Theory of quantum work in metallic grains

We generalize Anderson's orthogonality determinant formula to describe the statistics of work performed on generic disordered, noninteracting fermionic nanograins during quantum quenches. The energy absorbed increases linearly with time, while its variance exhibits a superdiffusive behavior due to Pauli's exclusion principle. The probability of adiabatic evolution decays as a stretched exponential. In slowly driven systems, work statistics exhibit universal features and can be understood in terms of fermion diffusion in energy space, generated by Landau-Zener transitions. This diffusion is very well captured by a Markovian symmetrical exclusion process, with the diffusion constant identified as the energy absorption rate. The energy absorption rate shows an anomalous frequency dependence at small energies, reflecting the symmetry class of the underlying Hamiltonian. Our predictions can be experimentally verified by calorimetric measurements performed on nanoscale circuits

Haemodynamic Effects of Lung Recruitment Manoeuvres

Atelectasis caused by lung injury leads to increased intrapulmonary shunt, venous admixture, and hypoxaemia. Lung recruitment manoeuvres aim to quickly reverse this scenario by applying increased airway pressures for a short period of time which meant to open the collapsed alveoli. Although the procedure can improve oxygenation, but due to the heart-lung and right and left ventricle interactions elevated intrathoracic pressures can inflict serious effects on the cardiovascular system. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview on the pathophysiological background of the heart-lung interactions and the best way to monitor these changes during lung recruitment

Case Report: The management of hemorrhagic shock of different origins by target-controlled coagulation and extracorporeal organ support (continuous renal replacement therapy)

IntroductionTrauma-related severe bleeding and peripartum hemorrhage complicated by shock state is challenging for acute care physicians. Management steps relating to each other include damage control surgery, maintenance of optimal clotting preconditions, point-of-care and targeted supplementation of coagulation factors, control of hyperfibrinolysis, and supplementation of thrombocytes. Extensive tissue damage and surgical management of bleeding activate the proinflammatory process, leading to a dysregulated immune response. The originating systemic inflammation produces further damage, harmfully altering clot formation through the activation of immunothrombosis.Clinical findingsThe case report presents one obstetric, massive bleeding patient and one politraumatized patient with severe hemorrhage. Both underwent extended surgery regarding bleeding control intervention.Interventions and outcomeElimination of coagulation disorder was driven by point-of-care viscoelastometry and targeted clotting factor supplementation. Continuous renal replacement therapy and the hemadsorption technique augmented the well-established, up-to-date recommendations-guided care throughout the treatment line. The patients could leave the intensive care unit 4 and 8 days following the initial injury.ConclusionPrompt administration of extracorporeal organ support enhanced the recovery from hemorrhagic shock

Tribológiai jelenségek néhány szubmikroszkópikus vonatkozásának vizsgálata = Investigation of the submicroscopic of tribological phenomena

A kutatómunka célja a súrlódó felület igen vékony rétegében, az ún. felületközeli rétegben a súrlódási igénybevétel hatására bekövetkező állandósult, ill. tranziens szerkezeti változások vizsgálata volt. Ezeket a változásokat a tribológiai szakirodalom TTS-nek (Tribological Transformation of the Surface) nevezi. Vizsgálatainkhoz fémes (ötvözetlen acél, nagytisztaságú magnézium és titán) és nemfémes (szálerősítésű karbon-karbon kompozit, polikristályos gyémánt és amorf karbon) súrlódó felületpárokat használtunk. A súrlódó felületek geometriája gömb-síkfelület jellegű volt, mivel ennél az érintkezési típusnál legjelentősebb az érintkezési feszültségi állapot hidrosztatikus komponensének hatása. A súrlódásvizsgálatokat kiegészítettük járulékos hidrosztatikus nyomás alatt végzett anyagvizsgálatokkal, amelynek eredményeiből a súrlódásvizsgálat numerikus szimulációjához szükséges anyagtörvényt határoztuk meg. A vizsgált felületeket 3D-topográfia, optikai- és elektronmikroszkópia, elektron-diffrakció, Raman-spektroszkópia, Röntgen-difrakció, atomi-erő-mikroszkópia, mikro- és nanokeménység mérések eredményeivel jellemeztük. A próbatestek elkészítéséhez, valamint a vizsgálatok elvégzéséhez, ill. az eredmények kiértékeléséhez és közzétételéhez minden esetben felhasználtuk széleskörű nemzetközi kapcsolatainkat is, amelyek nagymértékben hozzájárultak, hogy a megkezdett kutatómunkát az OTKA támogatás befejezése után is folyatni tudjuk. | The goal of the research project was the investigation and analysis of some transient and permanent structural changes of the near surface layer due to a tribological load. These changes are referred to the tribological literature as TTS (Tribological Transformation of the Surface). Based on experience from previous research work, metallic (unalloyed steel, high purity magnesium and titanium) and non metallic (fiber reinforced carbon-carbon composite, amorphous carbon and polycrystalline diamond) friction surfaces pairs were chosen for the investigation. For the friction tests sphere-on-plate contact geometry of friction pairs was chosen, because for this type of contact the effect of the hydrostatic pressure component of the local stress state is important. The friction tests were completed by deformability tests under imposed hydrostatic pressure so providing the material law for the numerical simulations. Surfaces were characterized using the results of 3D surface topography, optical and electron microscopy, electron diffraction, Raman-spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, micro-, and nano-hardness measurements. For the manufacturing of the specimens, for the investigations and for the evaluation and publication of the results, we collaborated with our large international partnership, which allows us to continue the research after the termination of support from OTKA

Steels Specimens’ Inspection with Structured Light Scanner

With the recent rapid advances in technology, the use of 3D scanning systems in the engineering world has become more and more prevalent thanks to the ease of use, the improved data collection process, and the increase in the accuracy of the acquired data. During the rebuilding of the Tisza bridge on the M4 motorway, the contractor discovered that the plates used to build the steel superstructure had developed corrosion damage during several years of storage. Plates with a tolerable level of corrosion were intended to be used, but the question was how the increased surface roughness will affect the fatigue life of the plates and the welded steel fabrications made from the plates. As part of this test, fatigue specimens were measured from the material to be used for the bridge and welded with two different geometries with the help of a structured light 3D scanner (SLS scanner). This paper discusses the measurement and inspection of these steel specimens of a highway bridge, before and after the fatigue test of the parts. From the acquired data we examined defects on the surface of the parts, physical deformations by comparing measured data to a CAD model and calculated the amount of material which was lost during stress testing

Different effects of amiodarone and dofetilide on the dispersion of repolarization between well-coupled ventricular and purkinje fibers

Increased transmural dispersion of repolarization is an established contributing factor to ventricular tachyar-rhythmias. In this study, we evaluated the effect of chronic amiodarone treatment and acute administration of dofetilide in canine cardiac preparations containing electrotonically coupled Purkinje fibers (PFs) and ventricular muscle (VM) and compared the effects to those in uncoupled PF and VM preparations using the conventional microelectrode technique. Dispersion between PFs and VM was inferred from the difference in the respective action potential durations (APDs). In coupled preparations, amiodarone decreased the difference in APDs between PFs and VM, thus decreasing dispersion. In the same preparations, dofetilide increased the dispersion by causing a more pronounced prolongation in PFs. This prolongation was even more emphasized in uncoupled PF preparations, while the effect in VM was the same. In uncoupled preparations, amiodarone elicited no change on the difference in APDs. In conclusion, amiodarone decreased the dispersion between PFs and VM, while dofetilide increased it. The measured difference in APD between cardiac regions may be the affected by electrotonic coupling; thus, studying PFs and VM separately may lead to an over-or underestimation of dispersion. © 2021, Canadian Science Publishing. All rights reserved

Structure and Function of Trypsin-Loaded Fibrinolytic Liposomes

Protease encapsulation and its targeted release in thrombi may contribute to the reduction of haemorrhagic complications of thrombolysis. We aimed to prepare sterically stabilized trypsin-loaded liposomes () and characterize their structure and fibrinolytic efficiency. Hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine-based were prepared and their structure was studied by transmission electron microscopy combined with freeze fracture (FF-TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Fibrinolytic activity was examined at 45, 37, or 24°C on fibrin or plasma clots with turbidimetric and permeation-driven lysis assays. Trypsin was shown to be attached to the inner surface of vesicles (SAXS and FF-TEM) close to the lipid hydrophilic/hydrophobic interface (FT-IR). The thermosensitivity of was evidenced by enhanced fibrinolysis at 45°C: time to reduce the maximal turbidity to 20% decreased by 8.6% compared to 37°C and fibrin degradation product concentration in the permeation lysis assay was 2-fold to 5-fold higher than that at 24°C. exerted its fibrinolytic action on fibrin clots under both static and dynamic conditions, whereas plasma clot dissolution was observed only in the permeation-driven assay. The improved fibrinolytic efficiency of under dynamic conditions suggests that they may serve as a novel therapeutic candidate for dissolution of intravascular thrombi, which are typically exposed to permeation forces