Brighter Futures: Tackling the College Completion Challenge

The United States' single greatest collective investment in human capital -- and in its future generations -- is public education. Yet today that investment is generating very poor returns for low-income students.Members of the lowest-income U.S. families are 10 times less likely to earn a bachelor's degree than members of the highest-income families. This situation would be troubling in any environment, but with income inequality only increasing and global job competitiveness intensifying every year, it is downright dangerous -- not just for low-income students but for society at large. While a field-level conversation about the college access, persistence, and completion challenges that face low-income students has been slow in coming, we believe that conversation is now imperative.Our new report Brighter Futures outlines the problem, the state of the field, and how to collectively intensify the ways we address these pressing challenges:Improve coordination between key actors: between high schools and colleges, within the college community, among nonprofit organizations, and between actors in the field and parents/communitiesCreate clarity around metrics -- and what drives successful outcomesLook beyond the traditional definition of "student"

Shining a light on thyroid eye disease

Effective medical treatment for thyroid eye disease, a debilitating condition which may cause sight-loss, has been lacking. A recent phase III trial of Teprotumumab, an IGF1R antagonist, reports most encouraging results – may be a game-changer? The trial is put in the context of current management strategies to address this question

Fibrosis in dysthyroid eye disease

Dysthyroid eye disease is a rare condition, mainly found in people with Graves’ hyperthyroidism. Autoimmune responses to thyroid/orbit shared antigens drive extensive tissue remodelling. This includes excess adipogenesis and over-production of extra-cellular matrix, which both tend to occur in the earlier ‘active’ inflammatory stages of disease. With time these give way to fibrosis, which has a profound impact on eye motility and may be life-long. Progress has been made in identifying the shared autoantigen(s) and the role of specific T cells and autoantibodies in remodelling, which have facilitated development of novel therapies. However relatively little is known of the autoimmune processes under-pinning fibrosis and currently there are no adequate medical treatments

Repair of Fractured Femur Neck by Open Reduction

Fractures of the neck of the femur in the dog are rarely encountered. When seen, they present a difficult problem of repair. This is because it is difficult to apply splints to immobilize the fracture while healing occurs

The thyroid, the eyes and the gut: a possible connection

Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder responsible for 60–90% of thyrotoxicosis, with an incidence of 1 to 2 cases per 1000 population per year in England. Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is the most frequent extrathyroidal manifestation, not provoked directly by abnormal thyroid hormone levels, but by the consequence of the underlying autoimmune process. The aetiology of autoimmune disorders is due to an interplay between susceptibility genes and environmental factors, such as infections and stress. What triggers the autoimmune reaction to a specific site of the body is not yet clearly understood. The lack of knowledge in GD and GO pathogenesis implicates therapies that only limit damage but do not prevent disease onset

Stimulation of autologous blood lymphocytes by malignant lymphoma cells and homogenates.

The blastogenic response to autologous blood lymphocytes to whole-cell suspensions and to homogenates obtained from malignant lymphoma tissue has been investigated. Spleens were obtained from patients in whom laparotomy was performed for staging of malignant lymphoma. Cell suspensions prepared from tumour nodules were treated with mitomycin C and allowed to react with separated autologous blood lymphocytes for 6 days. Lymphocyte stimulation was measured by liquid scintillation counting after exposure to 3H-TdR. Cultures were also prepared in which autologous lymphocytes were treated with spleen tumour homogenate. Control experiments used spleens from staging procedures in which no tumour deposits were present, and normal spleens removed incidentally during other operations. In the controls, the uptake of TdR was never more than twice that of unstimulated lymphocytes. Greater degrees of lymphocyte stimulation were seen in 6 out of 14 patients, using whole tumour cells, and in 7 out of 16 patients, using tumour homogenates. The results indicate an antigenic difference between tumour and host cells, and suggest that lymphocytes can react to a tumour-associated antigen

The Effect of Variation of Ruling Section on the Mechanical Properties of Carburizing Steels

Tensile and impact tests have been made on various carburizing steels heat -treated in sizes ranging from l/2 in. up to 4 in. diameter. The materials covered the older standard steels generally used in Britain, and the various standard ` substitute' steels which have been introduced because of alloy shortages, and a comparison has been made between them

Reply to The atypical Spitz tumor of uncertain biologic potential

No abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64914/1/24694_ftp.pd