Currency Mismatches in Non-Financial Firms in Chile

Using a new data base that includes the currency composition of assets and liabilities of non-financial firms, this paper examines the effects and determinants of currency mismatches in Chile. In line with previous studies, we find that after a depreciation in real terms, firms with the largest debt in dollars perform no worse than their counterparts indebted in pesos. Nonetheless, once we control properly by differences across firms in the currency composition of their assets, income and use of derivatives, significant balance sheet effects arise.

Modificaciones del espesor retiniano en pacientes diabéticos tratados con corticoides intravítreos

Los pacientes con edema macular diabético tratados con implantes intravítreos de Dexametasona muestran una reducción de los marcadores de inflamación en la mácula detectables mediante tomografía de coherencia óptica

Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión (HADS) en cuidadores primarios informales de pacientes con cáncer: propiedades psicométricas.

Introduction: Symptoms of anxiety and depression are some of the major mental health problems in caregivers affecting quality of life. Valid and reliable screening instruments such as the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) has made possible the detection of possible cases of depression and anxiety. However, the psychometric properties of this instrument have not been documented in caregivers in the Mexican population. Objetives: Determine the psychometric properties of the HADS in a sample of caregivers in the Mexican population. Materials and Methods: 200 caregivers from the National Cancer Institute participated, of which 65.5% were women and 34.5% men, with a mean age of 47.4 ± 14.1 years. Participants completed concurrently the HADS and Zarit Burden Interview. Results: A factor analysis to two factors explained 42.05% of the variance with 14 items on two factors. The internal consistency of the overall scale was satisfactory (α=0.83). Cronbach’s alphas for each subscale were .78 and .82. The concurrent validity assessed by way of correlations with concurrent measures showed significant associations (Pearson r=0.41-0.64, p<0.05). Conclusions: The HADS has adequate cons­truct validity, internal consistency and concu­rrent validity for use in caregivers of cancer patients from the Mexican population. The relevance of the results is that this is a popu­lation that can require mental health care in stages of care for patients with cancer.Introducción: la sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva son parte de los principales problemas de salud mental en cuidadores primarios informales afectando su calidad de vida. A través de instrumentos de tamizaje válidos y confiables como la Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión (HADS) ha sido posible detectar posibles casos. Sin embargo, hasta ahora no se habían caracterizado las propiedades psicométricas en cuidadores primarios informales de pacientes con cáncer en población mexicana. Objetivo: determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la HADS en una muestra de cuidadores primarios informales. Material y Método: Participaron 200 pacientes del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, de los cuales 65,5% eran mujeres y 34,5% hombres; la edad promedio fue de 47,4 ± 14,1 años. Los participantes contestaron además del HADS la escala de carga de Zarit. Resultados: El análisis factorial presentó dos factores con los 14 reactivos originales. La consistencia interna de la escala global mostró un índice satisfactorio (α=0,83). Los alfas de Cronbach de cada subescala tuvieron un valor de 0,82 y 0,78 que explican el 42,58% de la varianza. La validez por medio de correlación con las medidas concurrentes mostraron resul­tados significativos (r de Pearson de 0,41-0,64, p<0,05). Conclusiones: La HADS en cuidadores pri­marios de pacientes con cáncer en población mexicana presentó adecuadas características psicométricas. La relevancia de los resultados obtenidos radica en que se trata de una po­blación que puede llegar a requerir atención oportuna en salud mental en diferentes etapas del cuidado de pacientes con cáncer

Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) in informal primary caregivers of cancer patients: psychometric properties

Introduction: Symptoms of anxiety and depression are some of the major mental health problems in caregivers affecting quality of life. Valid and reliable screening instruments such as the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) has made possible the detection of possible cases of depression and anxiety. However, the psychometric properties of this instrument have not been documented in caregivers in the Mexican population. Objetives: Determine the psychometric properties of the HADS in a sample of caregivers in the Mexican population. Materials and Methods: 200 caregivers from the National Cancer Institute participated, of which 65.5% were women and 34.5% men, with a mean age of 47.4 ± 14.1 years. Participants completed concurrently the HADS and Zarit Burden Interview. Results: A factor analysis to two factors explained 42.05% of the variance with 14 items on two factors. The internal consistency of the overall scale was satisfactory (α=0.83). Cronbach’s alphas for each subscale were .78 and .82. The concurrent validity assessed by way of correlations with concurrent measures showed significant associations (Pearson r=0.41-0.64, p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: The HADS has adequate cons­truct validity, internal consistency and concu­rrent validity for use in caregivers of cancer patients from the Mexican population. The relevance of the results is that this is a popu­lation that can require mental health care in stages of care for patients with cancer.</p