Chemical evaluation of Carcavelos fortified wine aged in portuguese (Quercus pyrenaica) and french (Quercus robur) oak barrels at medium and high toast

Adega do Casal Manteiga is a winery, publicly owned by the Municipality of Oeiras that produces Carcavelos fortified wine. Carcavelos fortified wine is an appellation of origin and demarcated as D.O.P. (Denominação de Origem Protegida). This study examines the effects of barrels made from botanical species (Quercus pyrenaica, and Quercus robur) and toasting method (medium and high) on a single vintage wine that has been aged for 8 years. Twenty barrels were used, with five replicates for each factor. The barrels were fabricated and toasted using the same cooperage, J.M. Gonçalves in Portugal. Significant differences were seen between the species Q. robur and Q. pyrenaica, with an impact on total phenolic content, including both flavonoids and non-flavonoids. The total phenols of the wine aged in Q. pyrenaica barrels was significantly higher than in the Q. robur barrels, and Q. pyrenaica contained more flavonoids than Q. robur in medium and high toast barrels. Q. pyrenaica showed more non-flavonoid compounds than Q. robur inhigh and medium toasted barrels, but this difference in non-flavonoids was only statistically significant in the high toasted barrels. The degree of toasting had significant effects on the flavonoid content of the wine, as well as the tanning power. Flavonoid content increased for both Q. pyrenaica and Q. robur in the wines that were aged in high tasted barrels compared to those that were medium toasted. The tannin power decreased for both Q. pyrenaica and Q. robur when the toasting increasedinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Implementação de abastecimento interno normalizado

Mestrado em Engenharia e Gestão IndustrialDevido à crescente exigência dos consumidores e à elevada competitividade, é imprescindível que as organizações otimizem os seus processos internos com objetivo de minimizar ou eliminar os desperdícios, nomeadamente elevados stocks e custos de armazenamento. Neste sentido, é indispensável que as organizações apostem na implementação de técnicas lean e de melhoria contínua, visando melhorar e estabilizar os processos, promover a normalização do trabalho e permitir um fluxo na cadeia de valor livre de desperdício. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo principal implementar rotas de abastecimento internas em duas células (de montagem e de produção), recorrendo ao conceito de milkrun. Este conceito baseia-se nos princípios da filosofia just in time e do sistema kanban. Através da análise dos dados e restrições relativos a materiais e processos, da determinação das tarefas e atividades do milkrun e das necessidades das células a abastecer, foi possível construir rotas de abastecimento e determinar o tempo de ciclo do milkrun. Este trabalho possibilitou melhorar o controlo dos processos e a criar um fluxo eficiente de materiais e informação entre as diversas estações de trabalho existentes na fábrica.Due to the growing consumer demand and high competitiveness, it is imperative that organizations optimize their internal processes in order to minimize or eliminate waste, namely high inventories and storage costs. In this sense, it is essential that organizations bet on implementing lean techniques and continuous improvement in order to improve and stabilize processes, promote work standardization and allow flow in the supply chain without waste. This paper aims to implement the supply routes on two internal cells (production and assembly), using the concept of milkrun. This concept is based on the principles of philosophy JIT and kanban system. Through the analysis of the data and constraints for materials and processes, determining the milkrun tasks, activities and needs to fuel cells, it was possible to build supply routes and determine the milkrun cycle time. This work enabled better process control and create an efficient flow of materials and information between the various workstations in the factory

Sustainability Assessment of 2G Bioethanol Production from Residual Lignocellulosic Biomass

ABSTRACT: The development of sustainable biofuels can help to reduce the reliance on fossil fuels and mitigate the impact of climate change. This study analyzes bioethanol production from agro-forestry residual biomass, namely eucalyptus residues and corn stover. The study includes process simulation using Aspen Plus software, followed by economic analysis and life cycle assessment (LCA) with the help of SimaPro software and by applying the environmental footprint (EF) 3.0 method. The economic analysis on the biorefinery’s economic viability, equipment, and production costs reveals a positive decision for bioethanol production from eucalyptus residues due to logistical and transportation costs. The minimum ethanol selling price (MESP) obtained was 2.19 €/L and 2.45 €/L for eucalyptus residues and corn stover, respectively. From the LCA with a functional unit of 1 MJ of ethanol, bioethanol production from eucalyptus residues results in a single score impact of 37.86 µPt, whereas for corn stover, it is 33.47 µPt. In the climate change impact category, the eucalyptus residues scenario has an impact of 0.264 kg CO2 eq/MJ ethanol while corn stover leads to 0.254 kg CO2 eq/MJ ethanol. In-situ enzyme production, heat integration, and the use of renewable energy sources were also analyzed. Combining in situ enzyme production with renewable energy sources lowers CO2 equivalent emissions by 89% for both feedstocks, in comparison to the base-case scenario.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Biodiversity information systems using georeferencing and physical identification

Biodiversity information can be found in diverse information systems, ranging from large technical repositories for research purposes to dedicated databases supporting the web presence of natural sites. To deal with individual botanical objects, it is important to adopt the established scientific taxonomy. Providing a satisfying experience with current interface devices is also mandatory. Two problems have been addressed in this work: the unique identification of the objects and the representation of their physical location. The former has been tackled with QR code, a two-dimensional barcode standard, and the latter with the use of a PostgreSQL/PostGIS spatial database. The paper describes the development and test of a Web information system integrating physical identification and geo-referencing. The application in biodiversity information management shows that low-cost, state-of-the-art technologies can provide appropriate solutions even for small- and medium-sized natural sites, incorporating existing scientific information on species and contributing for a growing record of their occurrences. The system was tested on a university garden and can be used by site maintainers, visitors and researchers. The dataset collected in the site can be exported according to the Darwin Core biodiversity standard for research purposes

Metodologia para avaliação do desempenho sísmico de edifícios existentes com recurso a BIM

This presents a BIM-based methodology for the seismic performance assessment of existing mixed URM-RC buildings that consists of four phases: (1) Anamnesis, dedicated to the survey and collection of facts about the existing building, the structure and its environs. It aims at a better understanding of the complexity of different layers, historic phases, interventions and additions; (2) Diagnosis, dedicated to the analysis and interpretation of the collected facts in order to obtain the necessary understanding of the current state of conservation, the building’s behaviour and performance, and to discern about the eventual need for intervention; (3) Therapy, corresponding to the actual retrofitting design and can be performed using a fully developed information model (as in the case of new design), along with advanced BIM-based analysis and simulation methods to predict the expected improved performance and the related life cycle costs from the application of the proposed retrofitting measures and to evaluate different retrofitting proposals; and (4) Control, entailing a series of cyclical and regular monitoring actions and the implementation of strategies for a preventive conservation plan

Development of retrofitting solutions: Remedial wall ties for masonry enclosure brick walls

The external envelope walls of a significant percentage of the residential building stock in Southern European countries is commonly constituted by infill masonry walls. However, thousands of square meters of this masonry wall typology presents severe issues of cracking and instability, related to the incorrect and deficient support conditions of the outer brick panel of the double-leaf wall solution. In this work, an experimental campaign divided in two phases has been performed to evaluate the effectiveness of two different remedial wall ties retrofitting techniques (Solution A and Solution B) used for double leaf horizontally hollowed clay brick masonry façades. The first phase of the experimental campaign was performed on 120 isolated specimens of horizontally hollowed clay bricks, resorting to post- and pre-NP EN 771-1 brick exemplars (that is, new and pre-existent aged bricks, respectively), as well as on 4 square wallettes, with a side length of 1.20 m, considered as representative of a real scale scenario, for evaluating the two remedial wall ties retrofitting techniques. The second phase of the experimental campaign was performed to fully characterize the different failure types as well as the slipping phenomena observed in the first phase of the experimental campaign, focusing solely on the retrofitting technique Solution B and comprises 24 tests performed on isolated specimens, resourcing to new and pre-existent aged bricks as well. The results obtained by the use of these techniques revealed an average anchorage strength value ranging from 0.25 to 2.5 kN for each tested tie-bar. Solution B reveals an increase of double of the anchorage strength value in comparison to Solution A. In this sense, the global results revealed a suitable applicability of both retrofit studied solutions

Desafios e direções de investigação na identificação e caracterização de tipologias de edifícios de alvenaria intervencionados com recurso e betão armado

Os processos de reabilitação, reforço, renovação e/ou reconstrução de construções de alvenaria não-reforçada, em paralelo com o desenvolvimento e uso progressivo do betão armado desde o início do século XX, conduziram ao aparecimento de uma nova tipologia estrutural mista composta por alvenaria tradicional (URM) e betão armado (RC), designada aqui em diante como URM-RC (do inglês UnReinforcerced Masonry Reinforced Concrete). No entanto, ao longo dos anos, estas estruturas mistas resultantes de intervenções passadas têm, na maioria dos casos, demonstrado um comportamento sísmico desadequado. Apesar da sua elevada complexidade e heterogeneidade estrutural, carece-se ainda de investigação aprofundada para desmistificar o seu papel negativo, admissível, ou até necessário. Neste contexto, o presente artigo representa um primeiro passo para a compreensão definição e catalogação das tipologias existentes de edifícios mistos URM-RC. Com base na proposta de um sistema de classificação para a categorização e caracterização das diferentes tipologias mistas, este trabalho tem como principal objetivo apoiar futuras avaliações da vulnerabilidade sísmica deste tipo de edifícios em estudos futuros, bem como ajudar a conceber soluções de intervenções de reforço mais eficientes e adequadas. Adicionalmente, são identificados os principais desafios em aberto associados à avaliação da vulnerabilidade sísmica.The processes of rehabilitation, strengthening, renovation and/or reconstruction of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings, in parallel with the development and progressive use of reinforced concrete (RC) since the beginning of the 20th century, led to the creation of a mixed unreinforced masonry-reinforced concrete typology, hereinafter designated as URM-RC. However, over the years, these mixed structures derived from past interventions have often exhibited a poor seismic behaviour. Although their high structural complexity and heterogeneity, there is still a need for in depth research to demystify its negative, permissible, or even necessary role. In this context, the present paper represents a first step for the thorough understanding of the existing mixed URM-RC building typologies. A comprehensive cataloguing and categorization of the different mixed typologies is herein proposed in order to support a more reliable assessment of their seismic vulnerability in future studies, as well as to design proper strengthening interventions so as to avoid future disasters. Furthermore, a comprehensive array of open issues is given in a section dedicated to the associated challenges.O primeiro autor agradece a bolsa de doutoramento (referência: PD/BD/135201/2017) concedida pela FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia), ao abrigo do programa doutoral InfraRisk- (Analysis and Mitigation of Risks in Infrastructures). São igualmente devidos agradecimentos à Universidade de Aveiro e FCT/MEC pelo apoio financeiro à unidade de investigação RISCO – Aveiro Research Centre of Risks and Sustainability in Construction – (FCT/UID/ECI/04450/2013), e à unidade de investigação ISISE – Institute for sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering – (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007633)