Study of the main body dimensions that are used in the selection process, in the reproductive nucleus of the Nonius horse from Izvin studfarm

Regarding to a population, the average of phenotypic value is equal with average of genotypic value and that minds that the study of average performances in a population have a huge importance. So, the studies of the average values of characters offer us an idea about the population genetic level. This study have the principal purpose to analyse main body dimensions who are used in selection process: withers height, thoracyc perimether and cannon bone perimether, through the integration of individs in an evaluation class, in accordance with selection methodology. The biological material is represented by 35 Nonius horses, 4 males and 31 females, at different ages, owned by Izvin stood farm, representing the entire reproductive nucleus. The average performances of characters are presented in the paper. We can observe a small grade of variability with some differences between sexes. The average performances of the characters are between characteristic limits of the breed

Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids: A Comprehensive Review of Natural Occurring Compounds and Their Synthetic Derivatives

This comprehensive scientific review provides an in-depth analysis of both the natural compounds, pyrethrins, and their synthetic derivatives, pyrethroids, focusing on their classification, biosynthesis, mechanism of action, general and pharmaceutical uses, as well as their toxicity and environmental impact. Pyrethrins, derived from certain plant species, have long been recognized for their potent insecticidal properties. The review begins by examining the classification of pyrethrins and pyrethroids, elucidating their structural characteristics and unique features within the field of natural and synthetic compounds. The biosynthetic pathways responsible for producing pyrethrins in plants are discussed, highlighting the enzymatic reactions and genetic regulation involved. In addition, the synthesis of pyrethroid derivatives is explored, including both natural and synthetic sources and potential optimization strategies. Understanding the mechanisms of action by which pyrethrins and pyrethroids exert their insecticidal effects is a crucial aspect of this review. Complex interactions with the nervous systems of target organisms are examined, providing insights into their selective toxicity and modes of action. In addition, the various applications of these compounds are explored, from their use in agriculture for pest control to their incorporation into household insecticides and potential pharmaceutical applications. The review also critically evaluates the potential toxicity of pyrethrins and pyrethroids to human health. By consolidating current knowledge and research findings, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the properties and applications of pyrethrins and pyrethroids, highlighting their benefits and risks, and the importance of responsible and sustainable use in various areas