Antibiotic resistance of ESKAPE group-microorganisms in health institutions from Hermosillo and Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México

IntroductionEnterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. are microorganisms referred as the ESKAPE group pathogens. These microorganisms have generated great concern in health institutions around the world since most of them have resistance to multiple antibiotics and cause most infections associated with healthcare, as well as community infections. The aim of this study was the analysis of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms of the ESKAPE group, recovered from clinical samples in 11 health institutions from Hermosillo and Ciudad Obregón in the State of Sonora, México, during the period from 2019 to 2020.MethodsA cross-sectional, descriptive, observational, and temporality epidemiological study was carried out. A comparative and statistical analysis of antibiotic resistance was carried out using the chi-square test, and small values were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test p ≤ 0.05.Results and discussionAll the ESKAPE group microorganisms showed significant differences in antibiotic resistance percentages between both cities. High resistance percentages for some antibiotics, like cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin were detected for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii

Staphylococcus aureus RESISTENTE A METICILINA EN HOSPITALES DE HERMOSILLO, SONORA

Se determinó la prevalencia de resistencia a meticilina y las características epidemiológicas de aislamientos de Staphylococcus aureus en el Centro Médico Dr. Ignacio Chávez (CMIC) y el Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora (HIES) de la ciudad de Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Se estudiaron 288 aislamientos de S. aureus recuperados de muestras clínicas, desde el 01 de septiembre de 2008 al 31 de agosto de 2009. La identifi cación y pruebas de susceptibilidad se realizaron utilizando el sistema Vitek2. La resistencia a meticilina se determinó por el método de difusión en disco utilizando cefoxitina. La prevalencia de S. aureus resistente a meticilina (SARM) en el CMIC fue de 9,5 y en el HIES 13,8%. SARM se aisló de muestras de piel y tejido blando (50,0%) y de muestras tomadas en los servicios de terapia intermedia (18,7%), cirugía (18,7%) e infectología (18,7%). Todos los aislamientos de SARM presentaron resistencia a eritromicina y fueron sensibles a vancomicina, nitrofurantoína y cloranfenicol. Este estudio reveló la ocurrencia de aislamientos de SARM en dos hospitales de la Ciudad de Hermosillo, durante un año de vigilancia epidemiológica. Aunque la prevalencia de SARM no presentó niveles alarmantes en ninguno de los hospitales estudiados, se recomienda reforzar las medidas para el control de infecciones

Control of mycotoxigenic fungi with microcapsules of essential oils encapsulated in chitosan

Abstract Aspergillus and Fusarium are the fungi genera most frequently isolated from cereal grains and other commodities. They are capable of producing mycotoxins, which can affect the human and animal health. Synthetic fungicides have been used to control these fungi, nevertheless, they have acquired resistance and other alternatives are necessary since they now need higher amounts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cinnamon, clove and thyme essential oils (EOs) alone and encapsulated in chitosan on the radial growth, spore germination and mycotoxin production by Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus parasiticus. The composition of the EOs was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). EOs inhibited radial growth and spore germination of both fungal species better than when they were encapsulated, plus, they reduced mycotoxin production. The major components were eugenol in cinnamon and clove EO (70 and 63%, respectively) and 2-methyl-5-(1-methyethyl)-phenol (46.2%) in thyme EO. The microparticles with clove and thyme EO showed good surface charges, higher than +30 mV and their average size for the three types of microparticles was about 750 nm. Our findings suggest that EOs both alone and encapsulated in chitosan have a fungistatic effect on Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus parasiticus

Control of mycotoxigenic fungi with microcapsules of essential oils encapsulated in chitosan

<div><p>Abstract Aspergillus and Fusarium are the fungi genera most frequently isolated from cereal grains and other commodities. They are capable of producing mycotoxins, which can affect the human and animal health. Synthetic fungicides have been used to control these fungi, nevertheless, they have acquired resistance and other alternatives are necessary since they now need higher amounts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cinnamon, clove and thyme essential oils (EOs) alone and encapsulated in chitosan on the radial growth, spore germination and mycotoxin production by Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus parasiticus. The composition of the EOs was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). EOs inhibited radial growth and spore germination of both fungal species better than when they were encapsulated, plus, they reduced mycotoxin production. The major components were eugenol in cinnamon and clove EO (70 and 63%, respectively) and 2-methyl-5-(1-methyethyl)-phenol (46.2%) in thyme EO. The microparticles with clove and thyme EO showed good surface charges, higher than +30 mV and their average size for the three types of microparticles was about 750 nm. Our findings suggest that EOs both alone and encapsulated in chitosan have a fungistatic effect on Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus parasiticus.</p></div