EXPLORING THE USE OF COLLABORATIVE STRATEGIC IN READING CLASSROOM

The study was concerned to investigate the students’ reading comprehension students of SMA Negeri 3 OKU which was taught by using Collaborative Strategic Reading. The objectives of this study was to find out the students’ reading comprehension to the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 3 OKU which was taught by using Collaborative Strategic Reading. The population of this study was the whole of the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 3 OKU. The total number of the population was 258 students; and 30 students were taken as the sample through purposive sampling. The pre-test and post-test and observation were used as the techniques for collecting the data. The researcher concluded Based on the data analysis in chapter IV, the researcher found the students’ pre test score and post-test cycle I was improved from 60,89  to 72.94. Then the students’ post-test cycle I score and post-test cycle II was improved from 72,94 to 79.74. The researcher can be concluded that Collaborative Strategic Reading worked effectively and efficiently in helping the student’s reading comprehension at the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 3 OKU 2018/2019 and this learning has applied successfully and able to increased students’ ability in reading comprehension. The students were more active and participated in the teaching-learning process of reading comprehension. Therefore, Collaborative Strategic Reading can be alternative strategy for teacher in teaching reading which can improve their reading comprehension ability

Characterization of rag1 mutant zebrafish leukocytes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Zebrafish may prove to be one of the best vertebrate models for innate immunology. These fish have sophisticated immune components, yet rely heavily on innate immune mechanisms. Thus, the development and characterization of mutant and/or knock out zebrafish are critical to help define immune cell and immune gene functions in the zebrafish model. The use of Severe Combined Immunodeficient (SCID) and <it>recombination activation gene </it>1 and 2 mutant mice has allowed the investigation of the specific contribution of innate defenses in many infectious diseases. Similar zebrafish mutants are now being used in biomedical and fish immunology related research. This report describes the leukocyte populations in a unique model, <it>recombination activation gene 1</it>^-/-mutant zebrafish (<it>rag</it>1 mutants).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Differential counts of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) showed that <it>rag</it>1 mutants had significantly decreased lymphocyte-like cell populations (34.7%) compared to wild-types (70.5%), and significantly increased granulocyte populations (52.7%) compared to wild-types (17.6%). Monocyte/macrophage populations were similar between mutants and wild-types, 12.6% and 11.3%, respectively. Differential leukocyte counts of <it>rag</it>1 mutant kidney hematopoietic tissue showed a significantly reduced lymphocyte-like cell population (8%), a significantly increased myelomonocyte population (57%), 34.8% precursor cells, and 0.2% thrombocytes, while wild-type hematopoietic kidney tissue showed 29.4% lymphocytes/lymphocyte-like cells, 36.4% myelomonocytes, 33.8% precursors and 0.5% thrombocytes.</p> <p>Flow cytometric analyses of kidney hematopoietic tissue revealed three leukocyte populations. Population A was monocytes and granulocytes and comprised 34.7% of the gated cells in <it>rag</it>1 mutants and 17.6% in wild-types. Population B consisted of hematopoietic precursors, and comprised 50% of the gated cells for <it>rag</it>1 mutants and 53% for wild-types. Population C consisted of lymphocytes and lymphocyte-like cells and comprised 7% of the gated cells in the <it>rag</it>1 mutants and 26% in the wild-types.</p> <p>Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays demonstrated <it>rag</it>1 mutant kidney hematopoietic tissue expressed mRNA encoding Non-specific Cytotoxic cell receptor protein-1 (NCCRP-1) and Natural Killer (NK) cell lysin but lacked T cell receptor (TCR) and immunoglobulin (Ig) transcript expression, while wild-type kidney hematopoietic tissue expressed NCCRP-1, NK lysin, TCR and Ig transcript expression.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our study demonstrates that in comparison to wild-type zebrafish, <it>rag</it>1 mutants have a significantly reduced lymphocyte-like cell population that likely includes Non-specific cytotoxic cells (NCC) and NK cells (and lacks functional T and B lymphocytes), a similar macrophage/monocyte population, and a significantly increased neutrophil population. These zebrafish have comparable leukocyte populations to SCID and <it>rag </it>1 and/or 2 mutant mice, that possess macrophages, natural killer cells and neutrophils, but lack T and B lymphocytes. <it>Rag</it>1 mutant zebrafish will provide the platform for remarkable investigations in fish and innate immunology, as <it>rag </it>1 and 2 mutant mice did for mammalian immunology.</p

Miscellaneous almanacs in Spain, Italy and Portugal during the 18th century. Relations and influences of the “street literature” in a transnational panorama

Durante el siglo XVIII, el género del almanaque experimenta en España, Italia y Portugal un incremento notable en los niveles de producción editorial, el cual va acompañado de la introducción de numerosas novedades temáticas con las cuales los autores aspiran a llamar la atención de los hipotéticos compradores. La presente investigación pretende profundizar en el estudio de un segmento específico, el del almanaque “con miscelánea”, que representa una de las evoluciones más significativas en Europa del sur. Para ello, estudiaremos cuál es el origen de la tipología en los tres Estados, sus evoluciones en el Siglo de las Luces, así como las confluencias textuales existentes entre los modelos españoles, italianos y portugueses

José Zorrilla y los mitos fundacionales del romanticismo hispánico: sentido y estructura de la azucena silvestre: leyenda religiosa del siglo IX (1845) = José Zorrilla and the foundational myths of the Spanish Romanticism: sense and structure of la azucena silvestre: leyenda religiosa del siglo IX (1845)</i>

José Zorrilla publica en 1845 La azucena silvestre: leyenda religiosa del siglo IX. Utilizando la leyenda como cauce narrativo, el poeta vallisoletano actualiza el mito fundacional del monasterio catalán de Montserrat acomodándolo a los principios ideológicos del pensamiento reaccionario español decimonónico: tradición, nación y religión. José Zorrilla publishes in 1845 La azucena silvestre: leyenda religiosa del siglo IX. Using the legend as narrative style, the poet from Valladolid brings up to date the foundational myth of the Catalonian monastery of Montserrat streghtening the most important ideological principles of nineteenth-century Spain’s reactionary ideology: tradition, nation and religion

Acuñación, difusión y usos del término «literatura de cordel» en español: notas acerca de un posible lusismo

The documentary presence of the term «literatura de cordel» in Spanish can be verify at least since the second half of the 19th century, although the undeniable significance of the Ensayo sobre la literatura de cordel written by Julio Caro Baroja (1969) has extended the belief that it was its autor who coigned it. This article aims to clarify the etymology of the expression attending to the hemerographic and literary sources, that at the end confirm its portuguese origin as well as its rapports with the folklorist from Azores Teófilo Braga.La presencia documental del término «literatura de cordel» en español se constata al menos desde la segunda mitad del XIX, si bien la fama incontestable del Ensayo sobre la literatura de cordel de Julio Caro Baroja (1969) ha hecho que en determinados ambientes se instale la creencia de que fue su autor quien lo puso en circulación por primera vez. El presente artículo busca dilucidar la etimología de la expresión atendiendo a fuentes hemerográficas y literarias, lo que en última instancia permite postular su origen luso así como su vinculación con el folklorista azoriano Teófilo Braga

Eva María Flores Ruiz y Fernando Durán López (eds.), «Guerras de soledad, soldados de infamia. Representaciones de combatientes irregulares, clandestinos o mercenarios en la literatura española»

Las representaciones literarias del fenómeno de la guerra en general y de la figura del soldado en particular acostumbran a aparecer investidas del carácter reverencial atribuido al canon establecido. La etopeya clásica del militar se configura, por tanto, en base a su adhesión a los valores propios del oficialismo, tales como el heroísmo, la lealtad o la valentía. No obstante, por entre las fisuras de esta imagen ejemplar aflora otra más compleja y, por ello, más proble-mática: la del hombre que, sin renunciar a su condición guerrera, deserta, conspira, se acobarda, traiciona o fracasa

Unde malum? Imágenes de la Teodicea leibniziana en las odas filosóficas y sagradas de Juan Meléndez Valdés

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz publica en 1710 sus Essais de Théodicée sur la bonté de Dieu, la liberté de l’homme et l’origine du mal, donde desarrolla una explicación para origen del mal en el mundo que armonizase los principios de la razón y de la fe. La repercusión de esta obra en el ambiente intelectual europeo del siglo XVIII fue importantísima, si bien se encontró tanto con defensores como con detractores. Este artículo trata de demostrar la influencia de esta corriente filosófica en el poeta Juan Meléndez Valdés, particularmente en sus odas filosóficas y sagradas. Con ello pretendemos colaborar arrojando algo de luz en el complejo entramado de intertextualidades que constituye su poesía, al tiempo que aspiramos a que las conclusiones extraídas sirvan para alinear pertinentemente a este autor con otros de su clase a nivel europeo. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz published in 1710 his Essais de Théodicée sur la bonté de Dieu, la liberté de l'homme et l'origine du mal, where he developed an explanation for the origin of evil in the world that harmonized the principles of reason and faith. The repercussion of this work in the European intellectual environment of the 18th century was very important, although it met both defenders and detractors. This article tries to demonstrate the influence of this philosophical trend on the poet Juan Meléndez Valdés, particularly on his philosophical and sacred odes. With this we intend to shedd some light on the complex network of intertextualities that constitutes Valdés’ poetry, and we hope that the conclusions drawn will serve to properly align this author with others of his class at a European level.Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz pubblica nel 1710 i suoi Essais de Théodicée sur la bonté de Dieu, la liberté de l’homme et l’origine du mal, nei quali sviluppa un’ spiegazione per l’origine del male nel mondo dove si faranno armonizzare i principii della ragione e della fede. La ripercussione di quest’opera nell’ambiente intellettuale europeo è stata importantissima, sebbene c’erano difensori e detrattori. Questo articolo cerca di provare l’influenza di questa filosofia nel poeta Juan Meléndez Valdés, in particolare nei suoi odas filosóficas y sagradas. Con tutto questo pensiamo di chiarire la complicata struttura di intertestualità che costituiscono la sua poesia, e allo stesso tempo aspiriamo a posizionare accuratamente quest’autore con gli altri del livello europeo. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz published in 1710 his Essais de Théodicée sur la bonté de Dieu, la liberté de l'homme et l'origine du mal, where he developed an explanation for the origin of evil in the world that harmonized the principles of reason and faith. The repercussion of this work in the European intellectual environment of the 18th century was very important, although it met both defenders and detractors. This article tries to demonstrate the influence of this philosophical trend on the poet Juan Meléndez Valdés, particularly on his philosophical and sacred odes. With this we intend to shedd some light on the complex network of intertextualities that constitutes Valdés’ poetry, and we hope that the conclusions drawn will serve to properly align this author with others of his class at a European level

Fernando Durán López y Eva María Flores Ruiz (eds.), «Renglones de otro mundo. Nigromancia, espiritismo y manejos de ultratumba en las letras españolas (siglos XVIII-XX)»

El ochocientos, «siglo ángel y demonio» como acertó a definirlo Clarín, acoge en una misma circunstancia histórica diversas expresiones a la vez opuestas y complementarias, que sirven simultáneamente para contradecir la versión del competidor y, en el mismo ejercicio de reacción que suponen, para afirmar la existencia del contrario. Respecto a los modos del saber, junto a las muestras más exacerbadas del afán cientificista y objetivo (positivismo, naturalismo y demás corrientes filosóficas defensoras del conocimiento empírico), hallamos una serie de creencias esotéricas, es decir, solo para iniciados, conformada por doctrinas y pseudociencias tales como el espiritismo, la taumaturgia, el misticismo, la teosofía de Madame Blavatsky o el arte de la magia

Un approccio al fenomeno editoriale dell’almanacco di corte e la guida della città in Italia, Spagna e Portogallo nel Diciottesimo secolo

L’almanacco di corte e la guida della città – nota anche come «guida dei forestieri» – rappresentano due delle derivazioni più notevoli degli almanacchi europei del diciottesimo secolo per la loro varietà e consolidamento nel tempo. Questa ricerca si propone di indagare le origini europee di questo particolare segmento editoriale, ponendo l’accento sulle sue derivazioni nel contesto dell’Europa meridionale, in particolare in Spagna, Portogallo e negli stati italiani. L’obiettivo principale è quello di evidenziare le somiglianze tra la produzione spagnola, portoghese e italiana nel Settecento, tenendo conto dei criteri editoriali e testuali. Allo stesso tempo, però, questo studio intende anche mettere in evidenza le caratteristiche specifiche dell’almanacco di corte e della guida della città in ciascuno degli stati, al fine di tracciare un ritratto il più completo possibile di questo oggetto tipografico.The court almanac and the handbook – also known as the «foreigner’s guide» – represent one of the most remarkable derivations of 18th century European almanacs in terms of its variety and consolidation over time. This research seeks to investigate the European origins of this particular publishing segment, focusing on its derivations in the context of southern Europe, particularly in Spain, Portugal and the Italian states. The main objective is to highlight the similarities between Spanish, Portuguese and Italian production in the 18th century, taking into account editorial and textual criteria. At the same time, this study also aims to highlight the specific characteristics of the court almanac and the handbook in each of the states, in order to draw as complete a portrait of this typographic object as possible