1,418 research outputs found
Matrix Isolation Infrared Spectra of Hydrogen Halide and Halogen Complexes with Nitrosyl Halides
Matrix isolation infrared spectra of nitrosyl halide (XNO)
complexes with HX and X2 (X = Cl, Br) are presented. The r elative
frequency shifts of the HX mode are modest (ClNO · H-Cl, !\u27:..:v/v =
= - 0.045; BrNO·H-Br, Av/v = ·-0.026), indicating weak hydrogen
bonds 1-3 kcal/mo!. These shifts are accompanied by significant
shifts to higher frequencies in the XN-0 stretching mode
(CIN-O·HCl, Av/v = +0.016; BrN-O·HBr, Av/v = +0.011). Similar
.;hifts were observed for the XN-0 · X2 complexes (ClN-0 Cl2,
Aviv = +0.009; BrN-0-Br2, Av/v = +0.013). In all four complexes,
the X- NO stretching mode relative shift is opposite in sign and
about 1.6 times that of the NO stretching mode.
These four complexes are considered to be similar in structure
and charge distribution. The XN- 0 frequency shift suggests that
complex formation is accompanied by charge withdrawal from the
NO bond ranging from about .04 to .07 electron charges. The HX
and X2 molecules act as electron acceptors, drawing electrons out
of the antibonding orbital of NO and strengthening the XN-0
bond. The implications of the pattern of vibrational shifts concerning
the structure of the complexes are discussed
REENGINEERING: A FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATION AND CASE STUDY OF AN IMAGING SYSTEM
Reengineering or business process redesign has become
very popular. This paper presents a framework for comparing
and evaluating reengineering efforts. The framework is
applied to a case study of the reengineering of the
securities processing function at Merrill Lynch. The paper
compares the old and new process at Merrill. The new
process features image capture, character recognition and
extensive redesign. The reengineering effort has had a
substantial payback for the firm.Information Systems Working Papers Serie
RE-ENGINEERING: A FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS AND CASE STUDY OF AN IMAGING SYSTEM
Re-engineering or business process redesign has become
very popular. This paper presents a clear description of
re-engineering and contrasts it with incremental change in
systems. The paper also develops a framework for comparing
two related systems. The framework is applied to a case
study of the re-engineering of the Merrill Lynch Securities
Processing System. This system features image processing,
character recognition and extensive process redesign. The
re-engineering effort has had a substantial impact on the
firm.Information Systems Working Papers Serie
Increased cytotoxicity of oxidized flame soot
AbstractCombustion–generated particles released into the atmosphere undergo reactions with oxidants, which can change the particles’ physiochemical characteristics. In this work, we compare the physical and chemical properties and cellular response of particles fresh from a flame with those oxidized by ozone and nitrogen dioxide. The reaction with ozone and nitrogen dioxide does not significantly modify the physical characteristics of the particles (primary particle size, fractal dimension, and surface area). However, oxidation affects the chemical characteristics of the particles, creating more oxygen and nitrogen containing functional groups, and increases their hydrophilicity. In addition, oxidized soot generates more reactive oxygen species, as measured by the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. Furthermore, oxidized soot is 1.5 – 2 times more toxic than soot that was not reacted with ozone, but the inflammatory response, measured by interleukin–8 (IL–8) secretion, is unchanged. These results imply that combustion–generated particles released into the atmosphere will have an increased toxicity on or after high ozone days
Search for correlation effects in linear chains of trapped ions
We report a precise search for correlation effects in linear chains of 2 and
3 trapped Ca+ ions. Unexplained correlations in photon emission times within a
linear chain of trapped ions have been reported, which, if genuine, cast doubt
on the potential of an ion trap to realize quantum information processing. We
observe quantum jumps from the metastable 3d 2D_{5/2} level for several hours,
searching for correlations between the decay times of the different ions. We
find no evidence for correlations: the number of quantum jumps with separations
of less than 10 ms is consistent with statistics to within errors of 0.05%; the
lifetime of the metastable level derived from the data is consistent with that
derived from independent single-ion data at the level of the experimental
errors 1%; and no rank correlations between the decay times were found with
sensitivity to rank correlation coefficients at the level of |R| = 0.024.Comment: With changes to introduction. 5 pages, including 4 figures. Submitted
to Europhys. Let
System-Specific Differences in Behavior Regulation: Overrunning and Underdrinking in Molar Nondepriving Schedules
In two experiments we tested the molar regulation prediction that animals adjust schedule performance to reduce deviations from baseline response totals. Both experiments constrained the baseline drink-burst length under molar nondepriving schedules but allowed rats to continue running without drinking. In Experiment 1, rats were required to run in order to drink. In Experiment 2, water was delivered independently of running by fixed-time (FT) schedules. Under the run-to-drink contingency, rats exceeded their baseline amounts of running (overrunning) but failed to maintain their baseline water intake (underdrinking). The total amount of running that did not lead to drinking approximated baseline running. Under the FT schedules, rats again underdrank, but total running approximated baseline. These results do not support previous studies that have shown molar equilibrium effects under nondepriving reciprocal schedules. We conclude that (a) contingent running may not substitute for independent running; (b) intermittent access to water reduces the total instigation for drinking; (c) molar regulation differs under reciprocal and nonreciprocal schedules; and (d) more dynamic, system-specific regulatory models need to be developed. Molar behavior regulation models
Matrix Isolation Infrared Spectra of Hydrogen Halide and Halogen Complexes with Nitrosyl Halides
Matrix isolation infrared spectra of nitrosyl halide (XNO)
complexes with HX and X2 (X = Cl, Br) are presented. The r elative
frequency shifts of the HX mode are modest (ClNO · H-Cl, !\u27:..:v/v =
= - 0.045; BrNO·H-Br, Av/v = ·-0.026), indicating weak hydrogen
bonds 1-3 kcal/mo!. These shifts are accompanied by significant
shifts to higher frequencies in the XN-0 stretching mode
(CIN-O·HCl, Av/v = +0.016; BrN-O·HBr, Av/v = +0.011). Similar
.;hifts were observed for the XN-0 · X2 complexes (ClN-0 Cl2,
Aviv = +0.009; BrN-0-Br2, Av/v = +0.013). In all four complexes,
the X- NO stretching mode relative shift is opposite in sign and
about 1.6 times that of the NO stretching mode.
These four complexes are considered to be similar in structure
and charge distribution. The XN- 0 frequency shift suggests that
complex formation is accompanied by charge withdrawal from the
NO bond ranging from about .04 to .07 electron charges. The HX
and X2 molecules act as electron acceptors, drawing electrons out
of the antibonding orbital of NO and strengthening the XN-0
bond. The implications of the pattern of vibrational shifts concerning
the structure of the complexes are discussed
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