Generation of intersubtype human immunodeficiency virus type 1 recombinants in env gene in vitro: Influences in the biological behavior and in the establishment of productive infections

The occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) recombinant genomes belonging to different subtypes is a common event in regions where more than two subtypes cocirculate. Although there are accumulating data toward an increase in the number of intersubtype recombinants, little has been addressed about the biological behavior of such mosaic genomes. This work reports the biological characterization of engineered in vitro HIV-1 intersubtype recombinants in the gp120 region. the recombinants possess the entire gp120 of B or F Brazilian Isolates in the Z6 (subtype D) backbone. Hers we show that this type of recombinant structure results in profound impairment to the establishment of productive infections in CD4-positive cells. the characterization of biological properties of those recombinant viruses demonstrated viral production occurring only during a transient peak early on infection and that they are not able to down-regulate the expression of CD4 receptor on the cell surface. We also report the phenotype reversion of one recombinant virus studied here, after 62 days in culture. Two amino acid substitutions in highly constant gp120 regions (C1 and C4) were identified in the revertant virus. the mutation occurring in the C4 region is localized near two amino acid residues critical for gp120/CD4 interaction. Based on these data, we suggest that failure in CD4 down-modulation by recombinant viruses can be due to a structural dysfunction of gp160 protein unable to block CD4 at the endoplasmic reticule. the possibilities that the establishment of latent infections can be directly related to the continuous expression of CD4 on the infected cell surface and that the occurrence of mutations in amino acid nearby residues critical for gp120/CD4 interaction can restore the fully productive infectious process are discussed. (C) 2000 Academic Press.Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biol, Dept Genet, Mol Virol Lab, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Disciplina Doencas Infecciosas & Parasitarias, Lab Retrovirol,UNIFESP,EPM, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Disciplina Doencas Infecciosas & Parasitarias, Lab Retrovirol,UNIFESP,EPM, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Caracterização de pacientes hipertensos resistentes frente adesão terapêutica na baixada litorânea do Rio de Janeiro

The aim was to characterize the sociodemographic and clinical profile of resistant hypertensive patients with regard to therapeutic adherence. Descriptive, cross-sectional study with 100 patients assisted at an Attention Center in Cabo Frio-RJ. Data were collected between September and October 2019. The information contained in a data collection instrument related to sociodemographic and clinical data was analyzed. A predominance of the female gender was identified 70 (70%); elderly 77 (77%); retired 43 (43%); diagnosed with SAH for more than 30 years 24 (24%); having associated comorbidities, the main one being Diabetes Mellitus 61 (61%); overweight 32 (32%). In the routine related to pharmacological therapy, it was identified that (85-85%) of the patients use the medications faithfully, 91 (91%) without the same reaction. The results show limitations regarding non-pharmacological adherence, especially weight control, maintenance of dietary planning and stress control.Objetivou-se caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de pacientes hipertensos resistentes no que se refere a adesão terapêutica. Estudo descritivo, transversal com 100 pacientes assistidos em um Centro de Atenção em Cabo Frio-RJ. Os dados foram coletados entre setembro e outubro de 2019. Foram analisadas as informações contidas em instrumento de coleta de dados referente a dados sociodemográficos e clínicos. Identificou-se uma predominância do gênero feminino 70(70%); idosos 77(77%); aposentados 43(43%); diagnosticados com HAS há mais de 30 anos 24(24%); tendo comorbidades associadas, sendo a principal, Diabetes Mellitus 61(61%); sobrepeso 32(32%). Na rotina relacionada a terapia farmacológica identificou-se que (85-85%) dos pacientes utilizam as medicações fielmente, 91(91%) sem reação a mesma. Os resultados evidenciam limitações no que tange a adesão não farmacológica, em destaque o controle do peso, manutenção do planejamento alimentar e controle do estresse

Uso das Pironofatoquinona como antiviral; composição farmacêutica contendo as Piranonaftoquinonas; medicamento contendo as Piranonaftoquinonas para tratamento de infecções causadas por virus da dengue

DepositadaDescreve o uso das Piranonaftoquinonas, assim como seus derivados, seus isômeros e seus sais como um agente antiviral, por inibir as enzimas ATPases viral. Além disso, também, faz parte desta invenção uma composição farmacêutica contendo as Piranonaftoquinonas descritas

Fibrossarcoma em sítio de osteossíntese de fêmur com pino e placa em um felino

A 6-year old spayed female Siamese cat was presented with a history of left limb acute lameness. Radiographic imaging revealed a complete comminuted diaphyseal femur fracture, which was corrected through intramedullary pin placement along with plate osteosynthesis. After two months the animal returned to the hospital presenting severe diffuse enlargement of the left hindlimb, characterized as a non-delimited, solid, and firm plaque-like mass surrounding the pin and bone, which extended from the femorotibiopatelar joint to the pelvis, and infiltrated the adjacent musculature. Incisional biopsy exam indicated a highly malignant sarcoma. The entire limb was surgically removed and sent to histopathological evaluation. Microscopically, the mass was composed of spindle shaped cells, displaying high pleomorphism and cellular atypia. Abundant collagen production was evidenced through Masson’s trichrome stain and strong cytoplasmic staining for vimentin. These results were consistent with fibrosarcoma. The cat went through one session of chemotherapy; however, tumor recurrence occurred 20 days later, and the animal was submitted to euthanasia. This is the first description of fibrosarcoma arising in the vicinity of an intramedullary pin and plate in a cat.Uma gata, castrada, 6 anos de idade, da raça Siamês, apresentou histórico clínico de claudicação aguda do membro pélvico esquerdo. O exame radiográfico revelou uma fratura completa cominutiva diafisária do fêmur, a qual foi corrigida através de osteossíntese pela implantação de um pino intramedular, além de placa metálica. Depois de dois meses, o felino retornou ao hospital apresentando aumento severo e difuso do membro pélvico, caracterizada por uma massa não delimitada, sólida, como uma placa, circundando o pino e o osso, a qual se estendia da articulação femorotibiopatelar até a pelve, e infiltrava a musculatura adjacente. A biópsia incisional indicou sarcoma de alta malignidade. O membro inteiro foi cirurgicamente removido e enviado para análise histopatológica. Microscopicamente, a massa era composta por células fusiformes, demonstrando alto pleomorfismo e atipia celular. Abundante produção de colágeno foi evidenciada através da técnica histoquímica de tricrômico de Masson e forte imunomarcação citoplasmática para vimentina. Esses resultados foram consistentes com fibrossarcoma. O felino foi submetido a uma sessão de quimioterapia, porém houve recorrência tumoral 20 dias após a sessão, e o paciente foi submetido a eutanásia. Essa é a primeira descrição de fibrossarcoma que surgiu em local próximo a implantação de pino intramedular e placa em um felino

Increased Serum Alkaline Phosphatase in a FeLV-Positive Cat

Background: Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) is an oncogenic virus that usually invades bone marrow causing non-regenerative anemia and thrombocytopenia. In FeLV positive cats, the myeloid leukemia is characterized by intense proliferation of blast cells in a bone marrow with myeloid precursor predominance and several malignancies degree. The leukocyte alkaline phosphatase is found secondary granules of mature neutrophils of humans, horses and cows but not in dogs and cats,which demonstrate the enzyme activity in myeloblast and promyeloblasts cells. In this case is describing a FeLV-positive case with leukemic disorder accompanied by extremely high levels of serum alkaline phosphatase.Case: A 8-year-old castrated male Domestic Short Hair cat with a 3-month history of convulsions, pica, vomits, lethargy, hypodipsia and anorexia was examined and showed mild dehydration, severe jaundice and hyperpnoea. Laboratory results evidenced severe normocytic hypochromic non-regenerative anemia, moderated leukocytosis with severe degenerativeneutrophil left shift, moderated lymphocytosis and severe thrombocytopenia. Serum biochemical profle showed mild hyperalbuminemia, moderated increment in alanine transaminase and severe increment in alkaline phosphatese. The cat waspositive for ELISA point of care FeLV antigen and negative for FIV antibodies. Urinalysis revealed moderated bilirubinuria and proteinuria. The bone marrow cytology showed high cellularity, increased of M:E ratio, rare megakaryocyte lineage, erythroid hypoplasia, myeloid hyperplasia with blast excess and dysgranulopoiesis.Discussion: FeLV is a virus that usually causes cytopenias and in this case this was well evidenced through a severe non regenerative anemia and thrombocytopenia. Generally, anemia is a non-neoplastic complication of FeLV mainly related to suppressive effects hematopoietic and stromal cells of the bone marrow. Nevertheless, in this case, the anemia also maybe attributable to the observed acute myeloid leukemia. Neutrophilia is an uncommon fnding in FeLV-infected cats, even more with the severe degenerative left shift as in the present case. This fnding could be associated to a myeloid hyperplasia. Some biochemical alterations, as hyperalbuminemia and increment in values of serum ALT could be explained by clinical observations like dehydration and some degree of hepatic enlargement, respectively. However, the excessive value forserum alkaline phosphatase activity is an unpublished fnding in cats. In humans high levels of ALP has been associated with neutrophilia and it is quite likely that a great amount of degenerative neutrophils may contribute for high leakage of ALP than in other circumstances of neutrophilia. This is the frst report of a FeLV-positive cat exhibiting extremely high serum values of the enzyme ALP, possibly attributable to acute myeloid leukemia.Keywords: neutrophilia, cytopenia, non-regenerative anemia, acute leukemia

The Human Development Index (HDI) can modify the prevalence of intestinal parasites in population of the same city?

A educação da população, relacionada às parasitoses intestinais, é importante mesmo nos grandes centros urbanos do Brasil. O objetivo foi avaliar a prevalência de enteroparasitoses em laboratórios de duas instituições (pública e privada), tanto no aspecto quantitativo quanto qualitativo, correlacionando com o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH). Analisaram-se 6.268 exames parasitológicos de fezes, 4.531 (72,3%) da UNIMED-SE e 1.737 (27,7%) do HU-UFS, sendo que dos da UNIMED-SE, 1.130 (24,9%) apresentaram parasitos, e do HU-UFS, 823 (47,4%). As crianças até 12 anos tiveram a maior prevalência, com 27,4%, e o parasito mais encontrado foi o A. lumbricoides. O método parasitológico de sedimentação espontânea foi o mais utilizado, com 99,7%. Percentualmente, os indivíduos atendidos no HU-UFS apresentaram maior positividade nos exames de fezes, explicando-se pelo fato de atender uma população com menores níveis socioeconômico e culturais. Diante do exposto, este trabalho analisou a relação do IDH, enfatizando as desigualdades sociais, devido aos menores cuidados com a higiene, e os fatores ambientais, com a prevalência das parasitoses. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: The education of the population, related to intestinal parasitic infections, it is important even in large urban centers in Brazil. The objective was to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in laboratories of two institutions (public and private), both in quantitative aspect as qualitative, correlated Human Development Index (HDI). Analyzed 6,268 examinations parasitological feces, 4,531 (72.3%) of the UNIMED-SE e 1,737 (27.7%) the HU-UFS, of the UNIMED-SE, 1,130 (24.9%) presented parasites, and the HU-UFS, 823 (47.4%). Children up to 12 years had the greatest prevalence with 27.4%, and the parasitic more found was A. lumbricoides. The method spontaneous sedimentation parasitological was the most used, with 99.7%. The socioeconomic levels and cultural unequal can infl uence the intensity of exposure to environmental factors and individual, in low hygiene conditions, refl ecting the value of the HDI with the prevalence of parasitic diseases. Percentage of way, the individuals treated at the HU-UFS presented higher positivity in the examinations of feces, explaining the fact that service a population with the lowest socioeconomic and cultural. In the face of the above, this work analyzes the relationship of IDH, emphasizing the social inequalities, due to the lower care with the hygiene, and environmental factors, with the prevalence of parasitic diseases

O engatinhar: um estudo da idade de seu aparecimento e de sua relação com a aquisição da marcha

The present research aimed to investigate the age of appearance of crawling, its relationship with the walking acquisition. Thirty-five normal children between 5 and 13 months of age were selected from São Carlos' day-care, whose crawling and walking were not yet stated. The children were observed during 7 months and the ages of appearance of the motor behaviors were recorded in specific evaluation index cards. Statistical Survival Analysis of the data showed that most of the children began to crawl between 7 to 10 months of age (81%) and the largest probability of incidence occurred at the 7"' month (24%). Walking appeared between 10 and 15 months of age (83%); its largest probability of incidence occurred at the 13 month (21%). Just 5.7 % of all children did not present crawling as a transient mode of locomotion. Results obtained in the present study suggested an anticipation of the crawling acquisition when compared to findings of searched literature. Furthermore, the minimum latency period of 3 months between both motor behaviors seems to indicate that the crawling experience is a pre - requisite to gain the walking acquisition. Research was developed under permission of parents, according to the resolution 1/88 from CNS.O estudo investigou a idade de emergência do comportamento engatinhar e sua relação com a aquisição da marcha. Foram selecionadas 35 crianças normais, dos berçários da cidade de São Carlos, com idades entre 5 e 13 meses, que ainda não apresentavam o engatinhar e a marcha. Estas foram observadas por um período de 7 meses e os comportamentos motores, bem como a época de seus aparecimentos, foram registrados em fichas de avaliação. Através do teste Análise de Sobrevivência, evidenciou-se que a maioria das crianças iniciou o engatinhar entre o 7o e 10° meses de vida (71%), sendo que a maior probabilidade de incidência ocorreu no 7o mês (24%). A marcha iniciou-se entre o 10°e 15° meses de idade (83%), com maior probabilidade de incidência no 13" mês (21%). Apenas 5,7% da amostra não apresentou o engatinhar como forma transitória de locomoção. Os dados obtidos sugerem uma antecipação do início do engatinhar em relação aos achados da literatura. Além disso, diante da existência de um período de latência mínimo de 3 meses entre os comportamentos motores estudados, parece que a experiência do engatinhar constitui um pré-requisito para a aquisição da marcha. Pesquisa desenvolvida com anuência dos responsáveis pelos participantes do estudo, de acordo com a resolução 01/88 do CNS

AVALIAÇÃO MORFOLÓGICA E MORFOMÉTRICA DO ÚTERO DE CAMUNDONGOS FÊMEAS APÓS USO DE EXTRATO DE GRAVIOLA

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Annona muricata extract on the uterus of female mice by macro and microscopic analyzes. Twenty female mice were randomly assigned to four groups: control (saline solution), cyclophosphamide, and soursop leaf extract at two different concentrations (50 and 100 mg/kg). After seven days of the experiment, the females were euthanized and their wombs were collected and submitted for to macroscopic analysis, followed by histological processing for morphological and morphometric analyses of uterine layers and endometrial glands. The macroscopic characteristics of the uterus were maintained in all groups evaluated. Microscopically, no pathological changes were identified in the uterine cells. However, there was a significant increase in the myometrium layer after the treatment with cyclophosphamide (p<0.05). The internal endometrial glands diameter was significantly smaller in both groups treated with A. muricata extract compared to the control group (p<0.05), while the total glands diameter was significantly smaller only at the highest concentration of A. muricata extract compared to the control group (p<0.05). The administration of A. muricata leaf extract did not cause morphological changes to the uterus. Thus, the extract did not present uterine toxicity under the conditions evaluated.O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do extrato de Annona muricata no útero de camundongos fêmeas por meio de análises macro e microscópicas. Vinte camundongos fêmeas foram aleatoriamente distribuídas em quatro grupos: controle (solução salina), ciclofosfamida e extrato de folhas de graviola em duas concentrações diferentes (50 e 100mg/kg). Após sete dias de experimento, as fêmeas foram eutanasiadas e seus úteros coletados e submetidos a análise macroscópica, seguida de processamento histológico para análises morfológicas e morfométricas das camadas do útero e das glândulas endometriais. As características macroscópicas do útero foram mantidas em todos os grupos avaliados. Microscopicamente, não foram identificadas alterações patológicas nas células uterinas. No entanto, houve um aumento significativo na camada do miométrio após o tratamento com ciclofosfamida (p<0,05). O diâmetro interno das glândulas endometriais foi significativamente menor em ambos os grupos tratados com extrato de A. muricata quando comparados ao grupo controle (p<0,05), enquanto o diâmetro total das glândulas foi significativamente menor somente na maior concentração de extrato de A. muricata quando comparado ao grupo controle (p<0,05). A administração do extrato de folhas de A. muricata não causou alterações morfológicas ao útero. Desta forma, o extrato não apresentou toxicidade uterina nas condições avaliadas

ANÁLISE DOS INDICADORES DE NEOPLASIA MALIGNA DE PRÓSTATA NO BRASIL ENTRE MARÇO DE 2023 A MARÇO DE 2024

INTRODUCTION: Prostate cancer, common in men after the age of 50, originates in the prostate gland, important in the production of seminal fluid. Its incidence increases with age and risk factors include advanced age, family history, ethnicity, high-fat diet and sedentary lifestyle. Genetic and environmental factors influence its carcinogenesis. Malignant transformation of glandular epithelial cells results in uncontrolled growth, invasion, and metastasis. Androgens, especially testosterone, are crucial in its progression. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to quantify and analyze the rates of hospitalizations, deaths and mortality rates due to malignant prostate neoplasia in Brazil. METHODOLOGY: : This is a retrospective study with a quantitative approach, carried out based on data collection by the SUS Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS), made available by the secondary database of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (TABNET/DATASUS).  The data studied referred to hospitalizations, deaths and the mortality rate due to malignant prostate neoplasia in Brazil in the period between March 2023 and March 2024. The analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, tabulation in a Microsoft Excel 2016 spreadsheet arranged in tables using Microsoft Word 10. RESULTS: Data analysis indicates that, although there is a significant discrepancy in the rates of prostate cancer mortality among the different regions of Brazil, all face considerable challenges. The North Region demands particular attention due to its high mortality rate, while the other regions also require continuous efforts to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, aiming to further reduce mortality rates. CONCLUSION: Regional disparities in prostate cancer in Brazil require specific approaches. The North Region needs urgent improvements in access and early diagnosis, while the Northeast Region stands out as a model. The Southeast faces challenges, and the South and Central-West have worrying rates. Investments in infrastructure, training and awareness are essential, as are advances in treatment.INTRODUÇÃO: O câncer de próstata, comum em homens após os 50 anos, origina-se na glândula prostática, importante na produção de fluido seminal. Sua incidência cresce com a idade e fatores de risco incluem idade avançada, histórico familiar, etnia, dieta rica em gorduras e estilo de vida sedentário. Fatores genéticos e ambientais influenciam sua carcinogênese. A transformação maligna das células epiteliais glandulares resulta em crescimento descontrolado, invasão e metástase. Os andrógenos, especialmente a testosterona, são cruciais na sua progressão. OBJETIVO: Este estudo visa quantificar e analisar as taxas de internações, óbitos e taxa de mortalidade por neoplasia maligna de próstata no Brasil. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo com abordagem quantitativa, realizado a partir de coleta de dados pelo Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS (SIH/SUS), disponibilizados pela base de dados secundária do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (TABNET/DATASUS). Os dados estudados referiam-se às internações, aos óbitos e à taxa de mortalidade por neoplasia maligna da próstata no Brasil no período entre março de 2023 e março de 2024. A  análise  foi  realizada  por  estatística  descritiva, tabulação em planilha eletrônica do programa Microsoft Excel 2016 disposta em tabelas pelo Microsoft Word 10. RESULTADOS: A análise dos dados indica que, embora haja uma discrepância significativa nas taxas de mortalidade por câncer de próstata entre as diversas regiões do Brasil, todas enfrentam desafios consideráveis. A Região Norte demanda atenção particular devido à sua elevada taxa de mortalidade, enquanto as demais regiões também requerem esforços contínuos para aprimorar o diagnóstico e tratamento da doença, visando à redução adicional das taxas de mortalidade. CONCLUSÃO: As disparidades regionais no câncer de próstata no Brasil exigem abordagens específicas. A Região Norte precisa de melhorias urgentes no acesso e diagnóstico precoce, enquanto a Região Nordeste destaca-se como modelo. O Sudeste enfrenta desafios, e Sul e Centro-Oeste têm taxas preocupantes. Investimentos em infraestrutura, capacitação e conscientização são essenciais, assim como avanços no tratamento

Whole Body Vibration Exercises and the Improvement of the Flexibility in Patient with Metabolic Syndrome

Vibrations produced in oscillating/vibratory platform generate whole body vibration (WBV) exercises, which are important in sports, as well as in treating diseases, promoting rehabilitation, and improving the quality of life. WBV exercises relevantly increase the muscle strength, muscle power, and the bone mineral density, as well as improving the postural control, the balance, and the gait. An important number of publications are found in the PubMed database with the keyword “flexibility” and eight of the analyzed papers involving WBV and flexibility reached a level of evidence II. The biggest distance between the third finger of the hand to the floor (DBTFF) of a patient with metabolic syndrome (MS) was found before the first session and was considered to be 100%. The percentages to the other measurements in the different sessions were determined to be related to the 100%. It is possible to see an immediate improvement after each session with a decrease of the %DBTFF. As the presence of MS is associated with poorer physical performance, a simple and safe protocol using WBV exercises promoted an improvement of the flexibility in a patient with MS