Investigation of the Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Effect on Thyroid and Testosterone Hormones in Male Rats

Exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) has been increasing steadily, causing more attention being paid to their potential toxicity, including cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effect of ZnO NPs on thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) as well as testosterone hormone in male adult rats. A total of 54 Sprague-Dawley albino adult male rats were divided into nine groups each of six rats, daily treated intraperitoneal with ZnO NPs two different doses (30 and 60) mg/kg in three different periods of time (7, 14, and 28) days, as following: Control groups (Groups 1, 2, and 3): Respectively received intraperitoneal injection with distilled water for 7, 14, and 28 days, experimental groups (Groups 4, 5, and 6): They were rats, respectively, received intraperitoneal dose (60 mg/kg) of ZnO NPs for (7, 14, and 28) days, and group (7, 8, and 9) experimental groups were rats, respectively, received intraperitoneal dose (30 mg/kg) of ZnO NPs for (7, 14, and 28) days. Data showed high significant decrease (P < 0.01) in level of T3, T4, TSH, and level of testosterone also decrease at high and low dose for 7, 14, and 28 days

EFFECTS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON THYROID GLAND STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN FEMALE RATS

Objective: Due to their unique properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) gained a broad utilization in nano-based industries and medicine, which may expose human to increased levels of NPs. However, little is known about their potential harmful effects on endocrine physiology. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the potential dose- and time-dependent outcomes of AgNPs on serum levels of thyroid hormones and thyroid gland histology in female rats.Methods: A total of 60 female rats were divided into three groups (each of 20 animals), treated with AgNPs for (10, 20, and 30) days. Within each treatment period, animals were assigned into four subgroups each of five rats; control treated with vehicle and the others treated with 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg of AgNPs, respectively, by intraperitoneal injection. At the end of treatments, all rats were sacrificed; blood samples were obtained and analyzed for serum levels of T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Thyroid gland was removed and weighed then kept in buffered formalin solution for microscopic examination.Results: The data showed a significant increase in the weight of the thyroid gland after 20 and 30 days of the treatment with 50 mg/kg of AgNPs, while the 25 mg/kg dose of AgNps resulted in significant increase only after 30 days. Serum levels of T3 and TSH were nonsignificantly altered by AgNPs in all the treatment groups. Thyroxin levels (T4) were significantly decreased after long-term exposure. Histological specimens of AgNPs treated group showed disturbance of the normal architecture of the thyroid tissue with degeneration of thyroid follicles and desquamated luminal cells.Conclusion: The results of the current study suggested the possible disrupting potential of long-term exposure to high level of AgNPs on thyroid gland function and histology in female rats

Hypothyroidism and AMH in Iraqi Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

       اجريت الدراسة الحالية للتحري في وضائف الغدة الدرقية و هرمون المضاد لمولر من خلال تقييم مستوياتهم في مرضى الفشل الكلى المزمنة. تمت الدراسة على 50 مريض تم تشخيص اصابتهم  بمرض الفشل الكلوي المزمن المرحلة الخامسة اعمارهم بين 20 الى 50 عام (25 ذكور و 25 اناث) و 20 شخص كمجموعة سيطرة تراوحت اعمارهم بين 20-48 عام (10 ذكور و 10 اناث) ، الذين حظروا الى مركز أمراض الكلى وزراعة الأعضاء في مدينة الطب ببغداد في العراق من أبريل 2018 إلى يوليو 2018. اظهرت الدراسة الحالية وجود زيادة غيرمعنوية  في مستويات هرمون الانتي ميوليرين في المرضى مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. بينما لوحظ زيادة معنوية عالية في مستويات الهرمون المحفز للغدة الدرقية مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. بينما وجد انخفاض معنوي عالي في  مستويات هرمون ثالث يود الثيرونين وهرمون الثيروكسين في مرضى الفشل الكلوي المزمن مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة.This study was conducted to investigate thyroid function and Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in (Chronic kidney disease) CKD patients by evaluating their levels in CKD patients, 50 patients were diagnosed to have CKD stage-5, their ages ranged between 20-50 years (25 males and 25 females) who attended the Nephrology and Transplant Center in Medical City of Baghdad- Iraq, they were recruited from April 2018 to July 2018 and were enrolled into the study. The control group consisted of 20 healthy individuals, their ages ranged between 20-48 years (10 males and 10 females). The study showed non-significant (p>0.05) increase in AMH level in CKD patients compared to the control group. On the other hand, TSH was recorded a highly significant (P<0.01) increase in CKD patients in comparison with control. While T3 and T4 levels recorded highly significant (P<0.01) decrease in CKD patients in comparison with control.