Den profesjonelle førskolelærer: profesjonsoppgave pedagogikk

Hvordan forstår førskolelæreren begrepet danning, og hvordan kan førskolelæreren fremme barnas danningsprosesser gjennom lek i barnehagen? Jeg ønsker å se nærmere på leken som danningsprosess. Det gjør det lettere å holde rammene og få et avgrenset fokus fordi danningsbegrepet rommer så mye. Jeg har valgt å se på hva ulike fagpedagoger sier om danningsbegrepet for å få frem mangfoldet i definisjonene. Jeg presenterer derfor ikke en definisjon av begrepet. Jeg har på tampen valgt å bytte ut ordet ivareta i min opprinnelige problemstilling til ordet fremme (se intervjuguide hvor opprinnelige problemstilling er presentert). Grunnen er at barnehagen skal fremme danning. Slik jeg ser det, stiller det større krav til førskolelæreren om en mer aktiv rolle i møte med barnets danningsprosesser

What do managers consider to be central in providing a good working environment for people suffering mental ill-health?

DybdemasterI denne masteroppgaven i offentlig ledelse og styring har jeg undersøkt hva ledere mener er sentrale faktorer for et godt arbeidsmiljø for mennesker med psykiske lidelser. Jeg har foretatt kvalitative telefonintervjuer med seks ledere i ulike bedrifter i offentlig sektor og noen arbeidsmarkedstiltak. Jeg har analysert disse intervjuene med en tematisk innholdsanalyse. Funnene ble delt inn i følgende kategorier: 1. Tilrettelegging og støtte 2. Egenerfaring og ressurser 3. Åpenhet og dialog. Funnene er drøftet opp mot ledelsesteori og tidligere forskning. Det mest oppsiktsvekkende funnet mitt er at egenerfaring med en psykisk lidelse kan være en ressurs. Mye av tidligere forskning er basert på studier av arbeidstakere med psykiske lidelser. Jeg har funnet lite forskning på dette området der det har blitt intervjuet ledere. Her er det viktig å gjøre mer forskning, og det trengs også å jobbe mer med dette i praksis for at flere mennesker med psykiske lidelser skal kunne bidra i arbeidslivet.Engelsk sammendrag (abstract) In this master’s thesis concerning public management and governance, I have investigated what managers consider to be central in providing a good working environment for people suffering mental ill-health. I have conducted qualitative telephone interviews with six managers from concerns within the public sector and supported work environments. I have analysed these interviews using a thematic content analysis. The findings fall into the following categories: 1. Facilitation and support 2. Personal experience and resources 3. Openness and dialogue These findings are discussed in the context of management theory and earlier research. The most striking of my findings is that personal experience of mental illness can be a resource. Much previous research has been based on consideration of the employee with mental health issues. I have found little research in the field in which managers have been interviewed. It is important that more research be conducted in this area, and more practical work done in order that more people with mental illhealth are able to contribute in the workplace

Revisiting the radiographic assessment of osteoporosis-Osteopenia in children 0-2 years of age. A systematic review

Background Imaging for osteoporosis has two major aims, first, to identify the presence of low bone mass (osteopenia), and second, to quantify bone mass using semiquantitative (conventional radiography) or quantitative (densitometry) methods. In young children, densitometry is hampered by the lack of reference values, and high-quality radiographs still play a role although the evaluation of osteopenia as a marker for osteoporosis is subjective and based on personal experience. Medical experts questioned in court over child abuse, often refer to the literature and state that 20–40% loss of bone mass is warranted before osteopenia becomes evident on radiographs. In our systematic review, we aimed at identifying evidence underpinning this statement. A secondary outcome was identifying normal references for cortical thickness of the skeleton in infants born term, < 2 years of age. Methods We undertook systematic searches in Medline, Embase and Svemed+, covering 1946–2020. Unpublished material was searched in Clinical trials and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). Both relevant subject headings and free text words were used for the following concepts: osteoporosis or osteopenia, radiography, children up to 6 years. Results A total 5592 publications were identified, of which none met the inclusion criteria for the primary outcome; the degree of bone loss warranted before osteopenia becomes visible radiographically. As for the secondary outcome, 21 studies were identified. None of the studies was true population based and none covered the pre-defined age range from 0–2 years. However, four studies of which three having a crossectional and one a longitudinal design, included newborns while one study included children 0–2 years. Conclusions Despite an extensive literature search, we did not find any studies supporting the assumption that a 20–40% bone loss is required before osteopenia becomes visible on radiographs. Reference values for cortical thickness were sparse. Further studies addressing this important topic are warranted.publishedVersio

Oral health-related quality of life, impaired physical health and orofacial pain in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis – a prospective multicenter cohort study

Background - Knowledge on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is limited, and longitudinal studies are lacking. We aimed to describe OHRQoL in children and adolescents with JIA compared to controls, and to explore the validity and internal consistency of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) and the Child Oral Impact on Daily Performance (Child-OIDP). Furthermore, we wanted to investigate associations between OHRQoL and orofacial pain, physical health, disease activity, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement in JIA. Methods - The Norwegian prospective, multicenter cohort study recruited participants with JIA between 4 and 16 years of age and corresponding controls from three pediatric university hospital departments and public dental health services. In the present study, we analyzed OHRQoL in all children  Results - The same OHRQoL questionnaire was completed both at first visit and two-year follow-up in 101 children  0: JIA group 81% and 85%, p = 0.791; control group 65% and 69%, p = 0.815), while adolescents with JIA reported fewer impacts at the two-year follow-up (Child OIDP > 0: JIA group 27% and 15%, p = 0.004; control group 21% and 14%, p = 0.230). The internal consistency of the OHRQoL instruments was overall acceptable and the criterion validity indicated that the instruments were valid at both visits. Orofacial pain was more frequent in children and adolescents with JIA than in controls. We found associations between OHRQoL impacts and orofacial pain, impaired physical health, disease activity, and TMJ involvement. Conclusions - Children and adolescents with orofacial pain or impaired physical health were more likely to report impacts on daily life activities than those without. Pediatric rheumatologists and dentists should be aware of impaired OHRQoL in individuals with JIA with active disease or temporomandibular joint involvement

Vitamin D, oral health, and disease characteristics in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a multicenter cross-sectional study

Background: Vitamin D defciency has been associated with autoimmune diseases and oral health. Knowledge about the association between vitamin D status and oral conditions in JIA is limited. We aimed to investigate vitamin D status in a cohort of Norwegian children and adolescents with JIA and possible associations between serum vitamin D levels, clinical indicators of oral health, and JIA disease characteristics. Methods: This multi-center, cross-sectional study, included individuals with JIA aged 4–16 years from three geographically spread regions in Norway. Demographic data, age at disease onset, disease duration, JIA category, disease status, medication, and vitamin D intake were registered. One blood sample per individual was analyzed for 25(OH) vitamin D, and the level of insufciency was defned asResults: Among the 223 participants with JIA, 97.3% were Caucasians, 59.2% were girls, and median age was 12.6 years. Median disease duration was 4.6 years, and 44.4% had oligoarticular JIA. Mean serum vitamin D level was 61.4 nmol/L and 29.6% had insufcient levels. Vitamin D levels did not difer between sexes, but between regions, isoBMI categories, age groups, and seasons for blood sampling. Insufcient vitamin D levels were associated with dentin caries (adjusted OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.43–5.86) and gingival bleeding (adjusted OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.10–5.01). No associations were found with active JIA disease or more severe disease characteristics. Conclusion: In our study, nearly 30% had vitamin D insufciency, with a particularly high prevalence among adolescents. Vitamin D insufciency was associated with dentin caries and gingival bleeding, but not with JIA disease activity. These results point to the need for a multidisciplinary approach in the follow-up of children with JIA, including an increased focus on vitamin D status and oral health