University student collectives, a space of participation and leadership

Ser universitario hoy en el siglo XXI, va mucho más allá de ir a un aula de clases, la apertura de otros espacios de participación como los colectivos estudiantiles aparecen como herramienta de respaldo y soporte para la defensa de intereses políticos, ideológicos, académicos, deportivos, ambientalistas etc. Estos colectivos ejercen una función social sobre los participantes o miembros de estos, puesto que a través del ejercicio de actividades o metas a cumplir se fortalecen las habilidades de cada ser en materia de intercambio de saberes académicos, toma de acciones de liderazgo, sentido de pertenencia universitaria, ejercicios de integración entre otros. En este caso particular, comento mi experiencia como tallerista y participante de fortalecimientos de herramientas y bases de liderazgo en colectivos dentro de universidades a través de una metodología de 3 pasos aplicada sencillaBeing a university student today in the 21st century, goes far beyond going to a classroom, the opening of other spaces for participation as student collectives appear as a tool of support and support for the defense of political, ideological, academic, sports interests etc. These groups exercise a social function on the participants or members of these, since through the exercise of activities or goals to be fulfilled the abilities of each being are strengthened in the matter of exchange of academic knowledge, taking of leadership actions, sense of belonging university, integration exercises among others. In this particular case, I comment my experience as a workshop and participant of strengthening tools and leadership bases in groups within universities through a 3-step methodology applied simple and practica

Mixtura finita de los modelos de regresión

Esta disertación consta de tres artículos que proponen extensiones de mezclas finitas en modelos de regresión. Aquí consideramos una clase flexible de distribuciones univariadas y multivariadas, que permiten el modelado adecuado de datos asimétricos que tienen multimodalidad, colas pesadas y observaciones periféricas. Esta clase tiene casos especiales tales como distribuciones contaminadas skew-normal, skew-t, skew-slash y skew normal, así como casos simétricos. Inicialmente, se propone un modelo basado en la suposición de que los errores siguen una mezcla finita de mezcla de escala de distribución asimétrica normal (FM-SMSN) en lugar de la distribución normal convencional. A continuación, tenemos un modelo de regresión censurado donde consideramos que el error sigue una mezcla finita de mezcla de escala de distribución normal (SMN). A continuación, proponemos un modelo de regresión censurado donde consideramos que el error sigue una mezcla finita de mezcla de escala de distribución normal (SMN). Finalmente, consideramos una mezcla finita de regresión multivariada donde el error tiene una distribución multivariada de SMSN. Para todos los modelos propuestos, se desarrollaron dos paquetes R, que se informan en el apéndice.This dissertation consists of three articles, proposing extensions of finite mixtures in regression models. Here we consider a flexible class of both univariate and multivariate distributions, which allow adequate modeling of asymmetric data that have multimodality, heavy tails and outlying observations. This class has special cases such as skew-normal, skew-t, skew-slash and skew normal contaminated distributions, as well as symmetric cases. Initially, a model is proposed based on the assumption that the errors follow a finite mixture of scale mixture of skew-normal (FM-SMSN) distribution rather than the conventional normal distribution. Next, we have a censored regression model where we consider that the error follows a finite mixture of scale mixture of normal (SMN) distribution. Next, we propose a censored regression model where we consider that the error follows a finite mixture of scale mixture of normal (SMN) distribution. Finally, we consider a finite mixture of multivariate regression where the error has a multivariate SMSN distribution. For all proposed models, two R packages were developed, which are reported in the appendix.Brasil. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Tesi

Argumentos para un maridaje entre medicina y geografía. Medio-ambiente y salud

El nuevo concepto de salud sobrepasa el estricto marco biomédico para convertirse en un fenómeno socio-cultural, donde es necesaria la participación de todas las ciencias que estudian al individuo y a la sociedad desde sus múltiples enfoques. La variedad de factores ambientales que pueden actuar sobre el estado de salud es muy amplia y, por tanto, las patologías que en su etiología o patogenia están relacionadas con éstos también lo son. Todo ello motiva que las vías de investigación, así como las herramientas y metodologías utilizadas sean múltiples y variadas. Razón por la que surge la necesidad de «maridajes» entre disciplinas, origen, entre otras, de la Geografía de la Salud

Understanding the Relationship between Financial Development and Monetary Policy

In this paper we summarize the results of a broad exploratory empirical analysis where we relate the level of financial development with the effectiveness of monetary policy. The analysis is based on a panel of countries for whom we calculate measures both of financial development and of monetary policy effectiveness. We look for statistically significant relationships between the indicators of financial development, the effectiveness coefficients and other macroeconomic characteristics by estimating dynamic panels and performing a cluster analysis. We present our results in the form of a list of stylized facts that we consider deserve further attention.Financial Development, Monetary Policy Effectiveness, Dynamic Panel, Empirical Measures

The relationship between investment and large exchange rate depreciations in dollarized economies

We use a simple financial friction in an economy with high degree of liability dollarization to show that the negative balance-sheet effect of an exchange rate depreciation may be observable only if the magnitude of the depreciation is large enough. This result justifies the difficulty to find strong empirical evidence for balance-sheet effects and suggests the convenience of including a "large depreciation" term in empirical analyses.

Extinción del contrato de trabajo

El trabajo de investigación consistió en abordar el tema de la extinción del contrato de trabajo, teniendo en cuenta las diferentes modalidades de contratación, que influyen en las diversas formas de practicar la liquidación final. Se incluyen ejemplos prácticos.Fil: Sánchez, Daiana Estefanía. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.Fil: Bertani, Luis Enrique. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas

Environmental performance evaluation in highway rehabilitation works

Esse trabalho apresenta um instrumento de avaliação do desempenho ambiental para obras de recuperação de rodovias. Os resultados da avaliação podem ser divulgados às partes interessadas e usados pelas empresas e órgãos públicos responsáveis pelo gerenciamento rodoviário para, entre outros, atestar a conformidade ambiental da empresa construtora. O procedimento envolve (i) aquisição dos dados por meio de vistorias e análise de relatórios ambientais, parte das atividades de supervisão ambiental de obras rodoviárias, (ii) classificação de não conformidades ambientais segundo uma escala de importância, e (iii) cálculo de índices de não-conformidade ambiental. Para fins de teste e calibração, o procedimento foi aplicado em cinco trechos rodoviários, que foram submetidos a obras de recuperação no âmbito do Programa de Recuperação de Rodovias do Estado de São Paulo.This paper features a tool to carry out environmental performance evaluation in highway rehabilitation works, as a component of environmental supervision activities. The procedure involves (i) evidence gathering by conducting technical inspections and reviewing environmental compliance reports, (ii) ranking nonconformities according to a proposed weighting framework, and (iii) calculation of an environmental conformity index. For the sake of testing and calibration, the procedure was applied to five road segments that were submitted to rehabilitation works in São Paulo State and the results were treated qualitatively

Ca-looping for postcombustion CO2 capture: A comparative analysis on the performances of dolomite and limestone

The low cost and wide availability of natural limestone (CaCO3) is at the basis of the industrial competitiveness of the Ca-looping (CaL) technology for postcombustion CO2 capture as already demonstrated by ~1Mwt scale pilot projects. A major focus of studies oriented towards further improving the efficiency of the CaL technology is how to prevent the gradual loss of capture capacity of limestone derived CaO as the number of carbonation/calcination cycles is increased. Natural dolomite (MgCa(CO3)2) has been proposed as an alternative sorbent precursor to limestone. Yet, carbonation of MgO is not thermodynamically favorable at CaL conditions, which may hinder the capture performance of dolomite. In the work described in this paper we carried out a thermogravimetric analysis on the multicyclic capture performance of natural dolomite under realistic regeneration conditions necessarily implying high calcination temperature, high CO2 concentration and fast transitions between the carbonation and calcination stages. Our study demonstrates that the sorbent derived from dolomite has a greater capture capacity as compared to limestone. SEM analysis shows that MgO grains in the decomposed dolomite are resistant to sintering under severe calcination conditions and segregate from CaO acting as a thermally stable support which mitigates the multicyclic loss of CaO conversion. Moreover, full decomposition of dolomite is achieved at significantly lower calcination temperatures as compared to limestone, which would help improving further the industrial competitiveness of the technology.Junta de Andalucía FQM-5735, TEP-7858, TEP-1900Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad FIS2011-25161, CTQ2011- 2762

What does really discipline fiscal policy in emerging markets? : the role and dynamics of exchange rate regimes

Fixing the exchange rate stabilises inflation and reduces monetary seignoriage, a key source of financing under the fiscal dominance hypothesis. However, the link between fixed exchange rate regimes and fiscal discipline in emerging markets has been found to be weak. This paper thoroughly reviews the issue through three venues. First, an alternative measure to gauge fiscal discipline -the so called shadow balance, inclusive of seignoriage revenues- is proposed, since the traditional one, the primary balance, does not convey monetary financing; notwithstanding this modification, no robust relation is found either. Second, we sustain and then prove the hypothesis that fixing the exchange rate may have offsetting effects on fiscal discipline through the relaxation of the fiscal constraint of the government. In particular fixing the exchange rate is expected to reduce the cost and burden of debt and to enhance the ability to obtain revenues through a higher level of activity. The empirical test of this hypothesis follows a two stage approach. First, we test the impact of the fiscal constraints on discipline: as advocated, a higher fiscal burden induces higher discipline; higher activity does not clearly relax discipline, although expenditures grow and the burden of debt is shown to diminish. The second stage tests the impact of fixed regime on the considered determinants. Again, the relation between fixed regimes and the reduction of the burden is robust, but not so the impact of fixed regimes on the cycle. Third, we explore the dynamics related to the pegging of the exchange rate, uncovering that at its inception exchange rates trigger an expansion and reduce the debt burden. This final outcome does not only strengthen our hypothesis but illustrates how the peg sows the seeds of its own destruction, also at the fiscal leve