Construindo estratégias

Lusíada. Direito. - ISSN 2182-4118. - N. especial (2023). - p. 262

The 8200 calBP climate event and the spread of the Neolithic in Eastern Europe

At 8200 calBP, the beginning of the Atlantic period, there was a drastic change from warm and humid climatic conditions to cold conditions. The abrupt cooling at 8200 calBP has been documented in different parts of Europe. In western, and some parts of southern, Europe, this event was a trigger for new forms of economy and migrations of groups of Neolithic farmers. This paper considers the different ways in which ceramic traditions developed in eastern Europe in the steppe,steppe-forest and forest zones as a result of the rapid climate changes at about 8200 calBP.V času okoli 8200 calBP, to je na začetku obdobja atlantika, je prišlo do korenite spremembe klime, od toplih in vlažnih pogojev do ohladitev. Nenadna ohladitev v času 8200 calBP je dokumentirana v različnih delih Evrope. V zahodni in v delu južne Evrope je dogodek sprožil nove oblike gospodarstev in preseljevanje skupin neolitskih poljedelcev. V članku razpravljamo o različnih oblikah razvoja keramičnih tradicij na stepskih, gozdno-stepskih in gozdnih območjih v vzhodni Evropi kot posledico te hitre klimatske spremembe v času 8200 calBP

Audience Anthropology: New Dimensions

Статья поступила в редакцию 27.03.2023 г.В статье на основе анализа многочисленных суждений исследователей, медиаэкспертов, медиаменеджеров и журналистов описываются и оцениваются особенности коммуникаций аудитории со средствами массовой информации, которые обусловлены происходящими политическими, экономическими, социально-культурными и технологическими изменениями.Based on the analysis of numerous opinions of researchers, media experts, media managers and journalists, the article describes and evaluates the modern features of the audience in its communications with the media, which are attributed to the ongoing political, economic, socio-cultural and technological changes

Journalism: What Hinders and Contributes to the Ethicization of the Profession

Статья поступила в редакцию 06.12.2022 г.В статье анализируются проблемы этизации журналистики как процесса продвижения журналистского сообщества к согласованному пониманию профессионально-этических императивов в повседневной практике. Представлены распространенные в профессиональной среде фреймы, обозначающие установки журналистов по отношению к профессионально-этическим нормам и возможностям саморегулирования. Описаны обстоятельства, блокирующие этизацию, и обстоятельства, способствующие ее продвижению.The article analyzes the problems of the ethicization of journalism as a process of promoting the journalistic community to a consistent understanding of professional and ethical imperatives in everyday practice. Frames common in the professional environment are presented, indicating the attitudes of journalists in relation to professional and ethical standards and opportunities for self-regulation. The conditions blocking etization and contributing to its promotion are described

Indifference to Authenticity: does Modern Audience Need the Truth

В тексте описываются и объясняются условия, при которых информация, сообщаемая медиа, по-разному воспринимается 48 современной аудиторией. При этом соответствие действительности распространяемых медиа сведений не всегда оказывается востребуемой характеристикой для аудитории. Представлено описание ряда причин, объясняющих такое восприятие информации.The text describes and explains the conditions under which the information provided by the media is perceived differently by the modern audience. At the same time, compliance with the reality of the information disseminated by the media does not always turn out to be a demanded characteristic for the audience. A description of some of the reasons explaining this perception of information is presented

Comparative Analysis of the Ability to Ferment Carbohydrates in Typical Strains and Genovariants of <I>Vibrio cholerae</I> Biovar El Tor

Carried out is a comparative analysis of the ability to ferment various carbohydrates in the 6 typical strains and 10 genovariants of V. cholerae biovar El Tor, imported to the territory of the Russian Federation. It has been revealed that genovariants, as well as typical El Tor vibrios, ferment mannose, saccharose, and mannite, but are inactive against arabinose and rhamnose. However, it is demonstrated that genovariants, as compared to typical strains of El Tor vibrios, possess lowered capacity to ferment glucose. Both, genovariants and classical vibrios, do not grow on the minimal media with 1 % content of glucose, and are unable to fully ferment glucose up to acetylmethylcarbinol in Voges-Proskauer reaction test. Put forward is a hypothesis that alteration of glucose metabolism in the studied strains of genovariants is probably due to changes in regulating mechanism of some virulence genes

Stepwise Acquisition of Pyrimethamine Resistance in the Malaria Parasite

The spread of high-level pyrimethamine resistance in Africa threatens to curtail the therapeutic lifetime of antifolate antimalarials. We studied the possible evolutionary pathways in the evolution of pyrimethamine resistance using an approach in which all possible mutational intermediates were created by site-directed mutagenesis and assayed for their level of drug resistance. The coding sequence for dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum was mutagenized, and tests were carried out in Escherichia coli under conditions in which the endogenous bacterial enzyme was selectively inhibited. We studied 4 key amino acid replacements implicated in pyrimethamine resistance: N51I, C59R, S108N, and I164L. Using empirical estimates of the mutational spectrum in P. falciparum and probabilities of fixation based on the relative levels of resistance, we found that the predicted favored pathways of drug resistance are consistent with those reported in previous kinetic studies, as well as DHFR polymorphisms observed in natural populations. We found that 3 pathways account for nearly 90% of the simulated realizations of the evolution of pyrimethamine resistance. The most frequent pathway (S108N and then C59R, N51I, and I164L) accounts for more than half of the simulated realizations. Our results also suggest an explanation for why I164L is detected in Southeast Asia and South America, but not at significant frequencies in Africa.Organismic and Evolutionary Biolog

Construction of PCR Test-System for Differentiation between Genetically Altered Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae Strains, Biovar El Tor, with Varied Epidemic Potential

Designed is a multi-locus PCR test-system that allows for differentiation between genetically altered Vibrio cholerae strains, biovar El Tor, with high and low epidemic potential respectively, based on identification of genetic marker structure in the agent of the seventh cholera pandemic - pandemicity island VSP-II. In the course of investigations selected have been three target genes allocated in the central region and terminal end of the mobile genetic element. This test-system offers the possibility to identify the strains containing intact VSP-II, the ones containing VSP-II with a short-length deletion, and the strains with VSP-II with extended deletion. The first two are classified as the variants with low epidemic potential, while the last ones - as the variants with high epidemic potential. Specificity and efficacy of the test-system is shown by the experiments with 28 toxigenic genetically altered V. cholerae strains, biovar El Tor, and 6 strains of closely related species and enterobacteria. The results obtained coincide with the data on mono-locus PCR assay and in a number of instances are verified by sequencing