Genetic Variability in Different Lucerne (\u3cem\u3eMedicago Sativa\u3c/em\u3e) Genotypes

One of the basic goals of modern lucerne breeding programmes is creation of new cultivars with a great potential for high quality and stable yields of both forage and hay (Riday & Brummer, 2002). Such cultivars meet increased needs of animal husbandry and must contribute to diverse farming systems (Luki , 2000). Our trial was aimed at determining genetic variability of yield components in 7 lucerne genotypes, as well as at evaluation of their breeding potential as gene donors to new lucerne cultivar

Višegodišnje leguminoze i trave - stabilan izvor kvalitetne kabaste stočne hrane

Perennial legumes, alfalfa, red clover, bird's foot trefoil, white clover, sainfoin and grasses, cock's foot, meadow fescue, tall fescue, Italian ryegrass, English ryegrass, French ryegrass, red fescue and Timothy grass can be grown successfully in pure crops and in legume-grass mixtures, on different soil types. Their importance in livestock development is based primarily on the great potential for yield of dry matter of over 20 t ha-1 if adequate agro-technical measures have been applied. Also, perennial legumes are characterized with high content of nutritive substances, especially protein and represent the most important protein source in livestock nutrition. Depending on the species and pheno stage of utilization, the content of crude proteins in grasses varies from 100 to 174,6 g kg-1 of DM, and in perennial legumes from 190,0 to 228,8 g kg-1 of DM. Livestock feed obtained from these plant species can be used in several ways, from grazing as most efficient and economical way, to preparation of hay and high quality silages and haylages. Stated forage species are very important in sustainable agriculture and organic production, considering that they carry out the process of biological fixation of nitrogen, but also from the ecological aspect. By using diverse selection/breeding material numerous domestic cultivars of perennial legumes and grasses have been created which are characterized with high potential for main agronomical traits.Višegodišnje leguminoze, lucerka, crvena detelina, žuti zvezdan, bela detelina, esparzeta i trave ježevica, livadski vijuk, visoki vijuk, italijanski ljulj, engleski ljulj, francuski ljulj, crveni vijuk i mačiji rep, mogu se uspešno gajiti u čistom usevu ili u leguminozno-travnim smešama, na različitim tipovima zemljišta. Njihov značaj u razvoju stočarstva, pre svega, se zasniva na visokom potencijalu za prinos suve materije, koji se uz primenu savremenih agrotehničkih mera kreće i preko 20 t ha-1. Pored toga, višegodišnje leguminoze se odlikuju visokim sadržajem hranljivih materija, posebno proteina i predstavljaju najvažniji izvor proteina u ishrani domaćih životinja. U zavisnosti od vrste i fenofaze iskorišćavanja sadržaj sirovih proteina kod trava se kreće od 100 do 174,6 g kg-1 SM, a kod višegodišnjih leguminoza od 190,0 do 228,8 g kg-1 SM. Stočna hrana dobijena od ovih biljnih vrsta može se koristiti na više načina, od ispaše kao najefikasnijeg i najekonomičnijeg načina, preko pripreme sena, do spravljanja kvalitetnih senaža i silaža. Navedene krmne vrste imaju veoma značajno mesto u održivoj poljoprivredi i organskoj proizvodnji, obzirom da obavljaju proces biološke fiksacije azota, veoma su značajne i sa ekološkog aspekta. Korišćenjem divergentnog selekcionog materijala stvoren je veliki broj domaćih sorti višegodišnjih leguminoza i trava koje se odlikuju visokim potencijalom za osnovna agronomska svojstva

CORRELATION OF MORPHOLOGIC AND PRODUCTION TRAITS OF HONEY BEE COLONIES FROM SERBIA

Abstract: State of mutual or reciprocal relationship between traits is determined by the correlation coefficients. Correlation of morphological and production traits was determined in two generations of honey bee colonies. In the first generation, mother queen bees were studied, and in the second generation, their offspring. The study of one generation lasted two years. Morphological traits were determined in the beginning of the study and production traits were determined in the spring and autumn inspections of every year. In the first generation, the positive and mostly high correlation between morphological traits, and honey yield and hygienic behaviour was determined. Correlation of morphological traits, colony strength and food supplies per colony ranged from highly positive to slightly negative values. It was found that there was a high correlation between some production traits (colony strength in the spring and autumn inspections and honey yield per colony). In the analysis of offspring (second generation), most traits that were positively correlated in mother generation now, also, showed a similar relationship. The only difference, in contrast to mother generation, was that, for most traits, the intensity of interaction increased

Publisher: Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun UDC 633.31 YIELD AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF ALFALFA CULTIVARS SOWN AT DIFFERENT DENSITIES **

Abstract: The effect of cultivar and plant density on dry matter yield and nutritive value of alfalfa was studied. The trial was conducted at the first cutting of alfalfa plants in their second and third years of growth, and four cultivars and two different crop densities were tested. The cultivars were found to have significant effect on dry matter yield, proportion of leaf in total yield and content of crude proteins under both densities. The highest forage yield was achieved in first density (20 cm row spacing with 15 kgha-1 seed rate). The wide row spacing (50 cm) with low seed rate (9 kgha-1) was showed lower forage production. The effect of cultivars and plant density on other parameters of forage nutritive value was insignificant. A high positive correlation with the proportion of leaf was found for the content of crude proteins (r=0.961), concentration of potassium (r=0.876), phosphorus (r=0.561), calcium (r=0.550) and content of crude fat (r=0.500). Crude fiber was highly negatively correlated with leaf proportion (r=0.916), while the latter showed no correlation with crude ash (r=0.185) and nitrogen-free extract (0.010)

THE EFFECT OF DEVELOPMENT STAGE ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ALFALFA LEAF AND STEM**

Abstract: Content of crude protein and cell wall constituents in leaves and stems of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cv K-22 with advancing maturity was investigated. Sampling was done in 7-day intervals in second cut. During growth and development, crude protein content decreased in leaves and stems, from 332,6 to 328,8 gkg-1 DM and from 138,6 to 122,0 gkg-1 DM, respectively. From first to third development stage, content of ADF in leaves and stems increased, from 352,0 to 476,7 gkg-1 DM and from 592,8 to 867,1 gkg-1 DM, respectively. Highest contents of ADF and hemicellulose was stated in plant parts in third development stage, in leaves 187,4 and 289,3 gkg-1 DM, and in stems 499,4 and 367,7 gkg-1 DM. The highest changes of lignin contents are in stems, while content of lignin in leaves increased from 42,0 to 49,0 gkg-1 DM