Surgical treatment of lateral ankle instability. Does allograft tendon have a better functional result?

IntroductionSurgical treatment of lateral ankle instability can be performed with or without allograft. We compared these two technical options referring to patients’ functional, radiological and ultrasound data.Material and methodsForty patients were surgically treated for lateral painful instability of the ankle. Twenty patients underwent ligamentoplasty using the Broström-Gould technique and twenty underwent a ligamentoplasty by allograft tendon. Patients were matched in age and gender. The assessment was done at 2.5 years postoperatively by functional scores (Olerud & Molander, and Foot & Ankle Outcome), dynamic x-rays (focused on varus and anterior drawer stress tests) and ultrasound examination (focused on anterior talo-fibular and calcaneo-fibular ligaments). ResultsNo significant difference was found between the two techniques for all scores. DiscussionFunctional scores were more than 75% and the complication rate was low (<10%). Regarding the surgical technique, the tendon allograft could not prove to be more beneficial

Innovations en chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologie. Que retenir de 2016 ? : La prise en charge des hanches dysplasiques

La chirurgie de remplacement articulaire, quoiqu’elle ait laissé espérer offrir des résultats plus durables avec le développement des implants non cimentés et des couples de friction avec une usure plus faible, et ait vu ses indications s’accroître et s’étendre vers des patients plus jeunes, ne peut encore garantir au patient la longévité qui permettrait de n’avoir pas à considérer une reprise ultérieure. Le remplacement n’offre par ailleurs pas systématiquement le confort d’une articulation native. Le développement de techniques permettant de préserver l’articulation native et ralentir ou prévenir l’apparition de l’arthrose, revêt dès lors un intérêt tout particulier. La réalisation d’une ostéotomie péri-acétabulaire (PAO) dans la dysplasie de hanche rentre dans ce cadre, en permettant d’augmenter la couverture acétabulaire par une réorientation du cotyle. Le recours à une reconstruction préopératoire en trois dimensions et à une planification des ostéotomies et du mouvement de l’acétabulum permettent de prévoir les corrections. Le recours à des guides de coupe et à un scanner peropératoire permettent d’assurer le geste avec précision et d’en conserver le contrôle tout au long de la chirurgie. La PAO doit donc être considérée à l’heure actuelle comme le traitement de choix des dysplasies acétabulaires de l’adulte jeune, avant toute évolution arthrosique.[Innovations in orthopedic surgery and traumatology: what 2016 brought us ?] The management of hip dysplasia Although it was hoped for that joint replacement surgery would provide longer-lasting results through the development of uncemented implants and lowfriction bearings, and despite its indications being extended to younger patients, total hip arthroplasty does not allow for an implant with sufficient longevity to prevent us from considering a later revision. Moreover, replacement does not systematically offer the comfort of a native joint. The development of techniques designed to preserve the native joint and slow down or avoid osteoarthritis is therefore of particular interest. The realization of a periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) in hip dysplasia falls within this framework, increasing the acetabular coverage by a reorientation of the acetabulum. The use of preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction and planning help the surgeons to predict corrections. The use of cutting guides and an intraoperative scanner ensure accuracy and control throughout the whole intervention. PAO should therefore be recognized as the treatment of choice for acetabular dysplasia in young adults, prior to the occurrence of osteoarthritis

Volumineux synovialosarcome intrathoracique pleuro-pulmonaire

Thoracic synovial sarcoma is an uncommon mesenchymal tumor requiring a systematic diagnostic approach. Pathological and cytogenetical features allow a defi nitive diagnosis. Therapeutic management includes surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy in case of the absence of metastasis. We report the case of a young 18-year-old woman who presented with thoracic pain and progressive dyspnea. Thoracic imaging revealed a voluminous pleural basal tumoral lesion. A right voluminous synovial sarcoma was diagnosed, confirmed by detecting a translocation of the gene SSX1/SSX2 and the gene SYT. The patient benefi ted from a complete surgical resection and an adjuvant radiotherapy was performed. Diagnostic and therapeutic management has been reviewed

Uncommon observation of bifocal giant subchondral cysts in the hip: diagnostic role of CT arthrography and MRI, with pathological correlation.

Subchondral cysts (or geodes) are common in osteoarthritis (OA), usually in association with other typical signs, i.e., joint space narrowing, subchondral bone sclerosis, and osteophytosis. However, large lesions without the typical signs of OA or lesions located outside the weight-bearing areas are unusual and may be confused for other conditions, in particular, those of tumoral origin. We report the findings in a 48-year-old man who had been complaining of left buttock pain for 3 years, getting worse over the last year, and an evolutive limited range of motion of the hip. The pain was increased by weight-bearing and was not relieved by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Radiographs and CT showed a large multilocular lytic lesion within the femoral head and a large lytic lesion in the left ilio-ischiatic ramus, raising the question of bifocal tumoral involvement. On MRI, the lesions had low signal intensity on T1- and high signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images, with subtle peripheral enhancement on post-contrast T1-weighted images. CT arthrography, by demonstrating a communication between the femoral head and ischiatic cysts and the joint space allowed us to definitively rule out malignant conditions and to make the diagnosis of subchondral bone cysts. Total hip arthroplasty was performed. Pathological analysis of the resected femoral head and of material obtained at curettage of the ischiatic lesion confirmed the diagnosis of degenerative geodes. This case illustrates an atypical bifocal location of giant subchondral cysts in the hip joint mimicking lytic tumors, in the absence of osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, and highlights the role of CT arthrography in identifying this condition

Surgical treatment of lateral ankle instability. Does allograft tendon have a better functional result?

Surgical treatment of lateral ankle instability can be performed with or without allograft. We compared these two technical options referring to patients’ functional, radiological and ultrasound data. Forty patients were surgically treated for lateral pain- ful instability of the ankle. Twenty patients underwent ligamentoplasty using the Broström-Gould technique and twenty underwent a ligamentoplasty by allograft tendon. Patients were matched in age and gender. The assessment was done at 2.5 years postoperatively by functional scores (Olerud & Molander, and Foot & Ankle Outcome), dynamic x-rays (focused on varus and anterior drawer stress tests) and ultrasound examination (focused on anterior talo-fibular and calcaneo-fibular ligaments). No significant difference was found between the two techniques for all scores. Functional scores were more than 75% and the com- plication rate was low (<10%). Regarding the surgical technique, the tendon allograft could not prove to be more beneficial

Restoration of the Posterior Glenoid in Recurrent Posterior Shoulder Instability Using an Arthroscopically Placed Iliac Crest Bone Graft: A Computed Tomography-Based Analysis

Background Posterior shoulder instability is uncommon, and its treatment is a challenging problem. An arthroscopically assisted technique for posterior iliac crest bone grafting (ICBG) has shown promising short- and long-term clinical results. Changes as shown on imaging scans after posterior ICBG for posterior shoulder instability have not been investigated in the recent literature. Purpose To evaluate changes on computed tomography (CT) after arthroscopically assisted posterior ICBG and to assess clinical outcomes. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Patients with preoperative CT scans and at least 2 postoperative CT scans with a minimum follow-up of 2 years were included in the evaluation. Of 49 initial patients, 17 (follow-up rate, 35%) met the inclusion criteria and were available for follow-up. We measured the glenoid version angle and the glenohumeral and scapulohumeral indices on the preoperative CT scans and compared them with measurements on the postoperative CT scans. Postoperatively, graft surface, resorption, and defect coverage were measured and compared with those at early follow-up (within 16 months) and final follow-up (mean ± SD, 6.6 ± 2.8 years). Results The mean preoperative glenoid version was -17° ± 13.5°, which was corrected to -9.9° ± 11.9° at final follow-up (P < .001). The humeral head was able to be recentered and reached normal values as indicated by the glenohumeral index (51.8% ± 6%; P = .042) and scapulohumeral index (59.6% ± 10.2%; P < .001) at final follow-up. Graft surface area decreased over the follow-up period, from 24% ± 9% of the glenoid surface at early follow-up to 17% ± 10% at final follow-up (P < .001). All clinical outcome scores had improved significantly. Progression of osteoarthritis was observed in 47% of the shoulders. Conclusion Arthroscopically assisted posterior ICBG restored reliable parameters as shown on CT scans, especially glenoid version and the posterior subluxation indices. Graft resorption was common and could be observed in all shoulders. Patient-reported clinical outcome scores were improved. Osteoarthritis progression in almost 50% of patients is concerning for the long-term success of this procedure

Correlation between preoperative clinical examination and intraoperatively found subscapularis tendon tear

PURPOSE Analyze the diagnostic value for subscapularis (SSC) tendon tears, their correlation between pain and strength on clinical tests, and compare them with intraoperative arthroscopic findings to prove their diagnostic value. METHODS 110 consecutive patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were reviewed and allocated to isolated SSC (n = 39) and combined anterosuperior tendon tear (n = 71) groups and analyzed. Preoperative clinical testing included belly press (BPT), bear hug (BHT), lift-off (LOT), palm-up (PUT), and Jobe test (JT). All tests were performed in two categories: pain (in 4 categories: 0, 5, 10, and 15) and strength (from 0 to 5). The tendon tears were intraoperatively reviewed and classified. RESULTS Mean age was 59 years (SD 10). The sensitivity of the BHT was 88.2% and 74.5% for BPT, while specificity was only 41.9% for BHT and 45% for BPT. Sensitivity of JT was 90.5% and 87.5% for PUT, while specificity was only 41% for JT and 28.2% for PUT. A low positive correlation for an intraoperative SSC lesion and the strength of BPT (Spearman rank correlation  - 0.425; p value < 0.0001) and the strength of BHT ( - 0.362; p value = 0.001) could be found. With linear regression analysis estimated by ordinary least squares, a correlation between BPT strength and surgical grade of SSC lesion (- 0.528; 95% CI, - 0.923 to - 0.133; pvalue < 0.01) was found. CONCLUSION The BHT showed a higher sensitivity for a SSC lesion, while the BPT had a higher correlation between preoperative testing, most notably internal rotation strength, and intraoperative surgical grade of the SSC tendon lesion. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, Prospective cohort study for Diagnostic tests

Acceptable Long-Term Outcomes of Arthroscopic Bone Grafting for Recurrent Posterior Shoulder Instability: Minimum Follow-Up of 5 Years

PURPOSE To examine the long-term clinical outcome associated with arthroscopically placed autologous iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) for recurrent posterior shoulder instability. METHODS From January 2008 to December 2013, patients treated with posterior ICBG and a minimum follow-up of 5 years were included. Clinical outcome of patients operated with a posterior ICBG was analyzed with multiple patient-reported outcome measures included Constant (CS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Walch-Duplay, and Rowe scores, shoulder subjective value, and pain visual analog score. Patient satisfaction was assessed by asking the patients their overall level of satisfaction at last follow-up on a 1 to 10 scale. RESULTS In total, 18 patients (19 shoulders) were included. At a mean follow-up of 7.3 years (range, 5-10 years), patients had significant improvements in their mean CS from 63 (standard deviation [SD] 18) to 80 (SD 18; P = .005), ASES from 57 (SD 18) to 81 (SD 18; P = .003), Walch-Duplay from 34 (SD 31) to 79 (SD 22; P < .001), and Rowe score from 37 (SD 23) to 79 (SD 24; P < .001). Pain level decreased from 5.6 (SD 2.5) preoperative to 2.3 (SD 2.3; P < .001) and shoulder subjective value improved 58 (SD 20) to 76 (SD 24; P = .002). Global satisfaction with the procedure was 8.4 (SD 2.1). Clinical significance was met or exceeded by 84% for CS and 89% of the patients for ASES and 95% met or exceeded satisfaction threshold for CS. There were 7 shoulders (37%) reoperated for symptomatic screw irritation. CONCLUSIONS This series reporting on the long-term follow-up after arthroscopic posterior ICBG for recurrent posterior shoulder instability demonstrates, despite a high number of reoperations for symptomatic screw irritation, its effectiveness with acceptable clinical outcomes and satisfied patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV, therapeutic case series

A Perspective on Synthetic Biology in Drug Discovery and Development - Current Impact and Future Opportunities

The global impact of synthetic biology has been accelerating, because of the plummeting cost of DNA synthesis, advances in genetic engineering, growing understanding of genome organization, and explosion in data science. However, much of the discipline’s application in the pharmaceutical industry remains enigmatic. In this review, we highlight recent examples of the impact of synthetic biology on target validation, assay development, hit finding, lead optimization, and chemical synthesis, through to the development of cellular therapeutics. We also highlight the availability of tools and technologies driving the discipline. Synthetic biology is certainly impacting all stages of drug discovery and development, and the recognition of the discipline’s contribution can further enhance the opportunities for the drug discovery and development value chain