Current State Analysis of Croatian Manufacturing Industry with Regard to Industry 4.0/5.0

It has been more than a decade since the introduction of the Industry 4.0 paradigm. Since then, many issues have been raised in the world: the COVID-19 pandemic, sustainable development goals, and recent dramatic changes in global politics. The global value chains were broken during the pandemic, and the importance of humans as the most important element of the production system was highlighted. It caused rethinking about current industrial paradigms, including the brand new paradigm of Industry 4.0. More focus has been put on human workers, sustainability, and the resilience of the value chain, so the Industry 4.0 update was presented as Industry 5.0. A specific methodology to evaluate the maturity level of the manufacturing industry with regard to Industry 4.0/5.0 is presented and tested in the Croatian manufacturing industry. The developed methodology is unique since it puts Industry 5.0 in the right context with Industry 4.0. Therefore, the Industry 4.0 index remains the main indicator; however, alignment with three Industry 5.0 aims (human-centricity, sustainability, and resilience) represents three additional indicators. The results of the current state analysis are presented as a case study with a discussion about the results and methodology itself

Hard Milling Process Based on Compressed Cold Air-Cooling Using Vortex Tube for Sustainable and Smart Manufacturing

Improving machining performance and meeting the requirements of sustainable production at the same time represents a major challenge for the metalworking industry and scientific community. One approach to satisfying the above challenge is to apply different types of cutting fluids or to optimise their usage during the machining process. The fact that cutting fluids are well known as significant environmental pollutants in the metalworking industry has encouraged researchers to discover new environmentally friendly ways of cooling and lubricating in the machining process. Therefore, the main goal is to investigate the influence of different machining conditions on the efficiency of hard machining and find a sustainable solution towards smart manufacturing. In the experimental part of the work, the influence of various machining parameters and conditions on the efficiency of the process was investigated and measured through the surface roughness, tool wear and cutting force components. Statistical data processing was carried out, and predictive mathematical models were developed. An important achievement is the knowledge of the efficiency of compressed cold air cooling for hard milling with the resulting lowest average flank wear of 0.05 mm, average surface roughness of 0.28 µm, which corresponds to grinding procedure roughness classes of N4 and N5, and average tool durability increase of 26% compared to dry cutting and conventional use of cutting fluids. Becoming a smart machining system was assured via technological improvement achieved through the reliable prediction of tool wear obtained by radial basis neural networks modelling, with a relative prediction error of 3.97%

Hard Milling Process Based on Compressed Cold Air-Cooling Using Vortex Tube for Sustainable and Smart Manufacturing

Improving machining performance and meeting the requirements of sustainable production at the same time represents a major challenge for the metalworking industry and scientific community. One approach to satisfying the above challenge is to apply different types of cutting fluids or to optimise their usage during the machining process. The fact that cutting fluids are well known as significant environmental pollutants in the metalworking industry has encouraged researchers to discover new environmentally friendly ways of cooling and lubricating in the machining process. Therefore, the main goal is to investigate the influence of different machining conditions on the efficiency of hard machining and find a sustainable solution towards smart manufacturing. In the experimental part of the work, the influence of various machining parameters and conditions on the efficiency of the process was investigated and measured through the surface roughness, tool wear and cutting force components. Statistical data processing was carried out, and predictive mathematical models were developed. An important achievement is the knowledge of the efficiency of compressed cold air cooling for hard milling with the resulting lowest average flank wear of 0.05 mm, average surface roughness of 0.28 µm, which corresponds to grinding procedure roughness classes of N4 and N5, and average tool durability increase of 26% compared to dry cutting and conventional use of cutting fluids. Becoming a smart machining system was assured via technological improvement achieved through the reliable prediction of tool wear obtained by radial basis neural networks modelling, with a relative prediction error of 3.97%

Hard Milling Process Based on Compressed Cold Air-Cooling Using Vortex Tube for Sustainable and Smart Manufacturing

Improving machining performance and meeting the requirements of sustainable production at the same time represents a major challenge for the metalworking industry and scientific community. One approach to satisfying the above challenge is to apply different types of cutting fluids or to optimise their usage during the machining process. The fact that cutting fluids are well known as significant environmental pollutants in the metalworking industry has encouraged researchers to discover new environmentally friendly ways of cooling and lubricating in the machining process. Therefore, the main goal is to investigate the influence of different machining conditions on the efficiency of hard machining and find a sustainable solution towards smart manufacturing. In the experimental part of the work, the influence of various machining parameters and conditions on the efficiency of the process was investigated and measured through the surface roughness, tool wear and cutting force components. Statistical data processing was carried out, and predictive mathematical models were developed. An important achievement is the knowledge of the efficiency of compressed cold air cooling for hard milling with the resulting lowest average flank wear of 0.05 mm, average surface roughness of 0.28 µm, which corresponds to grinding procedure roughness classes of N4 and N5, and average tool durability increase of 26% compared to dry cutting and conventional use of cutting fluids. Becoming a smart machining system was assured via technological improvement achieved through the reliable prediction of tool wear obtained by radial basis neural networks modelling, with a relative prediction error of 3.97%.</jats:p

From Industry 4.0 towards Industry 5.0: A Review and Analysis of Paradigm Shift for the People, Organization and Technology

The industry is a key driver of economic development. However, changes caused by introduction of modern technologies, and increasing complexity of products and production, directly affect the industrial enterprises and workers. The critics of the Industry 4.0 paradigm emphasized its orientation to new technologies and digitalization in a technocratic way. Therefore, the new industrial paradigm Industry 5.0 appeared very soon and automatically triggered a debate about the role of, and reasons for applying, the new paradigm. Industry 5.0 is complementing the existing Industry 4.0 paradigm with the orientation to the worker who has an important role in the production process, and that role has been emphasized during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this research, there is a brief discussion on main drivers and enablers for introduction of these new paradigms, then a literature-based analysis is carried out to highlight the differences between two paradigms from three important aspects—people, organization, and technology. The conclusion emphasizes the main features and concerns regarding the movement towards Industry 5.0, and the general conclusion is that there is a significant change of the main research aims from sustainability towards human-centricity. At the end, the analysis of maturity models that evaluates enterprises’ readiness to introduce features of new paradigms is given as well