CFD modelling of double-skin facades with venetian blinds

This paper describes CFD modelling of Double Skin Façades (DSF) with venetian blinds inside the façade cavity. The 2-D modelling work investigates the coupled convective, conductive and radiative heat transfer through the DSF system. The angles of the venetian blind can be adjusted and a series of angles (0, 30, 45, 60 and 80 degrees) has been modelled. The modelling results are compared with the measurements from a section of façade tested within a solar simulator and with predictions from a component based nodal model. Agreement between the three methods is generally good. Discrepancies in the results are generally caused by the simplification of the CFD model resulting less turbulence mixing within the façade cavity. The CFD simulation output suggests that the presence of the venetian blinds has led up to 35 percent enhancement in natural ventilation flow for the façade cavity and 75 percent reduction in heat loads for the internal environment. It was also found that little changes of the convective heat transfer coefficients on the glazing surfaces have been caused by the venetian blinds with different angles

Circular 78

Historically, sales of exotic meats have been limited only by supply. As supply has increased in recent years, national and international exotic game markets have grown rapidly. In the United States, growth has occurred primarily in the restaurant section, although over-the-counter sales have also increased. The Alaskan reindeer industry is exploring the potential of expanding its meat sales as well as antler sales. Meat production increased from 320,000 pounds in 1987 to 432,000 pounds in 1988. This production increase is reflected in a 27 percent increase in dollar value (Alaska Crop and Livestock Reporting Service, 1989). Under current management procedures, potential meat production has been estimated at 500,000 pounds (Pearson and Lewis, 1988). Any future market expansion is likely to occur in urban Alaska and in areas outside the state (Jones, 1988)

Genomic landscape of platinum resistant and sensitive testicular cancers

While most testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) exhibit exquisite sensitivity to platinum chemotherapy, ~10% are platinum resistant. To gain insight into the underlying mechanisms, we undertook undertake whole exome sequencing and copy number analysis in 40 tumours from 26 cases with platinum-resistant TGCT, and combined this with published genomic data on an additional 624 TGCTs. We integrated analyses for driver mutations, mutational burden, global, arm-level and focal copy number (CN) events, and SNV and CN signatures. Albeit preliminary and observational in nature, these analyses provide the first support for a possible mechanistic link between early driver mutations in RAS and KIT and the widespread copy number events by which TGCT is characterised

Some Basic Concepts of Accounting: A Critical Appraisal

Financial statements of Enterprises are usually depended upon by a wide variety of users in making economic decisions about an enterprise. In order to ensure that these Statements are useful to the common needs of users, the accountancy profession has developed a framework of ideas generally accepted as the foundation on which accounting rests. Taking into consideration the fact that many of these ideas (often variously referred to as concepts, conventions, postulates etc) conflict with each other, one wonders whether accounting concepts or conventions lead to users getting what they need from a set of financial statements. This paper offers a critical appraisal of various accounting concepts and concluded that accounting concepts or conventions are likely to be of relatively different importance to different users of financial statements

Engineering assessment made easy: the 'Energysave' approach.

Whilst naturally ventilated buildings are currently considered to be the ideal solution to low energy design there remain a large proportion of buildings for which air conditioning offers the only practical solution. This project is intended to provide a means to assess design options for such buildings at a very early stage in the design and in particular address the selection of the most appropriate system. The form of the interface is still developing and while it has been demonstrated to designers no third party tests have yet been carried out. This paper reports on a project that aims to show that a general description of the building can be used to generate sufficient data to drive a valid analysis using a detailed thermal model at the early sketch stage of the design process. It describes the philosophy, methodology and the interface developed to achieve this aim. The interface guides the user through the input process using a series of screens giving options for keywords used to describe the building; comprehensive default data built into the software are then attached to these keywords. The resulting data file is a building description that is the best possible interpretation of the design intent. This can then be used to assess options and guide towards a final design

The engineering dimension of nD modelling: performance assessment at conceptual design stage.

Whilst naturally ventilated buildings are currently considered to be the ideal solution to low energy design there remain a large proportion of buildings for which air conditioning offers the only practical solution. The project presented in this paper is intended to provide a means to assess design options for such buildings at a very early stage in the design and in particular address the selection of the most appropriate system. The form of the interface is still developing and while it has been demonstrated to designers no third party tests have yet been carried out. This paper reports on a project that aims to show that a general description of the building can be used to generate sufficient data to drive a valid analysis using a detailed thermal model at the early sketch stage of the design process. It describes the philosophy, methodology and the interface developed to achieve this aim. The interface guides the user through the input process using a series of screens giving options for keywords used to describe the building; comprehensive default data built into the software are then attached to these keywords. The resulting data file is a building description that is the best possible interpretation of the design intent. This can then be used to assess options and guide towards a final design

The local space density of dwarf galaxies

We estimate the luminosity function of field galaxies over a range of ten magnitudes (-22 < M_{B_J} < -12 for H_0 = 100 km/s/Mpc) by counting the number of faint APM galaxies around Stromlo-APM redshift survey galaxies at known distance. The faint end of the luminosity function rises steeply at M_{B_J} \approx -15, implying that the space density of dwarf galaxies is at least two times larger than predicted by a Schechter function with flat faint-end slope. Such a high abundance of dwarf galaxies at low redshift can help explain the observed number counts and redshift distributions of faint galaxies without invoking exotic models for galaxy evolution.Comment: 20 pages, 5 included postscript figures, uses AAS LaTex macros. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. Two figures and associated discussion added; results and conclusions unchange