Karst geomorphology of the Puketoi Range, Northern Wairarapa, New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geography at Massey University

The research described in this thesis is the first investigation of the karst geomorphology of Pliocene and Pleistocene limestones in the southern Hawke's Bay - northern Wairarapa area. The study area is the Puketoi Range, which is situated 30 km southeast of Dannevirke. The geology of the range is examined and a new geological map of the area has been completed. The Te Aute Group (Pliocene in age) forms much of the range. This consists of two limestone beds, the Te Onepu and Awapapa Limestone Formations interbedded between two mudstone beds. This is overlain by younger Pleistocene material, the Kumeroa Formation, the upper portion of which is limestone underlain by mudstone. Solutional processes and erosion within the range is investigated. Three distinctive types of water are identified: allogenic water derived from non-karst areas, autogenic water derived from the limestone, and mixed allogenic-autogenic water. Each of these water types has specific characteristics. The solutional erosion rate for a limestone basin within the range is approximately 58.2 m3/km2/yr. Selected karst and non-karst landforms and features developed on the Puketoi Range are examined. Two of these features, case-hardened limestone and bogaz, have not previously been described in detail in New Zealand. Many of the features are the result of, or have been modified by, past periglacial climatic conditions. Other landforms are developing under present climatic conditions. The characteristics of three drainage basins developed on limestone, mudstone and greywacke respectively, are investigated. The drainage density on mudstone is the highest of the three basins examined, and densities on limestone and greywacke are similar. Sediment is examined from two caves in the area. Within Ramsay's Neck Cave ancient sediment was probably deposited during the Otira Glaciation. This sediment consists of ancient cave stream sediment, forming basal gravels overlain by fine-grained sediment and, in places, speleothems. This sediment contains allophane, a volcanically derived material, which was possibly deposited after a heavy volcanic ash fall within the cave's drainage basin. The sediment examined within PT17 Cave is contemporary gravel fluctuating in response to present hydrological conditions within the cave. Surface features indicate that in the past, gravel has completely infilled the cave, re-establishing surface drainage until the gravel was flushed from the cave. The development of the Puketoi Range cuesta and its subsequent modification is examined. The two limestone beds on which the range has developed strongly control the shape and form of the range

Sodium Transport from Blood to Brain: Inhibition by Furosemide and Amiloride

Brain sodium uptake in vivo was studied using a modified intracarotid bolus injection technique in which the uptake of 22 Na + was compared with that of the relatively impermeable molecule, [ 3 H]l-glucose. At a Na + concentration of 1.4 m M , Na + uptake was 1.74 ± 0.07 times greater than l-glucose uptake. This decreased to 1.34 ± 0.04 at 140 m M Na + , indicating saturable Na + uptake. Relative Na + extraction was not affected by pH but was inhibited by amiloride ( K i = 3 ± 10 −7 M ) and by 1 m M furosemide. The effects of these two inhibitors were additive. Brain uptake of 86 Rb + , a K + analogue, was measured to study interaction of K + with Na + transport systems. Relative 86 Rb + extraction was also inhibited by amiloride; however, it was not inhibited by furosemide. The results suggest the presence of two distinct transport systems that allow Na + to cross the luminal membrane of the brain capillary endothelial cell. These transport systems could play an important role in the movement of Na + from blood to brain.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66216/1/j.1471-4159.1983.tb09066.x.pd

A generalized input-output model : combining demand- and supply-side systems

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1989.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-96).by Lorris Mizrahi.Ph.D

Input-output and secondary production

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1982.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCHBibliography: leaves 335-336.by Lorris Mizrahi.M.C.P

Mechanisms of Sodium Transport at the Blood-Brain Barrier Studied with In Situ Perfusion of Rat Brain

The mechanism of unidirectional transport of sodium from blood to brain in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats was examined using in situ perfusion. Sodium transport followed Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetics with a V max of 50.1 nmol/g/min and a K m of 17.7 m M in the left frontal cortex. The kinetic analysis indicated that, at a physiologic sodium concentration, ∼26% of sodium transport at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was carrier mediated. Dimethylamiloride (25 µ M ), an inhibitor of Na + /H + exchange, reduced sodium transport by 28%, whereas phenamil (25 µ M ), a sodium channel inhibitor, reduced the transfer constant for sodium by 22%. Bumetanide (250 µ M ) and hydrochlorothiazide (1.5 m M ), inhibitors of Na + -K + -2Cl − /NaCl symport, were ineffective in reducing blood to brain sodium transport. Acetazolamide (0.25 m M ), an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, did not change sodium transport at the BBB. Finally, a perfusate pH of 7.0 or 7.8 or a perfusate Pco 2 of 86 mm Hg failed to change sodium transport. These results indicate that 50% of transcellular transport of sodium from blood to brain occurs through Na + /H + exchange and a sodium channel in the luminal membrane of the BBB. We propose that the sodium transport systems at the luminal membrane of the BBB, in conjunction with Cl − /HCO 3 − exchange, lead to net NaCl secretion and obligate water transport into the brain.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65689/1/j.1471-4159.1996.66020756.x.pd

Consommations énergétiques et cadres de vie:analyses en termes de modes de vie

The detailed analysis of energy consumption requires a global approach to behaviour and individual action registers. This makes it possible to investigate the question between the different spheres of activity of people, from housing to habitat and from habitat to travel. This thesis aims to analyze, through the creation of a lifestyle variable, to what extent these explain the coherence between practices and values of individuals, and whether they allow a better approach to energy consumption between the two sectors of housing and mobility. Our questioning led to the construction of a typology of respondents based on the activities carried out and their values. Our methodology is based on an ad-hoc survey carried out at the end of 2013 among 2191 French households. The questionnaires provide us with information on the activities carried out, mobility behaviour and associated energy consumption. These elements are complemented by a series of more specific questions about the values and aspirations of respondents. First, we have shown that the relevance of using the lifestyle variable for analyzing energy consumption can be observed at a disaggregated level. We found significant differences in consumption between individuals and their lifestyles through mobility patterns and modes of travel, as well as the uses and types of energy used at home. To understand these differences, we analyzed in detail how individualâs energy consumption is spatially distributed according to their lifestyle, showing mechanisms of compensation, cumulation and independence between spaces. Each lifestyle has its own pattern of consumption, influenced by socio-demographic and spatial variables. Our second questioning concerns the relationship between lifestyle and the living environment of individuals and the consequences on energy consumption. First, through residential congruence, we show that lifestyle has a concrete influence on residential choice. Secondly, we demonstrate that residential dissonance, contrary to congruence, is conditioned by the positioning of individuals in the lifecycle as well as the technical offer of the territory. We highlight the fact that these discordances generate effects of over-consumption of energy, either in the home or during mobility, due to frustration with unrealized residential aspirations. In order to go beyond the unique use of density in analyzing the role of lifestyle and living environment on people's energy consumption, we have created territories with functional, structural and sensitive attributes. While individuals show very different consumptions according to the inhabited territory, lifestyles hardly directly related to consumptions. The same is true of housing, since we see the major role played by the type of housing, the surface area and age of buildings on energy consumption in the home rather than that of lifestyles. However, the latter influence the possession of equipment. We thus show that lifestyle, the position in the lifecycle, the technical offer of the territory conditions the choice of a living environment and generally the "consumption space" of individuals. We note that the choice of a specific living environment conditions the practice of certain activities and can influence residential aspirations already anchored in individuals. It is this recursive relationship between lifestyle and living environment that will condition the volumes and forms of energy consumed on a daily basis

Oxygen Free-Radical Reduction of Brain Capillary Rubidium Uptake

Free radicals are proposed to play a role in the injury following cerebral ischemia in which cerebral edema is a prominent feature. To determine whether free radicals might alter the movement of ions and water across the blood-brain barrier, we examined their effect on brain capillary transport. Rat brain capillaries were isolated, incubated with a system that generates free radicals, and various capillary transport systems were studied. Rubidium uptake was reduced 74% whereas rubidium efflux, glucose transport, and capillary water space were unchanged. The results following the addition of radical scavengers indicated that hydrogen peroxide or a related free radical was the toxic species. These data suggest that free radicals can impair capillary endothelial cell mechanisms that help maintain homeostasis of electrolytes and water in brain.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65815/1/j.1471-4159.1986.tb12981.x.pd

Mise en ligne d'un atlas d’images tomodensitométriques physiologiques du hérisson d’Europe (Erinaceus europaeus).

L’examen scanner, bien qu’il ne soit pas encore démocratisé au même niveau que la radiographie ou l’échographie, est de plus en plus employé en médecine vétérinaire. Néanmoins, son utilisation étant récente dans la pratique vétérinaire, les connaissances liées à son principe de fonctionnement et à son interprétation demandent encore à être approfondies dans la profession, surtout s’agissant de la faune sauvage. Cette thèse ne traite que du hérisson d’Europe (Erinaceus europaeus) mais elle s’inscrit dans un ensemble de thèses plus large qui concernent l’imagerie des nouveaux animaux de compagnie et de la faune sauvage. Son but est de proposer un atlas d’images tomodensitométrique légendées de hérisson d’Europe sain. Les images recueillies sont obtenues selon différentes fenêtres d’acquisition (tissu osseux, tissus mous, tissu pulmonaire). Afin d’en faciliter l’accès l’atlas a été mis en ligne, il est donc laissé à disposition de tous, praticiens comme étudiants

Endogenous TOM20 Proximity Labeling:A Swiss-Knife for the Study of Mitochondrial Proteins in Human Cells

Biotin-based proximity labeling approaches, such as BioID, have demonstrated their use for the study of mitochondria proteomes in living cells. The use of genetically engineered BioID cell lines enables the detailed characterization of poorly characterized processes such as mitochondrial co-translational import. In this process, translation is coupled to the translocation of the mitochondrial proteins, alleviating the energy cost typically associated with the post-translational import relying on chaperone systems. However, the mechanisms are still unclear with only few actors identified but none that have been described in mammals yet. We thus profiled the TOM20 proxisome using BioID, assuming that some of the identified proteins could be molecular actors of the co-translational import in human cells. The obtained results showed a high enrichment of RNA binding proteins close to the TOM complex. However, for the few selected candidates, we could not demonstrate a role in the mitochondrial co-translational import process. Nonetheless, we were able to demonstrate additional uses of our BioID cell line. Indeed, the experimental approach used in this study is thus proposed for the identification of mitochondrial co-translational import effectors and for the monitoring of protein entry inside mitochondria with a potential application in the prediction of mitochondrial protein half-life