Granulados de Temephos

El Temephos es un insecticida fosforado empleado en los programas de lucha anti vectorial contra mosquitos y diferentes tipos de moscas en los hogares, arrozales, charcas y terrenos pantanosos, así como también, contra polillas, piojos y en diferentes cosechas contra gusanos, tripses y otros insectos. En este trabajo, se resumen las investigaciones realizadas para obtener granulados insecticidas del ingrediente activo Temephos. Los granulados se elaboraron empleando inertes portadores naturales, tales como zeolita, dolomita y carbonato de calcio (tamaño de partícula 0,5 a 1,0 mm) mediante la tecnología clásica de impregnación para la posterior utilización en los programas de salud pública en Cuba y otros países. Los análisis físico químicos correspondientes a los indicadores internacionales establecidos para el control de la calidad, se realizaron primeramente a los formulados elaborados, a través de un año de almacenaje a temperatura ambiente durante el cual se les practicaron los controles físico químicos periódicos de interés. Las concentraciones de ingrediente activo se determinaron mediante Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Resolución y los indicadores de calidad, se chequearon mediante procedimientos CIPAC, WHO y normas internacionales. Se obtuvieron resultados satisfactorios con carbonato de calcio y dolomita, como portadores inertes naturales y el ingrediente activo técnico Temephos, a las concentraciones de 1,0 y 2,0 %, los cuales son capaces de liberar lentamente el ingrediente activo cuando se introducen en agua durante largos períodos de tiempo

Productos espolvoreables pesticidas con zeolitas

Se resumen investigaciones realizadas para la obtención de productos espolvoreables plaguicidas empleados contra diferentes plagas en la Agricultura, la protección de la salud humana y animal y la higiene ambiental. Las formulaciones se confeccionaron empleando como diluentes inertes los denominados polvos de ciclón, considerados como residuos de molienda de las plantas industriales de procesamiento de las zeolitas naturales cubanas de los yacimientos Tasajeras y San Andrés, mediante el empleo de la tecnología clásica de Impregnación con mezclado–molienda– homogeneización. Los análisis físico químicos correspondientes a los indicadores internacionales establecidos para el control de la calidad, se realizaron primeramente a las formulaciones elaboradas, sometiendolas posteriormente, a un año de almacenaje a temperatura ambiente durante el cual se les realizaron los controles físico químicos periódicos de interés. El contenido de bioactivo, o ingrediente activo, para los insecticidas se determinó, fundamentalmente mediante procedimientos de Cromatografía Gaseosa o por Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Resolución y para el fungicida mediante el procedimiento internacional de CIPAC MT 25. Los indicadores de calidad se chequearon mediante procedimientos CIPAC, WHO y normas internacionales. Se obtuvieron resultados satisfactorios empleando residuos de molienda de las plantas industriales de procesamiento de zeolitas naturales cubanas, provenientes de los yacimientos citados, con formulaciones nominales de Cypermethrin 2,5 DP, Permethrin 0,4 DP y Propoxur 2,0 DP

Global attitudes in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 pandemic: ACIE Appy Study

Background: Surgical strategies are being adapted to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations on the management of acute appendicitis have been based on expert opinion, but very little evidence is available. This study addressed that dearth with a snapshot of worldwide approaches to appendicitis. Methods: The Association of Italian Surgeons in Europe designed an online survey to assess the current attitude of surgeons globally regarding the management of patients with acute appendicitis during the pandemic. Questions were divided into baseline information, hospital organization and screening, personal protective equipment, management and surgical approach, and patient presentation before versus during the pandemic. Results: Of 744 answers, 709 (from 66 countries) were complete and were included in the analysis. Most hospitals were treating both patients with and those without COVID. There was variation in screening indications and modality used, with chest X-ray plus molecular testing (PCR) being the commonest (19\ub78 per cent). Conservative management of complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis was used by 6\ub76 and 2\ub74 per cent respectively before, but 23\ub77 and 5\ub73 per cent, during the pandemic (both P < 0\ub7001). One-third changed their approach from laparoscopic to open surgery owing to the popular (but evidence-lacking) advice from expert groups during the initial phase of the pandemic. No agreement on how to filter surgical smoke plume during laparoscopy was identified. There was an overall reduction in the number of patients admitted with appendicitis and one-third felt that patients who did present had more severe appendicitis than they usually observe. Conclusion: Conservative management of mild appendicitis has been possible during the pandemic. The fact that some surgeons switched to open appendicectomy may reflect the poor guidelines that emanated in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care