Reciclagem de resíduos têxteis: uma revisão: Textile waste recycling: a review

A área têxtil tem uma parcela significativa nas indústrias, com etapas de processos que vão desde a cultura da fibra, fiação, tecelagem, enobrecimento e beneficiamento, até a confecção dos produtos têxteis, esses utilizados para desenvolvimentos de produtos de todos tipos. Essas indústrias geram significativa quantidade de resíduos durante o processo produtivo, mas na confecção está a problemática das sobras de tecidos, com produção global estimada em torno de 150 milhões de toneladas por ano, sendo 85% desses, destinados de forma incorreta. Diante desse problema, é iminente repensar esses resíduos, transformando-os a partir de algum método de reciclagem ou de reaproveitamento, utilizando-os como matéria prima para outros processos. As soluções usuais para os resíduos têxteis é a destinação como desfibrados para serem utilizados como isolantes térmicos ou acústicos na indústria da construção civil e para enchimentos de artefatos como almofadas, por exemplo. Isto decorre da dificuldade de encontrar meios adequados de separação das misturas de fibras já que as composições dos tecidos usualmente são mistas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar estudos sobre reciclagem de tecidos por meios químicos e mecânicos, por meio de estudos da literatura.  A metodologia usada nesta pesquisa foi RSL - Revisão sistemática de literatura, em que foram selecionados trabalhos que abordaram a reciclagem de material têxtil. O panorama atualizado destas informações pode contribuir para novos esforços direcionados à reciclagem têxtil. Os resultados obtidos dão conta de um esforço contínuo, com destaque às questões de reciclagem química em tecidos mistos, grande impedimento para processos simplificados de reciclagem. Têm-se muitas iniciativas interessantes e promissoras a serem avaliadas

Early bronchopulmonary involvement in Crohn disease: a case report

BACKGROUND: Bronchopulmonary manifestations of Crohn disease have been rarely described in children, including both subclinical pulmonary involvement and severe lung disease. CASE PRESENTATION: A 6.5-year-old girl is described with early recurrent bronchopulmonary symptoms both at presentation and in the quiescent phase of Crohn disease. Pulmonary function tests (lung volumes and flows, bronchial reactivity and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity) were normal. Bronchoalveolar cytology showed increased (30%) lymphocyte counts and bronchial biopsy revealed thickening of basal membrane and active chronic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical and histological findings in our young patient suggest involvement of both distal and central airways in an early phase of lung disease. The pathogenesis of Crohn disease-associated lung disorders is discussed with reference to the available literature. A low threshold for pulmonary evaluation seems to be advisable in all children with CD

Links Between Teachers’ Liking of Students, Peer Inclusion, and Students’ Academic Achievement: A Two-Wave Longitudinal Study

Students who are more liked by their teachers tend to be included by their peers and to perform successfully at school. Yet, very little is known whether peer inclusion can mediate the effect of teachers' liking of students on students' academic achievement. Teachers from Grades 5 and 6 reported their liking of each student and academic achievement (N = 1209; 49% females), whereas peers rated the inclusion of classmates. Results from a multilevel growth curve model revealed that, only at the individual level, higher values of peer inclusion mediated the association between teachers' liking of students and academic achievement over time. This study provides new insights into the complex associations between teachers' liking of students and academic achievement during early adolescence

MYC up-regulation confers vulnerability to dual inhibition of CDK12 and CDK13 in high-risk Group 3 medulloblastoma

Background: Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common cerebellar malignancy during childhood. Among MB, MYC-amplified Group 3 tumors display the worst prognosis. MYC is an oncogenic transcription factor currently thought to be undruggable. Nevertheless, targeting MYC-dependent processes (i.e. transcription and RNA processing regulation) represents a promising approach. Methods: We have tested the sensitivity of MYC-driven Group 3 MB cells to a pool of transcription and splicing inhibitors that display a wide spectrum of targets. Among them, we focus on THZ531, an inhibitor of the transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 12 and 13. High-throughput RNA-sequencing analyses followed by bioinformatics and functional analyses were carried out to elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the susceptibility of Group 3 MB to CDK12/13 chemical inhibition. Data from International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and other public databases were mined to evaluate the functional relevance of the cellular pathway/s affected by the treatment with THZ531 in Group 3 MB patients. Results: We found that pharmacological inhibition of CDK12/13 is highly selective for MYC-high Group 3 MB cells with respect to MYC-low MB cells. We identified a subset of genes enriched in functional terms related to the DNA damage response (DDR) that are up-regulated in Group 3 MB and repressed by CDK12/13 inhibition. Accordingly, MYC- and CDK12/13-dependent higher expression of DDR genes in Group 3 MB cells limits the toxic effects of endogenous DNA lesions in these cells. More importantly, chemical inhibition of CDK12/13 impaired the DDR and induced irreparable DNA damage exclusively in MYC-high Group 3 MB cells. The augmented sensitivity of MYC-high MB cells to CDK12/13 inhibition relies on the higher elongation rate of the RNA polymerase II in DDR genes. Lastly, combined treatments with THZ531 and DNA damage-inducing agents synergically suppressed viability of MYC-high Group 3 MB cells. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that CDK12/13 activity represents an exploitable vulnerability in MYC-high Group 3 MB and may pave the ground for new therapeutic approaches for this high-risk brain tumor