Why it is so hard to predict our partner's product preferences : the effect of target familiarity on prediction accuracy.

Many buying decisions require predictions of another person's product attitudes. Yet, consumers are often inaccurate predictors, even for familiar others. We provide strong evidence that target familiarity can even hurt accuracy in the presence of attitude feedback. Although overprojection and lack of product-specific attitude information have been identified as possible reasons for prediction in accuracy, our results suggest a retrieval explanation. When presented with product-specific attitude feedback, predictors adapted their level of projection and encoded the attitude information, but they did not use this information. Instead, they retrieved less diagnostic, pre-stored information about the familiar target stop redict their product attitudes.(pro-environmental) attitudes; Behavior; Self-perception theory; Ecological consumer; Ego depletion; Social marketing;

Can externally activated trait concepts affect person judgments after encoding?,.

Current knowledge accessibility research assumes primed trait concepts to have no biasing effects beyond the encoding stage. In a series of studies, we challenge this assumption. We predict that trait concepts still can influence the person judgments of a predictor who previously stored the target person information through selective retrieval of trait congruent information. Our results consistently reveal assimilation effects when participants are primed with traits at judgment. Moreover, we identify two boundary conditions provide further evidence of the underlying selective retrieval process. First, assimilation effects only occur when stored target person instances apply to the externally activated knowledge and, second, when no prior target person impression is formed.Studies; Prisoner's dilemma game; Real life; Behavior; Altruism; Costly signaling; Research; Judgments; Knowledge; Effects; Information; Processes;

Exploring the role of consistency of social value orientations : temporal stability, reciprocal cooperation, and forgiveness.

Many studies of social interaction have incorporated the nature of social value orientations (pro-social vs. pro-self) as an important factor. This paper extends this literature by showing that the effect of the nature of social value orientations is moderated by the consistency of social value orientations (high vs. low). In three studies, we examined this moderating influence. In Study 1, we investigated the temporal stability of social value orientations and found that high consistent orientations are more stable than low consistent orientations. In Studies 2 and 3, we found evidence for the moderating impact of consistency of social value orientations on reciprocal cooperation and forgiveness. High consistent individuals were more likely to follow the nature of their social value orientation than low consistent individuals.

Consumer motivation to recycle when recycling is mandatory: Two exploratory studies.

Studies;

Do not prime hawks with doves : the impact of dispositions and situation-specific features on the emergence of cooperative behavior in mixed-motive situations.

In four experiments, we examined the impact of the nature and consistency of people's social value orientations on the emergence of cooperative behavior in conditions of neutral, morality or might priming. In line with Van Lange (2000), we expected social value orientations to have a greater impact in ambiguous (neutral priming) than in unambiguous (morality and might priming) situations. We also expected the later moderation to be higher among participants low in consistency (see also Hertel and Fiedler, 1998). Overall, participants' behavior shifted in prime-consistent ways. However, cooperation was reduced among high consistent pro-selfs primed with morality concepts. Experiments 2-4 replicate and generalize these findings, and reveal that high consistent pro-selfs exploited partners believed to be cooperative as a result of morality priming. Implications of these results are discussed in the wider context of interdependence theory, and in the context of automatic behavior effects.

About prisoners and dictators: the role of other-self focus, social value orientation, and sterotype primes in shaping cooperative behavior.

Six experiments examined the effects of person factors (i.e., social value orientation and consistency) and situation factors (i.e., stereotype primes) on cooperative behavior in various experimental games. Results indicated that the main and joint influences of person and situation factors on cooperative choices depend on the nature of the game (i.e., prisoner's dilemma or dictator game). Social value orientation, consistency, and primes affect cooperative behavior only in a dictator game, while these factors also lead to rumination about partner's behavioral intentions and personality (and therefore to different cooperative choices) in a prisoner's dilemma game. Differences between these games were explained in terms of the impact they have on other- and self-focus.Choice; Consistency; Dictator game; Effects; Factors; Prisoner's dilemma game; Social Value Orientation; Stereotype Priming; Value;

Interpetative thinking and impression formation in a prisoner's dilemma game.

In three experiments we examined the notion that interpretative thinking guides impression formation when playing a prisoner's dilemma game. In a first experiment, we demonstrated that an interpretation goal is spontaneously triggered upon receiving ambiguous information about an interaction partner in the context of a prisoner's dilemma game. In Experiment 2, we examined whether in this context accessible knowledge is used as an interpretation frame for judging the interaction partner. Indeed, we found that subliminally primed extreme person exemplars led to an assimilation effect in person judgment in a prisoner's dilemma game, whereas they led to a contrast effect when person judgments were made in a control condition. Finally in experiment 3, priming a comparison goal before entering a prisoner's dilemma game led participants to use subliminally presented extreme exemplars again as a standard of comparison in the judgment of an interaction partner.Information; Knowledge;

Are patterns of lumbar disc degeneration associated with low back pain? New insights based on skipped level disc pathology

Free Papers: Spine ‐ Lumbar: abstract no. 29648INTRODUCTION: The clinical relevance of 'patterns' of disc degeneration of the lumbar spine is unknown. In the setting of multilevel disc degeneration (2 or more levels), this study addressed the clinical implications of skipped level disc degeneration (SLDD) to that of consecutive, multilevel disc degeneration (CMDD) of the lumbar ...poatprin

Cervical spine disease in Asian populations

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