Ceramide proportions in retinal GG classes (A, C, E) and in retinal and brain GT3 and AcGT3 (B, D and F).

<p>Means of 4–7 independent samples and 95% confidence ellipses are represented on ternary diagrams for various groups of ceramides: (36:1 + 38:1), (40:1 + 42:2 + 42:1) ceramides and other molecular species (A and B); ceramides with 1, 2 and 3 unsaturations (C and D); ceramides with 34 carbons or less, 42 carbons or more and other molecular species (E and F). Axes from 0 to 1 for the three variables are represented on B and the proportions for retinal GT3 are shown as an example.</p

Ganglioside profile of the retina and other ocular tissues, brain and plasma.

<p>A. Resorcinol-stained HPTLC plate of GGs extracted from retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid, ciliary body, optic nerve, brain and plasma. GG aliquots (4–7 independent samples) were pooled for each tissue type to represent a total of 10 nmol GG-sialic acid spotted per lane. A standard mixture of ganglio-series GGs (Std, 5 nmol sialic acid) was also spotted. The plate was developed in CHCl₃/CH₃OH/0.2% CaCl₂ (55:45:10, v/v/v) and revealed with resorcinol reagent. B. Quantitative distribution of GG classes calculated from a standard curve of each GG class. Results are expressed in nmol GG/mg protein or nmol GG/mL plasma.</p

Ceramide proportions in the GG classes of the retina and other ocular tissues, brain and plasma.

<p>Ceramide proportions in the GG classes of the retina and other ocular tissues, brain and plasma.</p

Molecular species profile of the ganglioside classes of the retina and other ocular tissues, brain and plasma.

<p>Data (peak areas) were obtained by operating the QqQ mass spectrometer in negative SRM mode. The proportion of each ceramide species was expressed, as percentage, relatively to the sum of all detected species in its specific GG class, every GG class being considered separately. Molecular species accounting for less than 1% were grouped under the category “others”. Results were expressed as mean of 4 to 7 independent samples for each tissue, injected three times. The color intensity of a spot on the graph is proportional to the mean percentage of the ceramide species considered within a GG class.</p

LC-ESI-MS normal-phase chromatogram of the lipid extract from human retina.

<p>The retention times of phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (PE), phosphatidyl-inositol (PI), phosphatidyl-serine (PS), phosphatidyl-choline (PC), sphingomyelin (SM), and lyso-phosphatidyl-choline (LPC) classes were of 7–8.5 min, 11–12 min, 12–14 min, 15.5–22 min, and 23–27.5 min, respectively. The mass spectrometer was operated under full scan in the negative ion mode from 0 to 15 min and in the positive ion mode from 15 min to 40 min.</p

Statistically significant associations between erythrocyte and retinal individual choline-phospholipid concentrations evaluated by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.

a<p>: Abbreviations of individual PC and PlsC species are as follows: position on the glycerol backbone as shown as sn-1/sn-2 of the fatty acid and fatty alcohol radicals (abbreviated as number of carbons: number of double bonds).</p

Erythrocyte PC16:0/20:4 as a possible marker of a pool of retinal VLC-PUFA.

<p><b>A</b>): In the retina, VLC-PUFA accounted for about 25% of retinal PC species esterified to DHA, themself representing 11% of retinal total PC and PlsC. <b>B</b>): PC34:6/22:6, PC36:6/22:6, and PC36:5/22:6 were the longest and the most unsaturated VLC-PUFA in the retina. These three species accounted for 22.7% of total retinal VLC-PUFA. <b>C</b>) This pool of retinal VLC-PUFA was negatively associated with erythrocyte PC16:0/20:4 (<i>rSpearman</i> = −0.783, <i>P</i> = 0.01). Abbreviations of individual PC species are as follows: position on the glycerol backbone as shown as <i>sn-1</i>/<i>sn</i>-2 of the fatty alcohol radicals (abbreviated as <i>number of carbons: number of double bonds</i>).</p

Characteristics of the human donors, tissue collection, and sample analyzes.

*<p>: Standard Deviation.</p>$<p>: no data for retinal PE for this subject.</p

Statistically significant associations between erythrocyte and optic nerve or retinal phospholipid fatty acid compositions evaluated by gas chromatography.

a<p>: corresponding to the derivative formed during methylation from alkenyl- residues of plasmalogens.</p

Statistically significant associations between erythrocyte and optic nerve individual choline-phospholipid concentrations evaluated by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.

a<p>: Abbreviations of individual PC and PlsC species are as follows: position on the glycerol backbone as shown as sn-1/sn-2 of the fatty acid and fatty alcohol radicals (abbreviated as number of carbons: number of double bonds).</p