Review of research into teachers’ beliefs at home and abroad

Teachers’ belief is an important research field in teacher education research, and related practices and research have been increasing in recent years. This paper summarizes and sorts out the research on foreign language teachers’ beliefs in primary and secondary schools at home and abroad from four aspects: the definition of the concept of teachers’ beliefs, the influencing factors of teachers’ beliefs, the research on the relationship between teachers’ beliefs and teaching practices, and the research on teachers’ beliefs and teachers’ professional development. Specifically, teachers’ beliefs are the views, attitudes, and psychological tendencies that teachers hold for truth about teaching-related factors in the teaching process. Its formation and change are mainly affected by personal background factors and social environment factors; Teachers’ beliefs and teaching behaviors influence each other, but they are not always consistent; Teacher professional development is the driving force behind changes in teachers’ beliefs. Finally, the paper points out that the future research on teachers’ beliefs in China can also expand the research objects, pay attention to the application of qualitative research methods, and focus on the dynamic research of teachers’ beliefs and the research related to teachers’ beliefs and teachers’ professional development

Molecular cloning and preliminary functional analysis of six RING-between-ring (RBR) genes in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification of proteins that is widely present in eukaryotic cells. There is increasing evidence that ubiquitinated proteins play crucial roles in the immune response process. In mammals, RING-between-RING (RBR) proteins play a key role in regulating immune signaling as the important E3 ubiquitin ligases during ubiquitination. However, the function of RBR in fish is still unclear. In the present study, six RBR genes (RNF19A, RNF19B, RNF144AA, RNF144AB, RNF144B and RNF217) of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) were cloned and characterized. Similar to mammals, all six members of RBR family contained RING, inbetween-ring (IBR) and transmembrane (TM) domains. These genes were constitutively expressed in all studied tissues, but the relative expression level differed. Following grass carp reovirus(GCRV) infection, the expression of six RBR genes in liver, gill, spleen and intestine significantly altered. Additionally, their expression in Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney (CIK) cells was significantly increased after GCRV infection. And deficiency of RNF144B in CIK with small interference RNA (siRNA) up-regulated polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid poly(I:C))- induced inflammatory cytokines production, including 1FN-I, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and transcription factor IRF3, which demonstrated that RNF144B was a negative regulator of inflammatory cytokines. Our results suggested that the RBR might play a vital role in regulating immune signaling and laid the foundation for the further mechanism research of RBR in fishes

Converting metal-organic framework particles from hydrophilic to hydrophobic by an interfacial assembling route

Here we propose to modify the hydrophilicity of metal-organic framework (MOF) particles by an interfacial assembling route, which is based on the surface-active nature of MOF particles. It was found that hydrophilic UiO-66-NH₂ particles can be converted to hydrophobic particles through an oil-water interfacial assembling route. The underlying mechanism for the conversion of UiO-66-NH₂ was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy. It was revealed that the close assembly of UiO-66-NH₂ particles at the oil-water interface strengthens the coordination between organic ligands and metal ions, which results in a decrease in the proportion of hydrophilic groups on UiO-66-NH₂ particle surfaces. Hydrophobic UiO-66-NH₂ particles show improved adsorption capacity for dyes in organic solvents compared with pristine UiO-66-NH₂ particles. It is expected that the interfacial assembling route can be applied to the synthesis of different kinds of MOF materials with tunable hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity required for diverse applications

Compressed CO₂ mediated synthesis of bifunctional periodic mesoporous organosilicas with tunable porosity

A facile and green method is proposed for the fabrication of bifunctional periodic mesoporous organosilicas using compressed CO2.</p

Synthesis and Characterization of Monodispersed Copper Colloids in Polar Solvents

A chemical reduction method for preparing monodispersed pure-phase copper colloids in water and ethylene glycol has been reported. Owing to the reduction property of ethylene glycol, the reaction rate in ethylene glycol is higher than that in water. In addition, the amount of reducing agent can be reduced largely. Ascorbic acid plays roles as reducing agent and antioxidant of colloidal copper, due to its ability to scavenge free radicals and reactive oxygen molecules. Thermogravimetric results reveal that the as-prepared copper nanoparticles have good stability, and they begin to be oxidized at above 210 °C. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone works both as size controller and polymeric capping agents, because it hinders the nuclei from aggregation through the polar groups, which strongly absorb the copper particles on the surface with coordination bonds

Research on balancing problem and planning methods for mixed model assembly line

Aiming at the balancing/rebalancing problem of mixed-model assembly line(MMAL) caused by customer demand changes, product design development and assembly technology and equipment upgrades, the contents and research progress of MMAL are summarized. Firstly, the research progress and the planning methods are described in the balancing and rebalancing of MMAL. Then, the classification and general solution for MMAL balancing problems are summarized. Finally, this paper puts forwards the future research consideration on the balancing of MMAL

Cropland Product Fusion Method Based on the Overall Consistency Difference: A Case Study of China

There is inconsistency between the existing remote sensing cropland products, whose accuracy of estimated cropland area and spatial positioning needs to be improved. The existing generalized methods of generating synergy cropland products for improving the accuracy of existing products do not consider the overall consistency difference between the different products in each grid cell in the fusion process. To reduce the impact of the abnormal estimated cropland areas of the individual cropland products on the results, this paper proposes a method of generating a synergy cropland product by fusing the multiple existing cropland products, based on the overall consistency difference. In the proposed method, the process of fusing the multiple existing cropland products is based on the overall consistency difference of the estimated cropland area of all the cropland products in each grid cell. The synergy cropland product is then generated after determining the best combination level with the cropland statistics. In this study, we set 2010 as the base year, and used the proposed method to conduct experiments with four remote sensing cropland products: GlobCover 2009, MODIS Cropland, MCD12Q1, and FROM-GLC within China, and national cropland statistics. The results show that the synergy cropland product generated by the proposed method has a higher accuracy of cropland area estimation and spatial positioning than the results obtained by the generalized model, as well as the original products

Effect of domestic cooking methods on the anthocyanins and antioxidant activity of deeply purple-fleshed sweetpotato GZ9

Purple-fleshed sweetpotatoes (PFSPs) are considered to be a healthy food and there are many methods to process in family. This study aimed to investigate the effects of various domestic cooking on the anthocyanin variation and antioxidant activity of a newly bred purple-fleshed cultivar Guangzishu 9 (GZ9) with anthocyanin content up to 1,500 mg/100g dry weight. As a result, total 15 individual anthocyanins were separated and identified by using UPLC-QTOF-MS. Top three anthocyanins were cyanidin 3-dicaffeoyl sophoroside-5-glucoside, cyanidin 3-caffeoyl- p-coumaryl sophoroside-5-glucoside and peonidin 3-caffeoyl-p-hydroxybenzoyl sophoroside-5-glucoside, which accounting for 57.27% of the total anthocyanin content. Acylated anthocyanins were the major constituents in GZ9, and the type of anthocyanins was dominated by cyanidin. Boiling, steaming and mircrowaving had no significant effect on the total anthocyanin content. But baking, frying, air-frying and stir-frying reduced 11–45% of total anthocyanin content. Through ABTS+ radical scavenging capacity and reducing power, antioxidant variations were also observed during different family cooking, and the variation had a strong correlation with total anthocyanin content