A network resource availability model for IEEE802.11a/b-based WLAN carrying different service types

The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://jwcn.eurasipjournals.com/content/2011/1/103. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Operators of integrated wireless systems need to have knowledge of the resource availability in their different access networks to perform efficient admission control and maintain good quality of experience to users. Network availability depends on the access technology and the service types. Resource availability in a WLAN is complex to gather when UDP and TCP services co-exist. Previous study on IEEE802.11a/b derived the achievable throughput under the assumption of inelastic and uniformly distributed traffic. Further study investigated TCP connections and derived a model to calculate the effective transmission rate of packets under the assumption of saturated traffic flows. The assumptions are too stringent; therefore, we developed a model for evaluating WLAN resource availability that tries to narrow the gap to more realistic scenarios. It provides an indication of WLAN resource availability for admitting UDP/TCP requests. This article presents the assumptions, the mathematical formulations, and the effectiveness of our model

Hybrid finite difference/finite element immersed boundary method

The immersed boundary method is an approach to fluid-structure interaction that uses a Lagrangian description of the structural deformations, stresses, and forces along with an Eulerian description of the momentum, viscosity, and incompressibility of the fluid-structure system. The original immersed boundary methods described immersed elastic structures using systems of flexible fibers, and even now, most immersed boundary methods still require Lagrangian meshes that are finer than the Eulerian grid. This work introduces a coupling scheme for the immersed boundary method to link the Lagrangian and Eulerian variables that facilitates independent spatial discretizations for the structure and background grid. This approach employs a finite element discretization of the structure while retaining a finite difference scheme for the Eulerian variables. We apply this method to benchmark problems involving elastic, rigid, and actively contracting structures, including an idealized model of the left ventricle of the heart. Our tests include cases in which, for a fixed Eulerian grid spacing, coarser Lagrangian structural meshes yield discretization errors that are as much as several orders of magnitude smaller than errors obtained using finer structural meshes. The Lagrangian-Eulerian coupling approach developed in this work enables the effective use of these coarse structural meshes with the immersed boundary method. This work also contrasts two different weak forms of the equations, one of which is demonstrated to be more effective for the coarse structural discretizations facilitated by our coupling approach

Towards Minimax Online Learning with Unknown Time Horizon

We consider online learning when the time horizon is unknown. We apply a minimax analysis, beginning with the fixed horizon case, and then moving on to two unknown-horizon settings, one that assumes the horizon is chosen randomly according to some known distribution, and the other which allows the adversary full control over the horizon. For the random horizon setting with restricted losses, we derive a fully optimal minimax algorithm. And for the adversarial horizon setting, we prove a nontrivial lower bound which shows that the adversary obtains strictly more power than when the horizon is fixed and known. Based on the minimax solution of the random horizon setting, we then propose a new adaptive algorithm which "pretends" that the horizon is drawn from a distribution from a special family, but no matter how the actual horizon is chosen, the worst-case regret is of the optimal rate. Furthermore, our algorithm can be combined and applied in many ways, for instance, to online convex optimization, follow the perturbed leader, exponential weights algorithm and first order bounds. Experiments show that our algorithm outperforms many other existing algorithms in an online linear optimization setting

Exotic mesons from quantum chromodynamics with improved gluon and quark actions on the anisotropic lattice

Hybrid (exotic) mesons, which are important predictions of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), are states of quarks and anti-quarks bound by excited gluons. First principle lattice study of such states would help us understand the role of ``dynamical'' color in low energy QCD and provide valuable information for experimental search for these new particles. In this paper, we apply both improved gluon and quark actions to the hybrid mesons, which might be much more efficient than the previous works in reducing lattice spacing error and finite volume effect. Quenched simulations were done at $\beta=2.6$ and on a $\xi=3$ anisotropic $12^3\times36$ lattice using our PC cluster. We obtain $2013 \pm 26 \pm 71$ MeV for the mass of the $1^{-+}$ hybrid meson ${\bar q}qg$ in the light quark sector, and $4369 \pm 37 \pm 99$Mev in the charm quark sector; the mass splitting between the $1^{-+}$ hybrid meson ${\bar c}c g$ in the charm quark sector and the spin averaged S-wave charmonium mass is estimated to be $1302 \pm 37 \pm 99$ MeV. As a byproduct, we obtain $1438 \pm 32 \pm 57$ MeV for the mass of a P-wave $1^{++}$ ${\bar u}u$ or ${\bar d}d$ meson and $1499 \pm 28 \pm 65$ MeV for the mass of a P-wave $1^{++}$ ${\bar s}s$ meson, which are comparable to their experimental value 1426 MeV for the $f_1(1420)$ meson. The first error is statistical, and the second one is systematical. The mixing of the hybrid meson with a four quark state is also discussed.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures. Published versio

Two-loop Renormalization Group Equations in General Gauge Field Theories

The complete set of two-loop renormalization group equations in general gauge field theories is presented. This includes the \beta functions of parameters with and without a mass dimension

Massive Dirac surface states in topological insulator/magnetic insulator heterostructures

Topological insulators are new states of matter with a bulk gap and robust gapless surface states protected by time-reversal symmetry. When time-reversal symmetry is broken, the surface states are gapped, which induces a topological response of the system to electromagnetic field--the topological magnetoelectric effect. In this paper we study the behavior of topological surface states in heterostructures formed by a topological insulator and a magnetic insulator. Several magnetic insulators with compatible magnetic structure and relatively good lattice matching with topological insulators ${\rm Bi_2Se_3}, {\rm Bi_2Se_3}, {\rm Sb_2Te_3}$ are identified, and the best candidate material is found to be MnSe, an anti-ferromagnetic insulator. We perform first-principles calculation in ${\rm Bi_2Se_3/MnSe}$ superlattices and obtain the surface state bandstructure. The magnetic exchange coupling with MnSe induces a gap of $\sim$54 meV at the surface states. In addition we tune the distance between Mn ions and TI surface to study the distance dependence of the exchange coupling.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure