Real‐world data for lenalidomide maintenance in responding patients of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma

Abstract Background Approximately 40% patients of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) would develop disease recurrence/progression after first‐line R‐CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) induction therapy, with highly poor prognosis. An effective strategy to prolong the survival of this patient population is the additional single‐drug maintenance therapy. lenalidomide, an immunomodulatory drug with oral activity, has direct anti‐tumor activity and indirect effects mediated by multiple immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, such as B, T, natural killer (NK), and dendritic cells. Combining its controllable toxicity, it is promising in long‐term maintenance therapy. This study aims at evaluating the clinical effect of lenalidomide maintenance therapy in responding DLBCL patients with R‐CHOP treatment. Methods This retrospective study was devised in DLBCL cases who obtained complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) following 6–8 cycles of R‐CHOP treatment between January 1, 2015 and July 31, 2019. Patients (n = 141) included were respectively assigned to receive lenalidomide maintenance treatment (lenalidomide, n = 50) and drug‐free maintenance treatment (control, n = 91) after CR/PR. lenalidomide was provided orally at 25 mg/day for 10 days, with a cycle of 21 days and a treatment course of 2 years. Progression‐free survival (PFS) was taken as the primary outcome. Results Of the total 141 subjects, the median follow‐up time was 30.9 months (range, 5.7–68.9 months). The 2‐year PFS was 84% (95% CI: 74%–94%) in the lenalidomide group and 53% (95% CI: 43%–63%) in the control group. The median PFS of the lenalidomide group was not reached, and that of the control group was 42.9 months (HR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.16–0.63; p = 0.001). No remarkable difference in overall survival (OS) between the two groups was indicated (HR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.16–1.12; p = 0.08). Central nervous system (CNS) recurrence happened in 5 patients (5.5%) of the control group, while none of the patients with lenalidomide had CNS recurrence. Additionally, neutropenia and cutaneous reactions were the most common Grade 1–2 adverse reactions after lenalidomide treatment, and neutropenia was the most frequent Grade 3–4 adverse reaction. Conclusion Two‐year lenalidomide maintenance treatment can significantly prolong the PFS of DLBCL patients who obtained CR/PR to first‐line R‐CHOP treatment

Effects of oxygen and moisture on the I-V characteristics of TiO2 thin films

Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics well reveal the resistive switching performance of materials promising for the next-generation memory-resistance random access memory (ReRAM). It has been observed that the atmospheric environment can affect the resistive switching performance, but the origin of this effect is still under debate. Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy (c-AFM) is widely used to study the resistive switching performance because of its capability to realize the resistive switching at the nanoscale that is becoming attractive as the miniaturization of memory devices. This study therefore aims to understand the effects of oxygen and moisture on the I-V characteristics of the TiO2 thin film by performing c-AFM measurements in ambient air, synthetic air, and argon gas. It is found that the oxygen in the environment can reduce the set and the reset voltages for the resistive switching, and it can also reduce the resistance at the low resistance state (LRS). Where the moisture in the environment can increase the set and reset voltages, and increase the resistance at LRS. These effects of oxygen and moisture in the environment can be attributed to the modification of the effective electric field during the resistive switching processes, which have been further confirmed by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) measurements. In addition, it is found that the local ionic dynamics of TiO2 during the resistive switching are strongly dependent of the environments by performing the FORC-IV (First Order Reversal Curve-Current-Voltage) measurements in the three gas environments. Results in this work can provide a new perspective on the effect of environments on the resistive switching of materials, that is, the modulation of the effective electric field due to the adsorption of oxygen and moisture under the c-AFM tip. Keywords: Resistive switching, Environmental control, c-AFM, KPFM, FORC-I

Local phenomena at grain boundaries: An alternative approach to grasp the role of oxygen vacancies in metallization of VO2

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) undergoes an insulator to metal transition (MIT) and an accompanied phase transition from a monoclinic (M) structure to rutile (R) structure near room temperature, forming the basis for many VO2-based functional devices. The MIT transition of VO2 and the functionality of VO2-based devices can be controlled by a variety of chemical and physical stimuli. With these external stimuli, defects, such as oxygen vacancies, are often inevitably introduced. However, due to the VO system-induced challenge to synthesize stable VO2 with different oxygen vacancy concentrations, the impact of oxygen vacancies on the resistance and transition of the VO2 is not fully understood. Oxygen vacancy, as one of the typical defects in VO2, is expected to concentrate at grain boundaries, and hence a concentration gradient of oxygen vacancies may exist between the grains interior and the boundaries, and this suggests a possibility to study the effects of oxygen vacancies on the transition of VO2 by probing local phenomena at the grain boundaries. For investigating local phenomena at the grain boundaries, Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) techniques are effective, which allows probing the structure and various properties at the nanoscale. In this work, a series of SPM techniques, including Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), conductive-AFM (c-AFM), Electrochemical Strain Microscopy (ESM), and Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM), are employed to measure variations of the surface structure, the resistance, the oxygen vacancy concentration, and the work function between the grain interior and the grain boundary. It has been demonstrated that, for most cases, both the resistance and the work function are lower at the grain boundaries as a result of the accumulation of oxygen vacancies at those positions. In addition, the resistance change induced by the electric field has been observed in the deposited VO2 thin films, which may be associated with the generation/annihilation of the oxygen vacancies, rather than charge injection. This work has demonstrated the effects of oxygen vacancies in the transition of VO2 by probing the local phenomena at grain boundaries, also provided a new insight into the resistance change of VO2 under an electric field. Keywords: Fermi level, VO2 thin film, c-AFM, KPFM, ES

Technical and economic analysis of multi-energy complementary systems for net-zero energy consumption combining wind, solar, hydrogen, geothermal, and storage energy

An integrated renewable energy supply system is designed and proposed to effectively address high building energy consumption in Zhengzhou, China. This system effectively provides cold, heat, and electricity by incorporating various clean energy sources such as wind, solar, hydrogen, and geothermal energy. Technical and economic analyses are conducted to optimize the integration of these renewable sources. Technical and economic analyses are conducted to optimize the integration of these renewable sources. Rigorous system modeling and dynamic simulation using TRNSYS software evaluate the seamless integration and optimal functioning of the PV/T subsystem within the CCHP system. The interaction between Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) and borehole heat exchanger (BHE) coupling is investigated, analyzing their impact on individual system performance. Furthermore, key indicators, including overall electricity consumption (OEC), life cycle cost (LCC), heat pump coefficient of performance (COPHP), and system coefficient of performance (COPSYS) are analyzed. The robust response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken experimental design approach are employed to show remarkable agreement between predicted and simulated values, with a maximum deviation of only 1.45%. The optimal configuration consists of a PV/T area of 132 m2, 20 wind turbines, 12 alkaline fuel cells, and 17 borehole heat exchangers, resulting in highly favorable outcomes: an OEC of −35648.72 kW∙h/year, an LCC of $209113.85, a COPSYS of 2.91, and a COPHP of 3.82. Moreover, detailed assessments of each subsystem's performance enhances our understanding of the system's overall operation, affirming the feasibility of the proposed integrated energy supply system for buildings

Electric, magnetic and mechanical coupling effects on ferroelectric properties and surface potential of BiFeO3 thin film

10.1142/S179360471100166XFunctional Materials Letters4191-9

Recent Advances of Bismuth based Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

10.1080/10667857.2018.1474005Materials Technology338563-57

Neural-based inexact graph de-anonymization

Graph de-anonymization is a technique used to reveal connections between entities in anonymized graphs, which is crucial in detecting malicious activities, network analysis, social network analysis, and more. Despite its paramount importance, conventional methods often grapple with inefficiencies and challenges tied to obtaining accurate query graph data. This paper introduces a neural-based inexact graph de-anonymization, which comprises an embedding phase, a comparison phase, and a matching procedure. The embedding phase uses a graph convolutional network to generate embedding vectors for both the query and anonymized graphs. The comparison phase uses a neural tensor network to ascertain node resemblances. The matching procedure employs a refined greedy algorithm to discern optimal node pairings. Additionally, we comprehensively evaluate its performance via well-conducted experiments on various real datasets. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach in enhancing the efficiency and performance of graph de-anonymization through the use of graph embedding vectors