WINTER HARDINESS OF BREAD WHEAT FROM THE VIR COLLECTION IN ENVIRONMENTS OF THE NORTHWESTERN AND CENTRAL BLACK SOIL REGIONS OF RUSSIA

Background. Winter wheat resistance to adverse winter­ing conditions is one of the most important adaptive charac­teristics. To obtain high yields, modern wheat cultivars should have various protective reactions. For their success­ful combination in one genotype, the availability of appro­priate initial material is of great importance. In Russia, the accessions from the VIR collection are traditionally used as initial material for wheat breeding. The aims of the present study were (1) to evaluate winter hardiness in accessions from the VIR collection in a field test, and (2) to use the ob­tained data and those on the geographical origin of acces­sions for making up the target sub-collection and perform­ing its eco-geographical studies.Materials and methods. The initial sample for field screening contained 431 acces­sions of common winter wheat from different regions of Russia and the former USSR, and 484 accessions from 18 foreign countries. Winter hardiness of these accessions was tested in the environmental conditions of the North­western region (Pushkin, 59°41′N 30°20′E, 2006/2007, 2007/2008 and 2013/2014) and of the Central Black Soil re­gion (Yekaterinino, 52°59′N 40°50′E, Tambov Province, 2007/2008 and 2008/2009). The degree of winter hardi­ness was determined in accordance with the technique de­veloped at VIR.Results and conclusions. In 2006/2007, in Pushkin, a high and a very high degree of winter hardiness was displayed by 114 accessions with the origin from Rus­sia and the former USSR as well as by 12 accessions from foreign countries. Based on the obtained data and taking into account the diversity of the geographical origin of ac­cessions, the target sub-collection was formed, whose ac­cessions were subjected to eco-geographical two-year field studies (Pushkin, 59°41′N 30°20′E, 2007/2008, 2013/2014, and Yekaterinino, 52°59′N 40°50′N, Tambov Province, 2007/2008, 2008/2009). The Friedman’s variance analysis has shown that variation on winter hardiness in 158 acces­sions from the target sub-collection was determined by the environmental conditions of wheat cultivation (χ2э = 256.7; df = 4; χ2W=0.05 = 9.5) and by genetic differences between ac­cessions (χ2э = 239.3; df = 157; χ2W=0.05 = 187.2) at that effect of the prior was stronger than that of the latter. By using the cluster analysis (k-means algorithm), the target sub-collec­tion structure has been revealed. Twelve accessions that overwintered well at both geographical locations during all the years of testing were identified

Влияние стоимости нематериальных активов на капитализацию продуктовых ритейлеров в целях их устойчивого роста

The objective of the research in the article is the food retail companies that occupy leading positions in the Russian and foreign markets. The subject of the study is financial and economic relations in the field of the use of intangible assets (IA) as a significant factor in increasing the capitalization of food retailers and their sustainable development. The relevance of the problem is due, on the one hand, to the significant contribution of trade to the country’s GDP, on the other hand, to the need to find new drivers for the sustainable development of food retailers in the context of overcoming the negative consequences of the pandemic and the digital economy. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of the value of intangible assets on the capitalization of food retailers. The authors applied the methods of comparative analysis, calculation of financial and economic indicators, correlation, and regression analysis of statistical data processing. The authors used Student’s t-test and Fisher’s f-test to confirm the quality of the constructed model. The study shows that Russian food retailers, as compared to foreign ones, occupy a smaller market share in the domestic economy and have a smaller share of intangible assets in the non-current assets of companies (except for X5 Retail Group). On the Russian food market, a trend has been revealed towards an increase in the production of goods under private labels and a decrease in the presence of foreign retailers, as well as an increase in the share of online trading that requires the use of intellectual property, including digital intangible assets, and leads to an increase in cash flows. Based on multivariate correlation analysis, it was found that the capitalization of trading companies in the food sector is most affected by the value of intangible assets and return on them. The constructed model of linear two-factor regression allows the authors to conclude that with an increase in the value of intangible assets by 1%, the market capitalization of a company increases by 10% with a constant return on assets. The article provides recommendations for Russian food retailers on the formation and use of a portfolio of intangible assets for value-based business management, which will contribute to their sustainable development.Объектом исследования выступают компании продуктовой розничной торговли, которые занимают лидирующие позиции на российских и зарубежных рынках. Предметом исследования являются финансово-экономические отношения в области использования нематериальных активов (НМА) как значимого фактора увеличения капитализации продуктовых ритейлеров и их устойчивого роста. Актуальность проблематики обусловлена, с одной стороны, существенным вкладом торговли в ВВП страны, с другой — необходимостью поиска новых драйверов устойчивого развития продуктовых ритейлеров в условиях преодоления негативных последствий пандемии и цифровизации экономики. Цель исследования заключается в оценке влияния стоимости нематериальных активов на капитализацию продуктовых ритейлеров. Использованы методы сравнительного анализа, расчета финансово-экономических показателей, корреляционно-регрессионного анализа статистической обработки данных. Для подтверждения качества построенной модели использована t-статистика Стьюдента и F-критерий Фишера. Показано, что российские продуктовые ритейлеры по сравнению с зарубежными занимают меньшую долю рынка в отечественной экономике и имеют более низкую долю НМА в составе внеоборотных активов компаний (за исключением компании Х5 Retail Group). Выявлена тенденция на российском продуктовом рынке к росту производства товаров собственных торговых марок и сокращению присутствия иностранных ритейлеров, а также к увеличению доли торговли в онлайн-формате, что требует использования объектов интеллектуальной собственности, в том числе цифровых нематериальных активов, и приводит к росту денежных потоков. На основе многофакторного корреляционного анализа установлено, что на капитализацию торговых компаний продовольственного сектора наибольшее влияние оказывает стоимость нематериальных активов и их рентабельность. Построенная модель линейной двухфакторной регрессии позволяет сделать вывод, что с увеличением стоимости нематериальных активов на 1% рыночная капитализация компании возрастает на 10% при неизменной рентабельности активов. Приведены рекомендации для российских продуктовых ритейлеров по формированию и использованию портфеля нематериальных активов для стоимостно ориентированного управления бизнесом, что будет способствовать их устойчивому развитию

Comparative study of melaphen and kinetin influence on the growth and energetic process of plant cells

The results obtained for the unicellular algae Chlorella vulgaris as an object indicate that synthetic preparation melaphen, like kinetin, participates in regulation of many physiological processes in plants. It is concluded from the data on unidirectional action of natural phytohormone kinetin and melaphen on the plant cell. However, their action mechanism can be not identical