The oral health care model in Middle and Low Xingu: partnerships, processes, and perspectives

The purpose of this article is to present the actions developed to create the health care model at the Special Indigenous District - Xingu (DSEI-Xingu); particularly regarding oral health. An effective partnership established among the following institutions University Federal of State São Paulo, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Dentistry and Colgate®, allowed the development of social health praxis at Middle and Low Xingu. The Social Space DSEI, which throughout the history, communities have developed and, through the social process of production, create differentiated accesses to consumer goods, is the basis for organizing health care services for the indigenous population. The DSEI-Xingu considers that establishing institutional partnerships as well as the effective participation of indigenous populations in health management in their territory is essential. Structured by plans based on population-reported problems, it uses the collective construction of explanatory networks, presenting solutions at different levels through an intersectorial approach. By observing health indicators, the indigenous communities' understanding of the recent primary health care model becomes perceptible, since it has been constantly applied to their culture, tradition, and uniqueness.Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as ações desenvolvidas na construção do modelo de atenção em saúde no Distrito Especial Indígena - Xingu (DSEI-Xingu), mais especificamente, na área de saúde bucal, com a efetiva parceria entre a Universidade Federal do Estado de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo (FORP-USP) e a Colgate®, que permitiu a construção social da práxis em saúde no Médio e Baixo Xingu. Ao longo da história, o DSEI Espaço Social é onde as comunidades se constituem e, por meio do processo social de produção, cria acessos diferenciados aos bens de consumo, além de formar a base para a organização dos serviços de atenção à saúde dos povos indígenas. Para o DSEI-Xingu, são pontos básicos o estabelecimento de parcerias institucionais e a participação efetiva dos povos indígenas na gestão da saúde em seu território. Estruturado no planejamento baseado em problemas sentidos pela população, utiliza-se da construção coletiva de redes explicativas, apontando soluções em vários planos com abordagem intersetorial. É através da observação dos indicadores de saúde que se torna perceptível a assimilação das comunidades indígenas com o recente modelo de atenção básica à saúde bucal, uma vez que constantemente está sendo adaptado à cultura, à tradição e às singularidades desses povos indígenas.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Medicina PreventivaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Odontologia Preventiva e SocialUNIFESP, Depto. de Medicina PreventivaSciEL

Oral health of mother-child pair in the Indigenous population of Lower and Middle Xingu: dental caries and treatment needs

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a experiência de cárie dentária e necessidade de tratamento em pares mãe-filho indígenas residentes em aldeias da região do Médio e Baixo Xingu através dos dados obtidos no Inquérito Epidemiológico de Saúde Bucal do Médio e Baixo Xingu, realizado em 2007. Participaram desse estudo, 246 crianças de 3 a 5 anos de idade e suas respectivas mães. Foram analisados os índices de cárie ceo-d e CPO-D para as dentições decídua e permanente, respectivamente e necessidade de tratamento relacionado à cárie dentária, segundo os critérios propostos pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (1997). A estratificação por sexo, faixa etária e localização por pólo-base foi usada na epidemiologia descritiva dos problemas de saúde bucal. A análise do índice CPO-D das mães evidenciou um valor médio de 14,3. Nas mães na faixa etária de 35 a 44 anos, o componente perdido foi responsável por mais de 80% da magnitude do índice e 37,2% apresentavam alguma necessidade de tratamento relacionada à cárie. O índice ceo-d dos filhos apresentou valor médio de 4,7 e não foi observada diferença em relação ao sexo. Apenas 13,4% dos filhos estavam livres de cárie e 79,7% necessitavam de tratamento. Não houve diferença na experiência de cárie de mães e filhos entre os pólos-base e a idade materna não apresentou correlação com a experiência de cárie do filho (=0,06). Não foi observada relação entre a necessidade de tratamento materno e prevalência de cárie ou necessidade de tratamento nos filhos. Não houve correlação significante entre a idade materna e experiência de cárie do filho (=0,06). Estes resultados sugerem que é importante considerar toda comunidade, e não apenas a mãe, nas relações de saúde bucal das crianças indígenas. A comunidade precisa ser envolvida no planejamento de estratégias de prevenção e promoção da saúde, adaptadas à realidade local, para que estas se tornem realmente efetivas. Os serviços de atenção à saúde bucal, ainda que presentes nesta área e com impactos importantes, precisam ser expandidos e/ou novas estratégias formuladas, particularmente em relação às crianças até cinco anos, considerando a complexidade e especificidades socioculturais dos povos indígenas.The aim of the present study was to describe the oral health conditions, focusing on dental caries and needs for dental treatment, of mother-child pairs from the Lower and Middle Xingu region, Xingu Indigenous Park, Brazil. A descriptive study was conducted through data obtained in the 2007 epidemiological dental survey carried out in Lower and Middle Xingu. The study population consisted of 3-5-yr-old children (n=246) and their mothers (n=206). DMF-T index, def-t Index and dental treatment needs were used, according to the criteria established by World Health Organization (WHO, 1997). Sociodemographic data included sex, age and home location for pole-base. Mothers DMF-T index was 14.3. For the 35-44 age mothers, the missing component was responsible for more than 80% of the DMF-T index and 37.2% presented dental needs. The mean value of def-t index in children was 4.7 and caries index did not differ by gender for deciduous teeth. Caries-free children were only 13.4% and 79.7% had some needs for dental treatment. No difference was found in relation to caries prevalence and home location for pole-base and maternal age showed no correlation with childrens caries prevalence ( = 0.06). There was no relation to dental treatment needs between mother and child, and there was no association between childs caries prevalence and mothers dental treatment needs. There was not a significant correlation between the prevalence of caries in mother-child pairs ( = 0.16). These results suggest that is important to consider the entire community, not just the mother, regarding indigenous childs oral health. The community should be involved in planning strategies for prevention and health promotion, adapted to local realities, so that they become really effective. The services of oral health care, even if present in this area and with significant impacts, need to be expanded and / or new strategies formulated, particularly for children up to five years, considering the complexity and socio-cultural specificities of Indigenous people

Dental health services in a regional health care network of São Paulo from different perspectives through the brazilian national program for improving access and quality of primary care

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os principais avanços e desafios ocorridos na atenção à saúde bucal na Rede Regionalizada de Atenção à Saúde 13 (RRAS 13), sob a perspectiva da integralidade do cuidado, por meio de dois estudos transversais. O Estudo 1, ecológico, contou com dois momentos: o primeiro se valeu do banco de dados proveniente do instrumento de coleta das Avaliações Externas das equipes dessa região, participantes do 1º e/ou 2º ciclo do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade (PMAQ-AB). O segundo momento abrangeu os indicadores de atenção básica de saúde bucal da região, propostos no Contrato Organizativo de Ação Pública (2013-2015) e os pactuados para o monitoramento do 1º e 2º ciclo do PMAQ-AB, obtidos nos bancos do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. O Estudo 2, tipo survey, teve como instrumento de pesquisa um questionário aplicado aos cirurgiões-dentistas que integram as ESB da região em estudo que participaram do 1º e/ou 2º ciclo do PMAQ-AB. Os resultados mostram que as unidades de saúde com equipes de saúde bucal da RRAS 13, possuem, de forma geral, consultórios odontológicos com características estruturais e ambiência adequadas aos padrões estabelecidos pelo programa, bem como equipamentos, instrumentais e insumos suficientes para a realização de atividades clínicas, exceto os relacionados à confecção de próteses dentárias e RX. As equipes de saúde bucal realizavam a maior parte dos procedimentos para o atendimento clínico de saúde bucal, com exceção da reabilitação protética, que permanece principalmente inserida nos serviços especializados e pouco acessível aos usuários. Apesar dos avanços, foram identificadas barreiras no acesso dos usuários e a necessidade de expansão e fortalecimento das ESB, extensão do horário de funcionamento, bem como da reorganização das práticas no que se refere ao trabalho em equipe, apoio da gestão, planejamento das ações, atividades de educação permanente, matriciamento e realização de visitas domiciliares. Fragilidades no fluxo e o longo tempo de espera para atendimento especializado evidenciam a necessidade de estruturação da rede de atenção e fortalecimento da AB como coordenadora do cuidado, na busca pela integralidade do cuidado. O interesse dos cirurgiões-dentistas nesse processo se reflete na alta taxa de retorno dos questionários e na perspectiva positiva, de modo geral, em relação a proposta avaliativa do programa federal. Com os avanços e desafios mostrados nesse estudo, na sua singularidade, espera-se contribuir para o fortalecimento e consolidação da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde e para que o PMAQ-AB cumpra com sua função indutora no sentido de ampliar o acesso e a qualidade das ações de saúde bucal desenvolvidas nesta região, na perspectiva da construção de uma cultura avaliativa, ainda incipiente na área da saúde em nosso paísThe aim of this study was to identify the main advances and challenges in oral health care in the Regional Health Care Network 13, from the perspective of comprehensive care, through two cross-sectional studies. Study 1, is a ecological study, which was divided into two sections: the first used the database of the External Evaluation instrument of health teams of this region that participated of the 1st and/or 2nd cycle of the Brazilian National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care. The second section covered the indicators of basic oral health care of this regions proposed in the Organizational Contract of Public and Health Action (COAP 2013-2015) and those agreed for the monitoring of the 1st and 2nd cycle of the PMAQ-AB obtained in the database of the Brazilian National Health System iformation system. Study 2, is a survey study, had as a research instrument a questionnaire applied to generalist dental surgeon that integrate the health team of the study region that participated in the 1st and / or 2nd cycle of PMAQ-AB. It was identified that the oral health units of RRAS 13 generally have dental offices with structural characteristics and ambience adequate to the standards established by the program, as well as sufficient equipment, instruments and supplies to carry out clinical activities, except those for dental prostheses and RX. Oral health teams performed most of the procedures for clinical oral health care, except for prosthetic rehabilitation, possibly due the permanence os this servisse in secondary care and not accessible to users. Despite the advances, barriers were identified in the access of users and the need to expand and strengthen of the oral health teams, extension of working hours, as well as the reorganization of the practices regarding teamwork, management support, action planning, activities of permanent education, specialist orientation and home visits. Fragilities in the interactions between first and secondary care as the long waiting time for specialized care point out that advances in access and coverage by oral health services are still necessary for structuring the care network and strengthening Primary Health Care as a care coordinator, in the search for integral care. The interest of generalist dental surgeon in this process is reflected in the high rate of return of the questionnaires and in the positive perspective, in general, in relation to the evaluative proposal of the federal program. With the advances and challenges shown in this study, in its singularity, it is hoped to contribute to the strengthening and consolidation of the National Oral Health Policy within the Brazilian Unified Health System and for PMAQ-AB to fulfill its inductive function in the sense of to increase the access and quality of the public oral health actions developed in this region, in the perspective of the construction of an evaluative culture, still incipient in the health area in Brazi

Dental health services in a regional health care network of São Paulo from different perspectives through the brazilian national program for improving access and quality of primary care

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os principais avanços e desafios ocorridos na atenção à saúde bucal na Rede Regionalizada de Atenção à Saúde 13 (RRAS 13), sob a perspectiva da integralidade do cuidado, por meio de dois estudos transversais. O Estudo 1, ecológico, contou com dois momentos: o primeiro se valeu do banco de dados proveniente do instrumento de coleta das Avaliações Externas das equipes dessa região, participantes do 1º e/ou 2º ciclo do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade (PMAQ-AB). O segundo momento abrangeu os indicadores de atenção básica de saúde bucal da região, propostos no Contrato Organizativo de Ação Pública (2013-2015) e os pactuados para o monitoramento do 1º e 2º ciclo do PMAQ-AB, obtidos nos bancos do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. O Estudo 2, tipo survey, teve como instrumento de pesquisa um questionário aplicado aos cirurgiões-dentistas que integram as ESB da região em estudo que participaram do 1º e/ou 2º ciclo do PMAQ-AB. Os resultados mostram que as unidades de saúde com equipes de saúde bucal da RRAS 13, possuem, de forma geral, consultórios odontológicos com características estruturais e ambiência adequadas aos padrões estabelecidos pelo programa, bem como equipamentos, instrumentais e insumos suficientes para a realização de atividades clínicas, exceto os relacionados à confecção de próteses dentárias e RX. As equipes de saúde bucal realizavam a maior parte dos procedimentos para o atendimento clínico de saúde bucal, com exceção da reabilitação protética, que permanece principalmente inserida nos serviços especializados e pouco acessível aos usuários. Apesar dos avanços, foram identificadas barreiras no acesso dos usuários e a necessidade de expansão e fortalecimento das ESB, extensão do horário de funcionamento, bem como da reorganização das práticas no que se refere ao trabalho em equipe, apoio da gestão, planejamento das ações, atividades de educação permanente, matriciamento e realização de visitas domiciliares. Fragilidades no fluxo e o longo tempo de espera para atendimento especializado evidenciam a necessidade de estruturação da rede de atenção e fortalecimento da AB como coordenadora do cuidado, na busca pela integralidade do cuidado. O interesse dos cirurgiões-dentistas nesse processo se reflete na alta taxa de retorno dos questionários e na perspectiva positiva, de modo geral, em relação a proposta avaliativa do programa federal. Com os avanços e desafios mostrados nesse estudo, na sua singularidade, espera-se contribuir para o fortalecimento e consolidação da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde e para que o PMAQ-AB cumpra com sua função indutora no sentido de ampliar o acesso e a qualidade das ações de saúde bucal desenvolvidas nesta região, na perspectiva da construção de uma cultura avaliativa, ainda incipiente na área da saúde em nosso paísThe aim of this study was to identify the main advances and challenges in oral health care in the Regional Health Care Network 13, from the perspective of comprehensive care, through two cross-sectional studies. Study 1, is a ecological study, which was divided into two sections: the first used the database of the External Evaluation instrument of health teams of this region that participated of the 1st and/or 2nd cycle of the Brazilian National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care. The second section covered the indicators of basic oral health care of this regions proposed in the Organizational Contract of Public and Health Action (COAP 2013-2015) and those agreed for the monitoring of the 1st and 2nd cycle of the PMAQ-AB obtained in the database of the Brazilian National Health System iformation system. Study 2, is a survey study, had as a research instrument a questionnaire applied to generalist dental surgeon that integrate the health team of the study region that participated in the 1st and / or 2nd cycle of PMAQ-AB. It was identified that the oral health units of RRAS 13 generally have dental offices with structural characteristics and ambience adequate to the standards established by the program, as well as sufficient equipment, instruments and supplies to carry out clinical activities, except those for dental prostheses and RX. Oral health teams performed most of the procedures for clinical oral health care, except for prosthetic rehabilitation, possibly due the permanence os this servisse in secondary care and not accessible to users. Despite the advances, barriers were identified in the access of users and the need to expand and strengthen of the oral health teams, extension of working hours, as well as the reorganization of the practices regarding teamwork, management support, action planning, activities of permanent education, specialist orientation and home visits. Fragilities in the interactions between first and secondary care as the long waiting time for specialized care point out that advances in access and coverage by oral health services are still necessary for structuring the care network and strengthening Primary Health Care as a care coordinator, in the search for integral care. The interest of generalist dental surgeon in this process is reflected in the high rate of return of the questionnaires and in the positive perspective, in general, in relation to the evaluative proposal of the federal program. With the advances and challenges shown in this study, in its singularity, it is hoped to contribute to the strengthening and consolidation of the National Oral Health Policy within the Brazilian Unified Health System and for PMAQ-AB to fulfill its inductive function in the sense of to increase the access and quality of the public oral health actions developed in this region, in the perspective of the construction of an evaluative culture, still incipient in the health area in Brazi

La couverture médiatique de la REDD+

<div><p>Abstract Introduction The Brazilian National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care aims to induce the institution of processes that expand the capacity of federal, state and municipal administrations and Primary Care teams to offer services that ensure greater access and quality. Objective To identify the characteristics of infrastructure for the dental health care of the health units from the Regional Health Care Network 13, from the perspective of a health evaluation. Material and method This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study in which is used the Module V database of the External Evaluation instrument of 156 health units of this region that participated of the 2nd cycle of the referred program, which discuss the modality of the health teams, structure and environment of the dental office, the hours of operation, equipment, instruments and dental supplies. Result In general, the oral health units of this study have dental offices with good structural conditions and sufficient equipment and supplies to carry out clinical activities, except those for dental prostheses, possibly due to the permanence of this service in secondary care. However, they point out that advances in access and coverage by oral health services are still necessary. Conclusion Although the theme includes other studies and reflections, the present work may contribute to discussions about the present condition, and it is recommended the active participation of all the actors involved in the care, in the search for the qualification of oral health services in this region.</p></div

Dental caries in mother-child pairs from Xingu

describe cases of dental caries in Indian mother-child pairs of the middle and lower Xingu River Xingu Indigenous Park. Methods: A total of 246 children aged 3-5 years old and their respective mothers took part in this study. Caries indexes dmft and DMFT were analyzed for deciduous and permanent dentitions, respectively, according to criteria proposed by the World Health Organization. Results: Analysis of the DMFT index showed a mean value of 14.3 for mothers. In mothers aged between 35 and 44 years, tooth loss accounted for more than 80% of the total index score. With regard to the children, dmft index was 4.7, on average, and only 13.4% were caries-free. No significant correlation was found between mother and child caries experience (p = 0.16). Conclusions: These results suggest that it is important to consider the community as a whole, and not only the mother, regarding the oral health of indigenous children. Community should be involved in the planning of strategies for caries prevention and health promotion, taking into account the socio-cultural complexity and specificities of indigenous population and adapt them to the local reality for these strategies to become actually effective

Periodontal status of an indigenous population at the Xingu reserve

Aim : To describe the prevalence of periodontal disease in the indigenous population of the Middle and Lower Xingu compared to the non-indigenous Brazilian population. Methods: The evaluated indigenous population of the Xingu Reserve had oral and dental examinations performed by calibrated examiners assisted by Oral Health Indigenous Agents. From a sample of 2,299 indigenous subjects, epidemiological investigations were conducted in 1,911 individuals, using the methodology recommended by the World Health Organization. Comparative periodontal data from the non-indigenous population were obtained from the Brazilian Ministry of Health′s national epidemiological survey on oral health conditions ("SB Brasil" project). The periodontal data of 508 indigenous individuals were presented by age intervals of 15-19 (n=219), 35-44 (n=128) and 65-74 (n=161) years. Results: In the non-indigenous population, the periodontally healthy individuals were 46.2%, 21.9% and 7.9% for each age group, respectively, and in the Xingu population they were 28.76%, 3.12% and 0% for each age group, respectively. The most frequent finding in the Xingu population was the presence of calculus in 62.55% of younger people, 82.03% of adults and 45.45% of the elderly. The analysis by sextants demonstrated the presence of calculus in 25.04%, 44.79% and 18.18% for young, adults and elderly respectively. Conclusions : Despite the higher prevalence of calculus, in all age groups of the indigenous population, tooth loss does not seem to follow the same pattern observed in the non-indigenous Brazilian population, suggesting differences in susceptibility, habits or conditions

Social participation in Primary Health Care towards the 2030 Agenda

<p></p><p>Abstract Listening to society is an ethical reference to respond to its legitimate needs and aspirations. Considering as presuppositions the social participation and the right to the city, which are part of the 2030 Agenda, this study sought to recognize the voice of users that evaluated PHC services and their attributes. This descriptive and cross-sectional study used national ministerial evaluation data, outlining a region with 323 teams in 80 municipalities in the state of São Paulo and 1,272 users heard by authors. Users were mostly female, over 51 years old, with low income and schooling, eliciting challenges to population aging and selective care. Around 93% were 20 minutes away from health services and opening on Saturdays (43%) and at night (38%) would facilitate access. Some 60% were received without scheduling and 62% did not consider services prepared for urgent care. Some 85% received Community Health Workers and 40% other professionals, suggesting disparities in the incorporation of the territory to the care production process. In line with National Primary Health Care Policy and what is recommended by international conferences, social participation was recognized as a way to address the multiple aspects in the construction of universal health.</p><p></p