Rate effect of liquid infiltration into mesoporous materials

Rate effect of liquid infiltration in mesopores is associated with both liquid viscosity and the solid–liquid interfacial effect.</p

Genuine full characterization of partially coherence beam

For partially coherent light fields with random fluctuations, the intensity distributions and statistics have been proven to be more propagation robust compared with coherent light. However, its full potential in practical applications has not been realized due to the lack of four-dimensional optical field measurement. Here, a general modal decomposition method of partially coherent light field is proposed and demonstrated. The decomposed random modes can be used to, but not limited to, reconstruct average intensity, cross spectral density and orthogonal decomposition properties of the partially coherent light fields. Due to its versatility and flexibility, this method provides a powerful tool to further reveal light field invariant or retrieve embedded information after propagation through complex media. The Gaussian-shell-model beam and partially coherent Gaussian array are used as examples to demonstrate the reconstruction and even prediction of second-order statistical characteristics. This method is expected to pave the way for applications of partially coherent light in optical imaging, optical encryption and anti-turblence optical communication

Crossover of conduction mechanism in Sr2IrO4 epitaxial thin films

High quality epitaxial Sr2IrO4 thin films with various thicknesses (9-300 nm) have been grown on SrTiO3 (001) substrates, and their electric transport properties have been investigated. All samples showed the expected insulating behavior with a strong resistivity dependence on film thickness, that can be as large as three orders of magnitude at low temperature. A close examination of the transport data revealed interesting crossover behaviors for the conduction mechanism upon variation of thickness and temperature. While Mott variable range hopping (VRH) dominated the transport for films thinner than 85 nm, high temperature thermal activation behavior was observed for films with large thickness, which was followed by a crossover from Mott to Efros-Shklovskii (ES) VRH in the low temperature range. This low temperature crossover from Mott to ES VRH indicates the presence of a Coulomb gap (~3 meV). Our results demonstrate the competing and tunable conduction in Sr2IrO4 thin films, which in turn would be helpful for understanding the insulating nature related to strong spin-orbit-coupling of the 5d iridates

Nonparaxial propagation properties of an anomalous hollow beam with orbital angular momentum

The analytical nonparaxial propagation formula of an anomalous hollow beam (AHB) with orbital angular momentum (OAM) in free space is derived based on the generalized Raleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral. The nonparaxial properties of AHB with OAM such as intensity, phase and OAM density distributions are studied in detail, using the pertinent nonparaxial propagation formula. The comparison between the paraxial and nonparaxial results is also carried out. The results show that the nonparaxial properties of an AHB with OAM are determined by the initial beam parameters, such as beam waist size and topological charge and propagation distance

Aggregate Model of District Heating Network for Integrated Energy Dispatch: A Physically Informed Data-Driven Approach

The district heating network (DHN) is essential in enhancing the operational flexibility of integrated energy systems (IES). Yet, it is hard to obtain an accurate and concise DHN model for the operation owing to complicated network features and imperfect measurement. Considering this, this paper proposes a physically informed data-driven aggregate model (AGM) for DHN, providing a concise description of the source-load relationship of DHN without exposing network details. First, we derive the analytical relationship between the state variables of the source and load nodes of DHN, offering a physical fundament for the AGM. Second, we propose a physics-informed estimator for AGM that is robust to low-quality measurement, in which the physical constraints associated with the parameter normalization and sparsity are embedded to improve the accuracy and robustness. Finally, we propose a physics-enhanced algorithm to solve the nonlinear estimator with non-closed constraints efficiently. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method