Evaluación de aditivos para modular la aglomeración de microportadores en culturas de células mesenquimales estromales multipotentes en frasco spinner

La capacidad de diferenciación y el potencial regenerativo de las células mesenquimales estromales multipotentes (CMM) se ven limitados por las bajas cantidades disponibles en los tejidos adultos junto con las altas dosis utilizadas en una infusión. Los sistemas tradicionales son ineficientes para satisfacer la demanda, así es necesario utilizar sistemas de cultivo agitados y soportes de anclaje como microportadores. Esta técnica tiene la tendencia natural de la CMM a formar aglomerados, que impiden el acceso a los nutrientes y dificultan la recuperación celular al final del cultivo. Se sabe que los aditivos como el dextrano o sus formas sulfatadas tienen propiedades anticoagulantes y antiaglomerantes. Por lo tanto, en este trabajo, se abordó una perspectiva de solución del problema mediante la evaluación de la influencia del sulfato de dextrano (SD) en cultivos de CMM en matraces giratorios. Los resultados muestran que la adición de SD a una concentración de 0.05% tuvo una influencia negativa sobre el cultivo, inhibiendo el crecimiento, en comparación con el control. La concentración de 0.01% SD permitió el cultivo de CMM. Si bien se observó la presencia de agrupaciones, estas no alcanzaron los diámetros observados en el experimento de control, lo que permitió un alto crecimiento celular.O uso das células mesenquimais estromais multipotentes (CMM) para aplicações na terapia celular e engenharia de tecidos favoreceu uma revolução na medicina atual, permitindo avanços farmacológicos e no panorama clínico de doenças degenerativas e autoimunes, até então incuráveis. A capacidade de diferenciação e o potencial regenerativo das CMM torna-se limitado pelas baixas quantidades disponíveis nos tecidos adultos (0,01 à 0,0005%) juntamente as altas dosagens utilizadas em uma infusão (aproximadamente 106 células/kg). Já que os sistemas tradicionais se mostram ineficientes para suprir a demanda, se faz necessário o uso de sistemas de cultivos agitados como frascos spinner, e suportes como microcarregadores, como uma alternativa útil na expansão celular em larga escala. Apesar de ser uma técnica bem consolidada, ainda necessitam-se de alguns ajustes, especialmente no que se refere à tendência natural das CMM à formação de aglomerados, os quais impedem o acesso aos nutrientes e dificultam a recuperação das células no final do cultivo. Sabe-se que aditivos como a dextrana ou suas formas sulfatadas possuem propriedades anticoagulantes e antiaglomerantes, e mostram-se como uma alternativa promissora para modular a formação destes aglomerados. Assim, neste trabalho abordou-se uma perspectiva de solução do problema ao se avaliar a influência do sulfato de dextrana (SD) nos cultivos de CMM em frasco spinner. Desta forma foram realizados cultivos da linhagem hMSCTERT em frasco spinner contendo o microcarregador Cultispher-S na concentração de 3g/L, 50 mL de meio de cultura − suplementado com arginina, glicose, glutamina e 15% v/v de soro fetal bovino, mantidos a 37 ∘C numa incubadora de 2 e pH controlado. Os resultados evidenciam que a adição de SD na concentração de 0,05% teve uma influência negativa no cultivo, inibindo o crescimento, quando comparado ao controle. Já a concentração de 0,01% SD permitiu o cultivo das CMM. Embora tenha sido observado a presença de aglomerados, estes não atingiram os diâmetros observados no experimento controle, permitindo um alto crescimento celular chegando-se a fatores de expansão de 13 vezes. Com as células recuperadas após a expansão se comprovou a manutenção das características imunofenotípicas através das análises de citômetria de fluxo e a manutenção da potencialidade pela indução da diferenciação em adipócitos e osteócitos. Também se avaliou, seguindo esquema experimental semelhante, um antiaglomerante comercial com resultados pouco satisfatórios.Brasil. Ministério da Educação. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes

Epstein-Barr Virus Association with Peptic Ulcer Disease

Background. Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) use are considered the main risk to develop peptic ulcer disease (PUD). However, PUD also occurs in the absence of HP infection and/or NSAID use. Recently, we have found evidence that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation increases the risk to develop premalignant and malignant gastric lesions. Objective. To study a possible association between EBV and PUD. Methods. Antibodies against an EBV reactivation antigen, HP, and the HP virulence factor CagA were measured in sera from 207 Mexican subjects, controls (healthy individuals, n = 129), and PUD patients (n = 78, 58 duodenal and 20 gastric ulcers). Statistical associations were estimated. Results. Duodenal PUD was significantly associated with high anti-EBV IgG titers (p = 0.022, OR = 2.5), while anti-EBV IgA was positively associated with gastric PUD (p = 0.002, OR = 10.1). Conclusions. Our study suggests that EBV reactivation in gastric and duodenal epithelium increases the risk to develop PUD

Reproducibilidad del diagnóstico histopatológico de lesiones precursoras del carcinoma gástrico en tres países latinoamericanos

Objetivo. Evaluar la concordancia en el diagnóstico de lesiones precursoras del carcinoma gástrico de tipo intestinal entre observadores con diferente experiencia. Material y métodos. Se estudiaron 1 056 casos de biopsias gástricas: 341 de Colombia, 382 de México y 333 de Paraguay. En el diagnóstico de cada caso participaron patólogos sin experiencia en patología gastrointestinal (A), patólogos con experiencia en patología gastrointestinal (B) y expertos que trabajan en un centro de referencia internacional (C). Resultados. La concordancia (k) entre patólogos inexpertos y expertos fue pobre en el diagnóstico de gastritis atrófica (k=0.04 a 0.12) y displasia (k=0.11 a 0.05) y buena en el diagnóstico de metaplasia intestinal (k=0.52 a 0.58); la supervisión de un patólogo inexperto por un experto mejoró notablemente la concordancia en el diagnóstico de gastritis atrófica (k=0.65) y metaplasia intestinal (k=0.91) y, en un menor grado, de displasia (k=0.28). Al comparar la concordancia entre expertos antes y después de la reunión de consenso no hubo variación en el diagnóstico de gastritis atrófica (k=0.57); la concordancia varió de buena a excelente en el de metaplasia intestinal (k=0.67 a 0.81) y de pobre a buena en el de displasia (k=0.18 a 0.66). Conclusión. Los principales problemas se presentan en el diagnóstico de la gastritis crónica atrófica y la displasia. La concordancia interobservador depende de la experiencia del observador y la lectura de consenso.Objective. The aim was to evaluate the concordance in the diagnosis of precursor lesions of intestinal-type gastric carcinoma among observers with different levels of experience. Material and Methods. Gastric biopsies from 1 056 cases were studied: 341 from Colombia, 382 from Mexico, and 333 from Paraguay. Pathologists without experience (A) and with experience (B) in gastrointestinal pathology, as well as experts working in an international reference center (C) participated in the diagnosis of each case. Results. The concordance (k) between pathologists with experience and those without was poor for the diagnosis of atrophic gastritis (k=0.04 to 0.12) and dysplasia (k=0.11 to 0.05), and good for the diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia (k=0.52 to 0.58). Supervision of pathologists without experience by those with experience remarkably improved the concordance in the diagnosis of atrophic gastritis (k=0.65) and intestinal metaplasia (k=0.91), and to a lesser degree, of dysplasia (k=0.28). The concordance among experts before and after the consensus meeting showed no variation in the diagnosis of atrophic gastritis (k=0.57); the concordance varied from good to excellent in the diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia (k=0.67 to 0.81) and from poor to good in that of dysplasia (k=0.18 to 0.66). Conclusion. The greatest differences arose in the diagnosis of chronic atrophic gastritis and dysplasia. The interobserver concordance depended on the experience of the observer and the consensus reading

Genetic polymorphisms in the cag pathogenicity island of Helicobacter pylori and risk of stomach cancer and high‐grade premalignant gastric lesions

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (Hp) infects the stomach of about half of the human population and is strongly associated with the risk of gastric cancer (GC) and its premalignant precursors. The cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) is a region of the Hp genome encoding for key molecular machinery involved in the infection process. Following a sequencing study, we selected 50 genetic polymorphisms located in seven cagPAI genes and tested their associations with the risk of advanced gastric premalignant lesions and GC in 1220 subjects from various Latin American populations showing the whole spectrum of phenotypes from gastritis to GC. We found that three polymorphisms of cagA are associated with the risk of advanced gastric premalignant lesions (incomplete intestinal metaplasia [ie, Type 2 and 3] or dysplasia), and that six polymorphisms located in cagA, cagL and cagI were associated with risk of GC. When corrected for multiple testing none of the associations were statistically significant. However, scores built by integrating the individual polymorphisms were significantly associated with the risk of advanced gastric premalignant lesions and GC. These results have the potential of establishing markers for risk stratification in the general population, in view of targeting Hp eradication to high‐risk population groups

Establecimiento de las bases biotecnológicas y ecológicas en la mejora genética de Vanilla planifolia Jacqs. (Orchidaceae)

Vanilla planifolia Jacks is a genetic resource of socio-economic importance to the State of Veracruz, México. However, in recent years, this culture is facing a serious problem due to the fall of its fruits. To contribute to the conservation, improvement and management of V. planifolia, it has been developed a network project for the strengthening of academic bodies sponsored by the Secretariat of public education. This paper presents some of the progress made in this context

Factors associated to depression symptomatology in sex workers

Introducción: Las condiciones de trabajo y la violencia ejercida contra las trabajadoras sexuales han sido relacionadas con el incremento de las tasas de infecciones de transmisión sexual. Sin embargo, también se encuentran enfermedades que afectan su salud mental. Objetivos: Determinar la magnitud de síntomas depresivos y factores asociados en trabajadoras sexuales. Diseño: Estudio transversal-analítico. Lugar: Centro de salud referencial para la prevención y control de infecciones de transmisión sexual. Participantes: Trabajadoras sexuales. Intervenciones: A 117 trabajadoras sexuales, que fueron atendidas durante los meses de mayo y junio del 2010, se aplicó el test de Beck para medir la sintomatología depresiva y una encuesta para medir los siguientes factores: socio-demográficos, sociales (antecedentes de maltrato físico, psicológico y sexual en el trabajo y hábitos nocivos: alcohol y drogas), conductas sexuales de riesgo y características del trabajo (edad de inicio, años de trabajo, satisfacción con el trabajo). Principales medidas de resultados: Porcentaje de síntomas depresivos y fuerza de asociación entre los factores y la presencia de síntomas depresivos. Resultados: El 56,4% de las trabajadoras sexuales presentó algún nivel de sintomatología depresiva. El nivel de síntomas depresivos graves estuvo presente en 23,9%. Los factores que se encontraron asociados a depresión, independiente del nivel, fue el antecedente de maltrato físico frecuente, con OR=9,46, IC95% 1,05 a 85,07; p=0,045. Los factores asociados a nivel de síntomas depresivos graves fueron: ingreso económico menor a S/. 1 000.00, tener hijos, haberse iniciado en el trabajo sexual antes de los 18 años y consumo de drogas (p<0,05). Conclusiones: Más de 50% de trabajadoras presentó algún nivel de síntomas depresivos, que estuvieron asociados al antecedente de maltrato físico. Para el nivel síntomas depresivos graves, los factores asociados fueron: ingreso económico menor a S/. 1 000.00, tener hijos, haberse iniciado en el trabajo sexual antes de los 18 años y consumir drogas.Introduction: The working conditions and violence against sex workers has been linked to increasing rates of sexual transmitted diseases. But there are also other diseases that affect their mental health. Objectives: To determine the magnitude of depressive symptoms and associated factors in sex workers. Design: Crossanalytic study. Setting: Health Centre of reference for the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections. Participants: Sex workers. Interventions: Beck test was applied to 117 sex workers attended between May and June 2010 in order to measure depressive symptoms as well as a survey to determine socio-demographic and social (physical abuse, psychological and sexual labor and harmful habits: alcohol and drug abuse) factors, risky sexual behavior and job characteristics (age at onset, years of work, job satisfaction). Main outcome measures: Percentage of depressive symptoms and weight of association between factors and presence of depressive symptoms. Results: Some level of depressive symptoms was found in 56,4% of sex workers. Severe depressive symptoms were present in 23,9%. Main factor associated with depression was background of frequent physical abuse (OR = 9,46, CI95%: 1,05 to 85,07; p = 0,045). Factors associated with severe depressive symptoms were income less than S/. 1 000.00, having children, having started sex work before age 18, and drug abuse (p <0,05). Conclusions: Over 50% of sex workers had some level of depressive symptoms generally associated with history of physical abuse. Severe depressive symptoms were associated to income less than S/. 1 000.00, having children, having started sex work before age 18, and drug abuse

Entramado productivo minero en San Juan. Herramientas de intervención desde un abordaje territorial.

Esta investigación es un proyecto de desarrollo tecnológico social (PDTS) orientado a generar por un lado, conocimiento sobre la dinámica socio-técnica de la principal actividad económica en la provincia y por otro, realizar propuestas innovadoras que aprovechen y fortalezcan las capacidades territoriales generadas y acumuladas por la minería en San Juan.EEA San JuanFil: Moscheni, Margarita. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Ureta, Adriana Alimé. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Checcarelli Pintor, Angelo Emmanuel. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Heredia Flores, Augusto Marcos. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: De la Torre, Delia Inés. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Funes Poblete, Eliana Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Esquivel, Fabiana Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Hernández, Juan Jesús. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Neffa, Julio César. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: De los Ríos, Leonardo. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Doncel Ramallo, Lourdes Romina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Perez, Marta Lidia. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Godoy, María Victoria. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Grimalt, Miguel. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Luna, Pedro. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Ortiz Flores, Renzo Federico. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Gili Diez, Valeria. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; Argentin

Dinámica empresarial: análisis de coyuntura en Ecuador

Economía en pandemia surge como un aporte al análisis y conocimiento de la realidad económica, social y empresarial ecuatoriana desde la Maestría de Administración de Empresas de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana. La publicación aborda distintos temas: desde cuestiones relacionadas con las reformas tributarias ocurridas entre 2014 y 2018 hasta el análisis del impacto de la pandemia del COVID-19, en el sector de la construcción de la ciudad de Cuenca. Además, temas comerciales como el crecimiento de la demanda de automóviles de marcas chinas frente a marcas tradicionales, el análisis de las herramientas del comercio en línea utilizadas por la mipymes del sector textil y la relación comercial entre la concesionaria Yilport Terminal Operations del Terminal Marítimo Portuario de Puerto Bolívar ubicado en la provincia de El Oro

IKZF1plus is a frequent biomarker of adverse prognosis in Mexican pediatric patients with B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia

BackgroundRecurrent genetic alterations contributing to leukemogenesis have been identified in pediatric B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL), and some are useful for refining classification, prognosis, and treatment selection. IKZF1plus is a complex biomarker associated with a poor prognosis. It is characterized by IKZF1 deletion coexisting with PAX5, CDKN2A/2B, or PAR1 region deletions. The mutational spectrum and clinical impact of these alterations have scarcely been explored in Mexican pediatric patients with B-ALL. Here, we report the frequency of the IKZF1plus profile and the mutational spectrum of IKZF1, PAX5, CDKN2A/2B, and ERG genes and evaluate their impact on overall survival (OS) in a group of patients with B-ALL.MethodsA total of 206 pediatric patients with de novo B-ALL were included. DNA was obtained from bone marrow samples at diagnosis before treatment initiation. A custom-designed next-generation sequencing panel was used for mutational analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for OS estimation.ResultsWe identified the IKZF1plus profile in 21.8% of patients, which was higher than that previously reported in other studies. A significantly older age (p=0.04), a trend toward high-risk stratification (p=0.06), and a decrease in 5-year Overall Survival (OS) (p=0.009) were observed, although heterogeneous treatment protocols in our cohort would have impacted OS. A mutation frequency higher than that reported was found for IKZF1 (35.9%) and CDKN2A/2B (35.9%) but lower for PAX5 (26.6%). IKZF1MUT group was older at diagnosis (p=0.0002), and most of them were classified as high-risk (73.8%, p=0.02), while patients with CDKN2A/2BMUT had a higher leukocyte count (p=0.01) and a tendency toward a higher percentage of blasts (98.6%, >50% blasts, p=0.05) than the non-mutated patients. A decrease in OS was found in IKZF1MUT and CDKN2A/2BMUT patients, but the significance was lost after IKZF1plus was removed.DiscussionOur findings demonstrated that Mexican patients with B-ALL have a higher prevalence of genetic markers associated with poor outcomes. Incorporating genomic methodologies into the diagnostic process, a significant unmet need in low- and mid-income countries, will allow a comprehensive identification of relevant alterations, improving disease classification, treatment selection, and the general outcome

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe