The effects of deciduous teeth injuries on permanent successors

U radu se raspravlja o problematici ozljeda zubi, koje su posljednjih decenija u stalnom porastu pa zbog toga raste i pažnja, koja se posvećuje problematici njihova zbrinjavanja. Prikazane su neke od mogućih posljedica ozljeda mliječnih zubi, koje su utjecale na razvoj i nicanje njihova trajnog nasljednika. Opisuje se slučaj sedamgodišnjeg dječaka, koji je u ranom djetinjstvu pretrpio traumu mliječnih zubi, koja je rezultirala oštećenjem zametka trajnih zubi, u smislu poremećaja kalcija i prekida njihovog daljeg normalnog razvoja. Drugi opisani slučaj je dilaceracija trajnog zametka, koja je nastupila kao posljedica traumatskog oštećenja mliječnih zubi, u doba kad je pacijent bio star tri godine.The work considers the problems related to traumatic dental injuries which have been constantly increasing in the last decades and in consequence the attention given to the problem of their medical therapy has been also increased. Possible effects of traumatic deciduous teeth injuries on the development and dention of their permanent successors are presented. A case of 7-year old boy is described who suffered in his early childhood a traumatic injury resulting in the impairment of the permanent teeth manifested by the calcification disturbance and the interruption of their normal development. Another case described represents a disintegration of the permanent tooth resulting from the traumatic impairment of the deciduous teeth when the patient was 3 years old

Clinical Comparison of Flowable Composite to Other Fissure Sealing Materials – A 12 Months Study

The subject of the study was the clinical analysis of six different sealing materials over a 12-months period. It was neccesary to prove the clinical success of sealing with flowable composite with the use of adhesive system and preventing effect of sealants on caries developement. Our study included children aged from 6 to 15, and we sealed 326 teeth with materials from the group of flowable composites in combination with adhesive system (Admira Bond+Admira Flow, Excite+ Tetric Flow) and other sealing resins (Teethmate F1, Admira Seal, Helioseal Clear Chroma, Fissurit FX). Over a 12-months period, the total retention was 83.3% (Tetric Flow), 81.5% (Admira Seal), 81.5% (Fissurit FX), 76.4% (Teethmate F1), 75.9% (Helioseal Clear Chroma) and 74.6% (Admira Flow). Only 5 molars (1.5%) developed clinical caries, so fissure sealing has showed to be an excelent prevention of occlusal caries. Flowable composites used with adhesive system are equal to other sealing materials. Sealing materials show great and durable preventive effect against caries development in the fissure system. Since there are many different sealing materials, adhesives, flowable composites on the market and many different pretreatments of the enamel, future studies are necessary and should have an aim to investigate the best technique and material for fissure sealing

Caries Incidence in Children With Regard to Their Oral Hygiene Habits and Past Caries Experience

Incidencija karijesa u djece često je u vezi s određenim životnim navikama svakoga pojedinca. Višečimbenična uzrokovanost zubnoga karijesa otežava nam djelovanje na njegove etiološke čimbenike nastanka, ali dobro poznavanje tih čimbenika može nom pomoći u prevenciji karijesa kao najhumanijem i najekonomičnijem načinu djelovanja protiv krijesa, danas još uvijek vrlo značajnog javnozdravstvenog problema. Svrha ovoga rada bila je prosuditi određene pravilnosti u incidenciji karijesa u djece u mliječnoj i trajnoj denticiji s obzirom na kliničke i nekliničke varijable koje se mogu prikupiti u svakodnevnom kliničkom radu. Istraživanje je provedeno na 301 ispitaniku, stanovnicima Petrinje i Topuskog. Dob ispitanika bila je od 3 do 6 i 11 do 14 godine. U mlađoj dobnoj skupini sudjelovalo je 74 ispitanika, a u starijoj 227. Svaki od ispitanika bio je podvrgnut istome postupku. Upitnikom se pojedinačno istražila razina i način provedbe oralne higijene, uporaba dodatnih sredstava za njezino održavanje (antimikrobna sredstva, fluoridi), prehrambene navike, sastav konzumiranih namirnica te društveno-ekonomski status. Klinički pregled napravio je iskusan ispitivač. Nalaz je obuhvaćao dentalni status, određivanje količine stimulirane sline, procjena indeksa oralne higijene (Green-Vermillion), a zabilježeno je i postojanje ortodontske anomalije. Na osnovi prikupljenih i statistički obrađenih podataka došlo se do sljedećih zaključaka: djeca ruralnog i subruralnoga dijela naše zemlje, a osobito iz ratnih područja, pokazuju vrlo visoke vrijednosti dmft/DMFT i i dmfs/DMFS indeksa. DMFT indeks iznosio je 6,67, a dmft 7,7. Dobivena vrijednost SiC indeksa iznosila je 10,89. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata možemo zaključiti da smo još veoma daleko od postavljenih ciljeva WHO i FDI za unapređenje oralnoga zdravlja .Postoji jako velik postotak ortodontskih anomalija, 68,72% u starijoj populaciji i 39,19% u mlađoj ispitnoj skupini. Istraživanjem je potvrđeno određeno pravilo distribucije karijesnih lezija prema zubu i čeljusti. Ta spoznaja, uz prikupljanje nekliničkih varijabli, može uvelike koristiti u svakodnevnoj kliničkoj praksi te omogućiti brzo i točno dijagnosticiranje. Tada se uz pravilnu preventivu i kurativnu skrb lakše može postići razina oralnoga zdravlja.Caries incidence in children is frequently connected to certain life habits of each individual. Multifactorial etiology of dental caries make it difficult to act on etiological factors, but if we get to know them better it can help us to prevent tooth decay as one of the most humane and economical ways of acting against caries, which is still an important issue of public health. The aim of this study was to establish certain regularities in caries incidence in children during primary and permanent dentition, with regard to clinical and nonclinical variables which can be gathered in everyday clinical work. The study was conducted on 301 subjects, inhabitans of Petrinja and Topusko. The subjects were age from 3-6 and 11-14 years. Seventy-four subjcts participated in the younger age group and 227 in the older. All the subjects were under the same protocol. The questionnaire examined the level of oral hygiene, use of additional supplements (antibacterial agents, fluorides), eating habits, nutrition and socio-economical status. Clinical examination was made by one experienced examiner. It consisted of a dental examination, determination of the quantity of stimulated saliva and evaluation of oral hygiene index (Green-Vermillion). Orthodontic anomaly was also noted. On the basis of the collected and statistically processed data we reached the following conclusion: children in rural an sub-rural areas of Croatia, especially in parts affected by the recent war, show very high values of dmft/DMFT. DMFT index was 6.67 and dmft 7.7. The obtained value of SiC index was 10.89. On the basis of these results we can conclude that we are still far away from the goals set by WHO and FDI to improve oral health.We also found a very high percentage of orthodontic anomalies, from 68.72% in the older group to 39.19% in the younger. The study confirmed the rule of the distribution of caries lesions towards the tooth and jaw. This knowledge, with the collecting of non-clinical variables, can be effectively used in everyday clinical practice and allows quick and accurate diagnosis with the right preventive and curative care to improve the level of oral health

Karieszuwachs an den zahnflachen bei den Schulkindern

U ovom radu iznose se podaci o zahvaćenosti pojedinih ploha trajnih zubi karijesom djece zagrebačkih osmogodišnjih škola. Pregledana su 942 djeteta, otprilike jednaki broj iz pojedinih razreda, tako da se može uzeti da su bile jednoliko zastupljene skupine djece od 7 do 15 godina. Ovdje izneseni rezultati, nedvojbeno pokazuju, da se zahvaćenost zubi karijesom najčešće očituje na okluzalnim i cervikalnim plohama prvih molara, frontalnih zubi i premolara. Pokuša li se protumačiti ova pojava, dolazi se do zaključka, da su uzroci ovakvog redoslijeda nastanka karijesa na pojedinim plohama u vezi s vremenom nicanja pojedinih zubi, zadržavanjem pojedinih mliječnih zubi u ustima, anatomskom konfiguracijom zubi i stanjem higijene usne šupljine.The paper presents details about the occurrence of caries on different surfaces of permanent teeth in childern of elementary schools in the city of Zagreb.The group consisted of 942 children 7 to 15 years old which were examined, about the same member of them from the single grades, in order to obtain equal subgroups at the same age. The results show undoubtedly that the occlusal and cervical surfaces of the first permanent molars are those which are the most frequently affected. Trying to explain this the authors come to the conclusion that such an order of caries incidence on the particular surfaces might be associated with the time of eruption of the teeth, with the time of persistance of different deciduous teeth in the mouth., with the shape of the teeth and with oral hygiene.In dieser Arbeit werden die Angaben der einzählner Zahnflächen bei den Volkschulkindern in Zagreb angeführt. Es wurden 942 Kinder nur mit Sonde und Spiegel untersucht, umgefähr dieselbe Anzahl aus jeder der acht Schulklassen, so dass man annehmen kann dass die einzähinen Jahrgänge gleichmässig vertreten sind. Die Angegebenen Resultate zeigen offenbar dass die Zähne von der kariösen Zerstörung hauptsächlich an der okluzalen und cervikalen Flächen der ersten Molaren, Frontalen Zähnen und Premolaren. Beim Versuch die angegebene Reihenfolge aufzuklären, komm man zu der Schlussfolgerung dass die Gründe dafür mit der Tatsache des Ausbruches einzählner Zähne, des Längern Aufenthaltes einzählner Milchzähne im Kiefer, anatomischer Konfiguration und mit dem Zustande der Hygiene des Mundes abhängig sind

Einige Konstatationen über die verbreitung, lokalisation und inzidenz der Zahnkaries bei volkschulkindern einer Schule in zagreb im Jahre 1972. und 1973.

Prilikom fluoridaci je i periodičke sanacije zubi većeg dijela djece, učenika Osnovne škole »i. Gundulić« vršena je registracija karijesa i njegova lokalizacija na zubima. Rezultati ovih pregleda navedeni su u 4 tablice od kojih tab. 1 prikazuje raširenost zubnog karijesa izraženu KEP-om zubi, istih školskih godišta. Tab. 2 prikazuje aktivnost karijesa iste djece nakon godine dana, prikazanu brojem novih lezija. Tab. 3 prikazuje lokalizacije karijesa u 1972. i 1973. godini. Tab. 4 uspoređuje raširenost karijesa prikazanu KEP-om zubi djece triju škola, od kojih su zubi djece u prvoj školi sanirani i fluoridirani (»I. Gundulić«), u drugoj samo fluoridirani (»V. Nemet«), a u trećoj školi zubi djece nisu niti sanirani niti fluoridirani (Zaprešić). Iz podataka dobivenih i navedenih u tablicama može se zaključiti kolika je važnost za sprečavanje i suzbijanje zubnog karijesa, ne samo fluoridacija nego i redovita sanacija zubi.During fluoridiation and periodical treatment of teeth in a greater part of the children attending the elementary school »I. Gundulić«, the caries and the localization on the teeth were registered. The results of these examinations have been given in 4 tables of which Table I. shows an incidence of dental caries, presented by DMF, of the teeth in the same age groups of school children. Table II. shows the activity of caries in the same children after a year, presented by the number of new lesions. Table III. shows the localization of caries in 1972 and 1973. Table IV. compares the incidence of caries, presented by DMF, in children of three schools, of which the teeth of the children attending the first school (»I. Gundulić«) were treated and the fluoridation was undertaken, fluoridation only was carried out in the second school (»V. Nemet«) while in the third school the children\u27s teeth were neither treated nor was fluoridation undertaken (Zaprešić). From the data obtained and presented in these tables one may draw a conclusion about the importance of prevention and of combating dental caries not only by fluoridation but also by regular examination and treatment of the teeth.Während der Fluoridierung und sistematischer Sanierung der Zähne des grössten Teiles der Kinder der Schule »I. Gundulić« in Zagreb, wurden auch die kariösen Defekte und ihre Lokalisation registriert. Die gewonnenen Resultate der Untersuchung der Zähne der Kindern wurden in 4 Tabellen zusammengefasst In der ersten wird der Kariesbefall mittels des DMF Faktors der Zähne, bei Kinder derselben Schuljahren, in der zweiten wird die Aktivität der Karies nach einem Jahre mittels neuer Laesionen bei denselben Kindern ausgedrückt. Die dritte Tabelle zeigt die Lokalisation der neuen Kariesdefekte bei denselben Kindern nach einem Jahre. Die vierte Tabelle ist für unsere Beschlüsse am wichtigsten. Es werden die DMF Unterschiede die während eines Jahres bei den Zähnen der Kinder die fluoridiert und saniert, die nur fluoridiert und den Zähnen die überhaupt nicht fluoridiert und saniert waren, verglichen. Ausserdem werden auch die Zuwachsraten des DMF Faktors bei Kindern zweier nicht sanierten Schulklassen der Schule »I. Gundulić« in Zagreb vorgebracht. Die Angaben aus den beiliegenden Tabellen lassen die Folgerung ziehen dass zur Bekämpfung und Verhütung der Zahnkaries nicht nur eine sistematische Zahnprofilaxis, sondern auch eine plan- mässige Sanation der kariösen Zähne notwending sein werden

The Prevalence of Dental Caries in Preschool Children in Zagreb

Krajem godine 1994. u vrtićima je u Zagrebu provedeno istraživanje kojemu je cilj bio utvrditi pojavnost karijesa u djece predškolske dobi. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 117 djevojčica i 117 dječaka, ukupno 234. Rezultati su pokazali da se pojavnost karijesa povećala u usporedbi s istraživanjima provedenim prije pet do deset godina, a izražena KEP- indeksom kreće se od 3,29 do 7,39 prosječno u uzorku 6,19 KEP- -zuba po djetetu. Udio djece bez karijesa već je kod najmlađih ispod 31%, a kod šestogodišnjaka pada na 11%. U zaključku se može reći da je preporuka WHO za 2000. godinu o tek 50% djece bez karijesa u skupini petogodišnjaka za nas još uvijek daleka budućnost.The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries in children aged 3- to 6-years, living in Zagreb. The study was carried out at the end of 1994, and 117 girls and 117 boys were examined. Results show that the prevalence of dental caries is very high in all age groups. DMF-T-index varies from 3.29 to 7.39 and depends on age and sex. The share of children who are caries-free is almost insignificant (31% 3 years old, 11% 6 years old). The conclusion is that the WHO-recommendation for the year 2000 of 50% caries free children for Croatian children 5 year old is far in the future

Influence of Different Prophylactic Pastes and Cleaning Methods on DIAGNOdent/DIAGNOdent Pen Readings Values

Svrha: Svrha rada bila je analizirati utjecaj uporabe različitih profilaktičkih pasta na vrijednosti očitanja DIAGNOdent/DIAGNOdent-penom (DD/DD pen) i utjecaj različitih vremena i tehnika ispiranja ostataka pasta na očitanje DD/DD pen-vrijednosti. Također je trebalo ustanoviti postoje li razlike u očitanju vrijednosti između DD i DD pen-uređaja. Materijal i postupci: Na 35 zdravih trajnih trećih molara DD/DD penuređajima izmjerene su referentne vrijednosti te su odabrani zubi čije vrijednosti nisu prelazile 5. Ispitivalo se sedam različitih pasta za profilaktičko čišćenje (DentsplyNupro Medium, Voco Klint, Vivadent Proxyt RDA 7, Vivadent Proxyt RDA 83, Vivadent Proxyt RDA 36, Dentsply Zircate Prophy, Septodont Detartrine) i njihov utjecaj na DD/DD pen-referentne vrijednosti. Ispitivala su se i četiri načina ispiranja paste iz fisura: voda 5 sekundi, voda 10 sekundi, voda+zrak 5 sekundi i voda+zrak 10 sekundi. Rezultati: Pasta Dentsply Nupro imala je statistički znatno povećanje vrijednosti - od 4,34 do 8,94 za DD uređaj te 5,48 do 9,71 za DD pen-uređaj (p< 0,05), a ostale nisu pokazivale veće povećanje. Zaključak: Nije dokazana statistička razlika između metoda ispiranja ostataka profilaktičkih pasta iz fisura. Nakon korištenja bilo kojeg načina ispiranja, male količine paste ostaju u fisuri i utječu na DD/DD pen -vrijednosti. Zabilježene su statistički znatne razlike između referentnih vrijednosti i načina ispiranja paste vodom 5 sekundi za uređaje DD i DD pen (p=0,034). U očitanju ostalih vrijednosti nije bilo statistički znatnih razlika između DD i DD pen-uređaja (p>0,05).Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of different prophylactic pastes on DIAGNOdent/DIAGNOdent pen (DD/DD pen) readings and the influence of different times and cleaning methods of the prophylactic pastes residues on DD/DD pen reading values. Also, it had to be established if there were differences in readings between DD and DD pen device. Material and Methods: On 35 healthy permanent third molars reference values were measured with DD/DD pen devices and only teeth whose values did not exceed the value of 5 were selected. The research included seven different prophylactic pastes (DentsplyNupro Medium, Voco Klint, Vivadent Proxyt RDA 7, Vivadent Proxyt RDA 83, Vivadent Proxyt RDA 36, Dentsply Zircate Prophy, Septodont Detartrine) and their influence on DD/DD pen reference values. Also, four different cleaning methods of paste from the fissures were examined: water for 5s, water for 10s, water+air for 5s and water+air for 10s. Results: The paste Dentsply Nupro shows statistically significant increase of values for 4.34 to 8.94 for DD device, and for 5.48 to 9.71 for DD pen device (p<0,05), other pastes did not show any significant increase of values. Conclusion: The statistical difference in cleaning methods of prophylactic paste residues from the fissures was not proven. After usage of any of the cleaning methods, small amounts of paste stay in fissure and influence the DD/DD pen values. There are statistically significant differences between reference values and cleaning method with water for 5s for the DD and DD pen devices (p=0,034). When reading the other values, no statistically significant differences were shown between DD and DD pen devices (p>0,05)