Optimizaciónde las variables tecnológicas en la producción de un probiótico para camarones

Aim: To optimize the technological variables engaged in the manufacture of a probiotic for shrimp. Methods: This research was based on experimental designs oriented to phenomenological mathematical modeling of the process to identify the main design variables. The product cost sheet was used to create the economic model that fits such variables. The objective-function was to minimize the unit cost of the product. Restrictions of design variables were established, and their optimal values were estimated through the use of multi-criteria computer optimizing tools. Results: The initial sucrose concentration produced in the culture medium was 132 g/L, at a shaking speed of 1.67 s-1, air flow equal to 0.025 L/L.h, and fermentation time 8.5 h, which minimized the unit cost of the product to 5.31 $/L of product. This value was quite below$ 31.50/L, which is the price of imported probiotic Epicin, used to breed shrimp larvae. Conclusions: The sale of this product produces a revenue of $478 483.20/year to the Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Camagüey, leading to savings of approximately$ 40 000 US yearly in savings for Yaguacam Basic Production Company, through import substitution. Additionally, its use has led to a reduction in antibiotic use, increased quality and quantity of post larvae, and an overall positive impact for the company.Objetivo: Optimizar las variables tecnológicas que inciden en el proceso de producción de un probiótico para camarones. Métodos: Se emplearon diseños experimentales orientados a la modelación matemática fenomenológica del proceso para identificar las variables de diseño fundamentales. Se utilizó la ficha de costo del producto para confeccionar el modelo económico en función de estas variables. Se definió como función objetivo minimizar el costo unitario del producto. Se establecieron las restricciones de las variables de diseño y se determinaron sus valores óptimos mediante el empleo de herramientas computacionales de optimización multicriterio. Resultados:Se obtuvo que una concentración inicial de sacarosa en el medio de cultivo igual a 132 g/L, una velocidad de agitación de 1,67 s-1, un flujo de aire igual a 0,025 L/L.h y un tiempo de fermentación de 8,5 h minimizan el costo unitario del producto hasta 5,31 $/L de producto, valor muy inferior a los 31,50$/L que es el precio del probiótico de importación Epicin que se emplea en la cría de larvas de camarones. Conclusiones: La venta del producto genera una ganancia neta de 478 483,20 $/año para el Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología de Camagüey, un ahorro de cerca de 40 000 USD anuales a la Unidad Empresarial de Base Yaguacam por concepto de sustitución de importaciones y su uso ha permitido la disminución del empleo de antibióticos, el incremento de la calidad y cantidad de las postlarvas y un impacto económico positivo en la entidad. &nbsp

Optimización de las variables tecnológicas en la producción de un probiótico para camarones

Objetivo: Optimizar las variables tecnológicas que inciden en el proceso de producción de un probiótico para camarones. Métodos: Se emplearon diseños experimentales orientados a la modelación matemática fenomenológica del proceso para identificar las variables de diseño fundamentales. Se utilizó la ficha de costo del producto para confeccionar el modelo económico en función de estas variables. Se definió como función objetivo minimizar el costo unitario del producto. Se establecieron las restricciones de las variables de diseño y se determinaron sus valores óptimos mediante el empleo de herramientas computacionales de optimización multicriterio. Resultados: Se obtuvo que una concentración inicial de sacarosa en el medio de cultivo igual a 132 g/L, una velocidad de agitación de 1,67 s-1, un flujo de aire igual a 0,025 L/L.h y un tiempo de fermentación de 8,5 h minimizan el costo unitario del producto hasta 5,31 $/L de producto, valor muy inferior a los 31,50$/L que es el precio del probiótico de importación Epicin que se emplea en la cría de larvas de camarones. Conclusiones: La venta del producto genera una ganancia neta de 478 483,20 $/año para el Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología de Camagüey, un ahorro de cerca de 40 000 USD anuales a la Unidad Empresarial de Base Yaguacam por concepto de sustitución de importaciones y su uso ha permitido la disminución del empleo de antibióticos, el incremento de la calidad y cantidad de las postlarvas y un impacto económico positivo en la entidad

Polymorphisms in receptors involved in opsonic and nonopsonic phagocytosis, and correlation with risk of infection in oncohematology patients

Producción CientíficaHigh-risk hematological malignancies are a privileged setting for infection by opportunistic microbes, with invasive mycosis being one of the most serious complications. Recently, genetic background has emerged as an unanticipated risk factor. For this reason, polymorphisms for genes encoding archetypal receptors involved in the opsonic and nonopsonic clearance of microbes, pentraxin-3 (PTX3) and Dectin-1, respectively, were studied and correlated with the risk of infection. Fungal, bacterial, and viral infections were registered for a group of 198 patients with highrisk hematological malignancies. Polymorphisms for the pentraxin-3 gene (PTX3) showed a significant association with the risk of fungal infection by Candida spp. and, especially, by Aspergillus spp. This link remained even for patients undergoing antifungal prophylaxis, thus demonstrating the clinical relevance of PTX3 in the defense against fungi. CLEC7A polymorphisms did not show any definite correlation with the risk of invasive mycosis, nor did they influence the expression of Dectin-1 isoforms generated by alternative splicing. The PTX3 mRNA expression level was significantly lower in samples from healthy volunteers who showed these polymorphisms, although no differences were observed in the extents of induction elicited by bacterial lipopolysaccharide and heat-killed Candida albicans, thus suggesting that the expression of PTX3 at the start of infection may influence the clinical outcome. PTX3 mRNA expression can be a good biomarker to establish proper antifungal prophylaxis in immunodepressed patients

Identificación de los mecanismos moleculares asociados con la toxicidad inducida por MeHg mediante el análisis de la expresión proteica diferencial

Comunicaciones a congreso

Design Of A Minicomputer Separator Of Urban Solid Waste (RSU)

In Mexico, the society in general lacks the habit and ethics of properly disposing garbage or in taking care of the environment. This paper focuses on analyzing and disposing garbage in an automated way. The present study also seeks to create and promote care for the planet. The minicomputer (GreenScanProcess) is an automated system whose process is based on an algorithm that stands out for its functionality. GreenScanProcess has sensors that allow the analysis and scanning of garbage. It also measures the weight and humidity of the garbage. The minicomputer also examines the garbage to know its composition. Likewise, GreenScanProcess takes the garbage to the container according to the garbage. The benefits obtained when conducting the research were: environmental, economic, technological, and educational

EMIR, the GTC NIR multi-object imager-spectrograph

EMIR, currently entering into its fabrication and AIV phase, will be one of the first common user instruments for the GTC, the 10 meter telescope under construction by GRANTECAN at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (Canary Islands, Spain). EMIR is being built by a Consortium of Spanish and French institutes led by the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC). EMIR is designed to realize one of the central goals of 10m class telescopes, allowing observers to obtain spectra for large numbers of faint sources in a time-efficient manner. EMIR is primarily designed to be operated as a MOS in the K band, but others a wide range of observing modes, including imaging and spectroscopy, both long slit and multi-object, in the wavelength range 0.9 to 2.5 um. It is equipped with two innovative subsystems: a robotic reconfigurable multi-slit mask and dispersive elements formed by the combination of high quality distraction grating and conventional prisms, both at the heart of the instrument. The present status of development, expected performances, schedule and plans for scientific exploitation are described and discussed. The development and fabrication of EMIR is funded by GRANTECAN and the Plan Nacional de Astronomía y Astrofísica (National Plan for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Spain).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

The state of the Martian climate

60°N was +2.0°C, relative to the 1981–2010 average value (Fig. 5.1). This marks a new high for the record. The average annual surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly for 2016 for land stations north of starting in 1900, and is a significant increase over the previous highest value of +1.2°C, which was observed in 2007, 2011, and 2015. Average global annual temperatures also showed record values in 2015 and 2016. Currently, the Arctic is warming at more than twice the rate of lower latitudes

Database of spatial distribution of non indigenous species in Spanish marine waters

Research in marine Spanish waters are focused on several actions to achieve an effectively management on protected areas, with the active participation of the stakeholders and research as basic tools for decision-making. Among these actions, there is one about the knowledge and control on NIS. One of its objectives is the creation of NIS factsheets, which are going to be added to the National Marine Biodiversity Geographical System (GIS) providing complementary information about taxonomic classification, common names, taxonomic synonyms, species illustrations, identification morphological characters, habitat in the native and introduced regions, biological and ecological traits, GenBank DNA sequences, world distribution, first record and evolution in the introduced areas, likely pathways of introduction, effects in the habitats and interaction with native species, and potential management measures to apply. The database will also provide data for (1) the European online platforms, (2) the environmental assessment for the Descriptor 2 (D2-NIS) of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), as well as (3) supporting decisions made by stakeholders. It is the result of extensive collaboration among scientist, manager’s and citizen science in the Spanish North-Atlantic, South-Atlantic, Gibraltar Strait-Alboran, Levantine-Balearic and Canary Islands marine divisions, providing an updated overview of the spatial distribution of relevant extended and invasive NIS of recent and established NIS introduced by maritime transport and aquaculture pathways, as well as on cryptogenic or native species in expansion due to the climatic water warming trend

Time-of-Flight Detector for the Characterisation of Laser-Accelerated Protons

[Otros] Lasers of ultra-high intensity focused on thin targets can form plasmas and release large numbers of charged particles with kinetic energies in the MeV region. The characterization of the accelerated particles requires suitable detectors. We present a time-of-flight detector based on a plastic scintillator optimized for the spectral analysis of laser-accelerated protons. All details of the detector layout are adapted to the expected properties of the proton beam. Particle energies will be separated by the time-of-flight technique over 200 cm path length. The active area (25 mm width) corresponds to a few mrad opening angle. With 5 mm thickness the detector is capable of absorbing protons up to 22.5 MeV. A very thin, aluminized mylar foil shields the scintillator from outer light while absorbing very little particle energy. The scintillation photons are measured with a photomultiplier tube coupled through a bundle of optical fibres. The coupling of these fibres via a PMMA light guide has been previously optimized in simulations with Litrani. A critical aspect of the detection of virtually large numbers of protons emitted in femtosecond pulses is the saturation of the PMT. The latter can be avoided by use of appropriate optical filters. With these the effective dynamic range starts from single particles over several orders of magnitude. Our time-of-flight detector has been calibrated at the Spanish National Accelerator Centre at Sevilla. Proton beams from 0.46 to 5.6 MeV from a tandem accelerator have been used to measure the relation between particle energy and pulse heights. Further tests have been performed with a pulsed electron beam to simulate many-particle hits.Project funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and co-funded with FEDER¿s funds within the INNPACTO 2011 program, Grant No. IPT-2011-0862- 900000. This work was supported by the Spanish Plan Nacional de Investigacion Científica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnológica (I+D+i) under Grant No. FIS2010-21216-CO2-01 and the Valencian Local Government under Grants PROMETEOII/2013/010 and ISIC 2011/013Seimetz, M.; Bellido, P.; Soriano, A.; Huertas, C.; García Lopez, J.; Jimenez-Ramos, MC.; Fernandez, B.... (2013). Time-of-Flight Detector for the Characterisation of Laser-Accelerated Protons. IEEE. 25-28. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829804S252

Dosimetric Calibration of Radiochromic Film For Laser-accelerated Proton Beams

[Otros] When an ultra-intense and ultra-short laser pulse interacts with solid matter a fraction of the laser pulse can be converted into kinetic energy of a beam of charged particles. Radiochromic film (RCF), widely used as radiation detector in the field of conventional radiotherapy, can be used as detector for laser-accelerated protons. If used in stack configuration it is a useful and versatile tool to obtain 2D spatial distribution and energetic information of proton beams. In order to obtain dosimetric information from RCF it must be properly calibrated. Irradiating film pieces under well known conditions allows us to establish a relation between the optical density (OD) of the radiochromic film, which is measured through a flat bed scanner operating in transmission mode, and the deposited energy in the active layer. A calibration curve over a large dynamic range (3 orders of magnitude) has been obtained for few MeV protons. Our calibration process has been performed at the Spanish National Accelerator Center at Sevilla. We have irradiated several areas of a single RCF with a constant 50 pA beam current and fixed 4 MeV energy from a 3 MV tandem accelerator. We have calculated the deposited energy in the films under the same conditions. We demonstrate that this technique can be used to measure the spectrum and total energy of a laser-accelerated mixed-energy proton beam. This detector has been calibrated for a near future application at the Center of Pulsed, Ultra-short, Ultra-intense Lasers (CLPU) at Salamanca (Spain). We present the calibration procedure and results, the design optimization, and a comparison with similar experiments.Project funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and co-funded with FEDERs funds within the INNPACTO 2011 program. This work was supported by the Spanish Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e InnovacionTecnologica (I+D+i) under Grant No. FIS2010-21216-CO2-01 and the Valencian Local Government under Grants PROMETEOII/2013/010 and ISIC 2011/013.Bellido, P.; Seimetz, M.; Soriano, A.; Huertas, C.; García Lopez, J.; Jimenez-Ramos, MC.; Fernandez, B.... (2013). Dosimetric Calibration of Radiochromic Film For Laser-accelerated Proton Beams. IEEE. 20-23. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829806S202