Laboratorni diagnostika komplexu Mycobacterium avium u skotu, prasat a ve vnejsim prostredi.

Some parts of the text are in English.Available from STL Prague, CZ / NTK - National Technical LibrarySIGLECZCzech Republi

IS1311 and IS1245 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analyses, Serotypes, and Drug Susceptibilities of Mycobacterium avium Complex Isolates Obtained from a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Negative Patient

Six isolates of Mycobacterium avium of genotype dnaJ(+) IS901(−) IS1311(+) IS1245(+) and serotypes 6 (n = 1), 6/9, (n = 2), and 9 (n = 3) were obtained within a 5-month period from a human immunodeficiency virus-negative patient treated for tuberculosis. The isolates were identified with PvuII restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis as a single IS1311 RFLP type and six different IS1245 RFLP types. Six separate colonies/clones obtained by subculture from each of the six isolates were tested for MICs of a set of 10 drugs. This report documents the appearance of isolates that are resistant to antimycobacterial drugs as the duration of therapy increases. Because isolates recovered from the patient following longer duration of treatment were more likely to be resistant to more antimycobacterial drugs, we would conclude that there was selection for antimycobacterial drug-resistant isolates. Analyses of all 36 clones identified three IS1311 and 22 IS1245 types forming three clusters. Tests of 105 environmental samples collected in the home and the work place of the patient yielded 16 mycobacterial isolates, of which one M. avium from soil was of genotype dnaJ(+) IS901(+) IS1311(+) IS1245(+) and serotype 2, and the second M. avium from a vacuum cleaner was of genotype dnaJ(+) IS901(−) IS1311(+) IS1245(+) and serotype 9. Overall analyses of the results did not reveal any relation between serotype, RFLP type, and drug susceptibility. Based on the course of the disease in the patient and different serotypes, IS1311 and IS1245 RFLP types of isolates of M. avium we suppose represent polyclonal infection

Mycobacteria in the animal’s environment in the Czech Republic

The “atypical mycobacteria ” are widely distributed in the natural environment and can produce infection in farm and wild animals bred in captivity. The objective of the study was to analyze the variety of mycobacterial species in the environment of breeding facilities, tanks and aquariums, as well as in samples of peat used as a feed supplement in the Czech Republic over the 2003-2004 period. A total of 1389 samples from environment were examined, collected from 29 sites throughout the Czech Republic. The samples were decontaminated and cultured at 25 °C and 37 °C in three culture media: Stonebrink’s medium, Herrold’s egg yolk medium and Sula’s medium. Mycobacterial isolates grown were identified by the PCR method and growth and biochemical tests. Of the 1389 environmental samples, mycobacteria were demonstrated by culture in 400 (28.8%) of them originating from different substances. In the samples of farm environment and in peat, mycobacteria were isolated in 185 of 1064 (17.4%) samples, and in 201 of 325 (61.8%) samples from aquarium and breeding tank environment. The results show significant difference between the findings from the stable environment (17.4%) and those from the aquarium environment (61.8%). A wide range of species was found in all constituents of the environment. The following species were most frequently isolated from the stable environment: M. avium (6.5%), M. fortuitum (3.2%), M. flavescens (3.2%), and the aquarium environment harboured most frequently M. fortuitum (13.9%), M. marinum (8.0%) and M. gordonae (4.5%). The results confirm the frequent occurrence of various mycobacterial species in the environment, predominantly in aquariums, some of which can produce infection in animals and in man following contact with the infected environment

Distribution of Mycobacterium avium Complex Isolates in Tissue Samples of Pigs Fed Peat Naturally Contaminated with Mycobacteria as a Supplement

In early 1999, there was an increased incidence of tuberculous lesions in the lymph nodes of slaughtered pigs in the Czech Republic. In part 1 of this study, tuberculous lesions were detected in 140 (62%) tissue samples collected from pigs coming from 15 farms in 15 districts at routine veterinary meat inspections in abattoirs. Mycobacteria were isolated from 37 (16%) tissue samples: 34 Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis isolates and three environmentally derived mycobacteria. In search of infection sources, M. avium subsp. hominissuis was isolated from 38 (79%) samples of peat used as a feed supplement. In part 2 of our study, the head, mesenteric, and inguinal lymph nodes of 117 randomly selected slaughtered pigs from one farm with young piglets fed peat as a supplement were investigated for mycobacterial infection. From 65 (56%) pigs, a total of 76 mycobacterial isolates were identified (56 M. avium subsp. hominissuis isolates, 5 M. avium subsp. avium isolates, 3 M. intracellulare isolates, and 12 environmentally derived mycobacterial isolates). IS1245 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) types with >20 bands of 45 distinct RFLP types were found in 49 M. avium subsp. hominissuis isolates from pigs (n = 31) and peat (n = 18). Identical RFLP types were found in only four pig isolates. Five randomly selected isolates from pigs and peat were subcultured to six independent clones or colonies. Among the IS1245 RFLP types of 30 clones, identical RFLP types obtained from pigs and peat were identified, which confirmed the hypothesis that peat contaminated with mycobacteria represents a significant source of mycobacterial infection for pigs