Studium vlastností aerosolů s vysokým časovým rozlišením

Tato práce se zabývá fyzikálními a chemickými vlastnostmi atmosférického aerosolu studovaných s vysokým časovým rozlišením na měřících stanicích v České republice. Velikostní distribuce, chemické složení a těkavost submikronových aerosolových částic byly studovány ve vztahu k meteorologickým podmínkám a dalším okolnostem. Pro dosažení větší proměnlivosti okolních podmínek byl zkoumán atmosférický aerosol během dvou ročních období (léto a zima) a na dvou lokalitách (městská pozaďová stanice Praha Suchdol a pozaďová stanice Košetice). Díky tomu bylo možné lépe rozlišit vliv sezónních zdrojů například domácích topenišť v zimě a biogenních emisí během léta. Dále byly vlastnosti aerosolových částic ovlivněny sezónními rozdíly v meteorologických podmínkách (především teplota, vlhkost a sluneční záření). Porovnání vlastností aerosolu na dvou různých lokalitách, konkrétně na městské pozaďové a pozaďové stanici, umožnilo lépe popsat význam pozaďového aerosolu a vlivu města. Tato práce se také zabývá přeměnou aerosolových částic přecházejících z vnějšího do vnitřního prostředí, konkrétně například vlivem gradientu teploty a vlhkosti na tento proces. Měření s vysokým časovým rozlišením umožnilo odhalit mechanismy dynamiky aerosolů, které nebyly popsány v předchozích studiích s nižším časovým rozlišením.This thesis focuses on physical and chemical characteristics of atmospheric aerosol measured with high time resolution. Size distribution, chemical composition, and volatility of submicron particles were studied in relation to meteorological conditions and other factors. To reach higher variability in ambient conditions, we considered atmospheric aerosol during two seasons of the year (summer and winter) and at two different locations (suburban site Prague Suchdol and rural site Košetice). Measurement during two different seasons enabled us to better distinguish the influence of seasonal sources such as domestic heating in winter and increased biogenic emissions in summer. Also, seasonal differences in meteorological conditions mainly in case of temperature, humidity, and solar radiation were shown to play a role in aerosol characteristics. A comparison of aerosol properties at two different measurement sites, namely a rural and suburban, enabled us to better characterize the role of background aerosol and the influence of the city. Furthermore, a transformation of aerosol particles entering indoors from outdoors was also studied within this thesis. The influence of indoor/outdoor temperature and humidity gradient as well as presence of new particle formation events on the indoor/outdoor ratio was...Ústav pro životní prostředíInstitute for Environmental StudiesPřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

Changes in Composition of Submicron Particular Matter of Atmospheric Aerosol During 2013 New Year´s Celebration

In this work we investigated rapid changes in chemical composition of PM1 fraction during the celebrations of New Year 2013. The measurements were carried out at the urban background site Prague-Suchdol. The compact Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (c-ToF-AMS, Aerodyne), Drewnick et al. (2005), was used to analyze highly time-resolved samples of non-refractory aerosol components. We focused on four episodes with significantly elevated total aerosol mass concentration. We assume that the increased concentrations are due to: smoke plume from wood burning in Episode 1, fireworks in Episode 2, arrival of another air mass in Episode 3, and an uncategorized source of poly-aromatic hydrocarbons in Episode 4. The highest attention was given to the time interval between 00:20 and 2:20 a.m. on the New Year (marked in Figure 1 as Episode 2) as the aerosol composition was significantly affected by the occurring annual celebrations. In this period, the most significant increase in mass concentration was observed by sulfate, chlorides, and potassium (involved in the mass spectra for fragment 39). At the same time, nitrate and ammonium were unaffected. Those trends were compared to other measurements with c-ToF-AMS during annual celebrations, Drewnick et al

Detailed Study of Fine Particulate Matter during 2013 New Year’s Celebrations

In this work we investigated rapid changes in chemical composition of fine particulate matter during the celebrations of New Year 2013. The measurements were carried out at the urban background site Prague-Suchdol. The compact time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (c-ToF-AMS, Aerodyne), Drewnick et al (2005), was used to analyze highly time-resolved samples of non-refractory aerosol components. We focused on four episodes with significantly elevated total aerosol mass concentration

Seasonal Differences in Volatility of Atmospheric Aerosol at a rural measurement site Košetice.

Volatility is an important characteristics of atmospheric aerosol because it affects formation, conversion and removal of aerosol particles. This study deals with differences in volatility of atmospheric aerosol at rural measurement site Košetice. Analyzes are based on high-time measurements of atmospheric aerosol, including an aerosol mass spectrometer and a scanning mobility particle sizer. Not only the time variation of mass concentration, but also the daily course of pollutants and the influence of meteorological conditions are discussed

Comparison of Summer and Winter Submicron Aerosol Composition Studied by the Aerosol Mass Spectrometer

This abstract summarizes the results of two measurement campaigns conducted at a Prague background station Suchdol with focus on data from the compact-Time of Flight-Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (c-ToF-AMS). The data were collected during summer 2012 and winter 2013

Seasonal Differences in Chemical Composition of Atmospheric Aerosol Studied with High Resolution in Prague

The compact-Time of Flight-Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) was used to describe seasonal differences in atmospheric aerosol at a Prague suburban site. The data were compared with measurements done with other instruments such as Sunset organic and elemental carbon analyzer, TSI Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS), and results from ion chromatography, and with meteorological model

Comparison of Atmospheric Aerosol Volatility at a Rural Site in Central Europe.

Volatility is an important characteristic of atmospheric aerosols as it affects their origin, lifetime and removal. Accurate description of aerosol volatilities is important for models calculating condensation of semi-volatile species and it also enables better identification of aerosol sources (Wu et al., 2009). However, our understanding of volatilities of organic atmospheric aerosols and the related processes is still rather poor (Han et al., 2016

Study of aerosol properties with high time resolution

This thesis focuses on physical and chemical characteristics of atmospheric aerosol measured with high time resolution. Size distribution, chemical composition, and volatility of submicron particles were studied in relation to meteorological conditions and other factors. To reach higher variability in ambient conditions, we considered atmospheric aerosol during two seasons of the year (summer and winter) and at two different locations (suburban site Prague Suchdol and rural site Košetice). Measurement during two different seasons enabled us to better distinguish the influence of seasonal sources such as domestic heating in winter and increased biogenic emissions in summer. Also, seasonal differences in meteorological conditions mainly in case of temperature, humidity, and solar radiation were shown to play a role in aerosol characteristics. A comparison of aerosol properties at two different measurement sites, namely a rural and suburban, enabled us to better characterize the role of background aerosol and the influence of the city. Furthermore, a transformation of aerosol particles entering indoors from outdoors was also studied within this thesis. The influence of indoor/outdoor temperature and humidity gradient as well as presence of new particle formation events on the indoor/outdoor ratio was..

Comparison of Summer and Winter Highly Time-Resolved Submicron Aerosol Composition Measured at a Suburban Site in Prague

We analyzed c-ToF-AMS data from a summer (20. 6.–31. 7. 2012) and winter (8. 1.–19. 2. 2013) measurement campaign at a suburban site Prague-Suchdol. The observed chemical composition with dominating organics in both seasons was in accordance with previous measurements at this site.The modal diameter of size distribution occurred at higher values during episodes of increased total concentration and decreased temperature. Furthermore, we compared the AMS data with organic carbon elemental carbon field analyzer (OC/EC) measurement. This comparison together with analysis of particular organic fragments revealed that winter aerosol was less oxidized and more influenced by biomass burning. Such characteristics point to an influence of local domestic heating in winter