Panorama dos comportamentos sexuais de risco na população adulta brasileira - PNS 2019

This corrects the article: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056004007 In the article “Panorama of risky sexual behaviors in the Brazilian adult population – PNS 2019”, DOI https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056004007, published on the Revista de Saúde Pública.2022;56:61, on pages 1,4,5,6,7 and 8 the RSP corrects tables 1 and 2, results section and estimates reported in the abstract and discussion.Corrige o artigo: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056004007 No artigo “Panorama dos comportamentos sexuais de risco na população adultabrasileira - PNS 2019”, DOI https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056004007,publicado na Revista de Saúde Pública.2022;56:61, nas páginas 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 e 9 a RSP corrigeas tabelas 1 e 2, a seção resultados e estimativas informadas no resumo e na discussão

Panorama dos comportamentos sexuais de risco na população adulta brasileira - PNS 2019

OBJETIVO Descrever os comportamentos sexuais de risco dos adultos brasileiros segundo características socioeconômicas, demográficas e regionais. MÉTODOS Foram analisados dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2019, referente à população de 18 anos de idade ou mais. Considerou-se como comportamentos sexuais de risco: a iniciação sexual precoce, antes dos 15 anos, e o não uso de preservativo na última relação sexual. Foram calculadas as prevalências e respectivos intervalos de confiança para os subgrupos de interesse. RESULTADOS A iniciação sexual precoce entre indivíduos adultos foi de 24% entre os homens e 11% entre as mulheres, sendo mais alta entre jovens com menores níveis de instrução e rendimento domiciliar. O não uso de preservativo se mostrou maior entre os casados/coabitantes, sem instrução ou com nível fundamental incompleto, e entre os mais velhos. A prevalência do não uso de preservativo entre casados/coabitantes foi igual em ambos os sexos (75%). No entanto, entre os não coabitantes, a disparidade entre os sexos se mostrou relevante uma vez que 39,1% das mulheres não usaram preservativo na última relação sexual, enquanto entre os homens esse resultado foi de 26,9%. CONCLUSÃO Nota-se, especialmente entre as mulheres, maiores prevalências de iniciação sexual precoce para as gerações mais novas. No que se refere ao não uso de preservativo, há disparidades de sexo importantes no grupo dos não coabitantes, além da alta prevalência entre os mais velhos, que devem ser consideradas na elaboração das políticas públicas. Os resultados do presente estudo são extremamente relevantes para compreensão da população adulta atualmente mais vulnerável às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, após mais de cinco anos sem estatísticas oficiais a respeito em âmbito nacional.OBJECTIVE To describe the risky sexual behaviors of Brazilian adults according to socioeconomic, demographic, and regional characteristics. METHODS Data from the 2019 National Health Survey, referring to the population aged 18 years or older, were analyzed. Risky sexual behaviors were considered: early sexual initiation, before the age of 15 years, and nonuse of condoms in the last sexual intercourse. Prevalence and respective confidence intervals were calculated for the subgroups of interest. RESULTS Early sexual initiation among adult individuals was 24% among men and 11% among women, being higher among young people with lower levels of education and household income. The nonuse of condoms was higher among married/cohabiting partners, no schooling or with some elementary school, and among older people. The prevalence of nonuse of condoms among married/cohabiting partners was the same in both sexes (75%). However, among non-cohabiting partners, gender disparity was relevant, as 39.1% of women did not use condoms in the last sexual intercourse, while among men this result was 26.9%. CONCLUSIONS Higher prevalence of early sexual initiation for younger generations is noteworthy, especially among women. Concerning the nonuse of condoms, there are important gender disparities in the group of non-cohabiting partners, in addition to the high prevalence among older people, which should be considered in the formulation of public policies. The results of the present study are extremely relevant for understanding the adult population currently more vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections, after over five years without official statistics on this matter at the national level

Africa’s Voices: Using mobile phones and radio to foster mediated public discussion and to gather public opinions in Africa

This paper presents the findings from a one-year applied research pilot project, Africa’s Voices, run by the University of Cambridge’s Centre of Governance and Human Rights (CGHR). Africa’s Voices developed out of CGHR’s wider research programme on politics, ICTs and interactive media in Africa. That research analyses how audiences interact with radio stations through mobile phones; how different actors including audiences, radio journalists, and governance actors (state officials, but also others such as community leaders and aid actors) perceive the importance of these interactions; and what the practical implications are for public discussion of political and social issues and for governance processes that shape access to and the quality of public goods. With Africa’s Voices, the CGHR research team piloted a programme format with local radio stations in eight sub-Saharan African countries with the objective of practically assessing the potential for deploying interactive radio to gather and comparatively analyse opinions of harder to reach sub-Saharan African populations. Besides evaluating optimal modes of working with smaller and more rural radio stations, the research has focused on patterns of audience participation in different formats of mediated public discussions and on the efficacy of different approaches to defining, gathering and measuring public opinion. This paper presents the results of the pilot and discusses them with respect to the abovementioned objectives. The paper also discusses some of the methodological and ethical challenges of using the affordances of ICT and interactive media that make them suitable for gathering and researching citizens’ opinion in Africa

Mediated Sociability: Audience Participation and Convened Citizen Engagement in Interactive Broadcast Shows in Africa

This article examines what drives audience participation in interactive broadcast shows, with implications for the democratic potential of these shows as spaces of citizen engagement and public discussion. It makes three contributions, the first two to audience and media studies and the last to political communication. First, it provides evidence to fill a gap in empirical knowledge on what drives audience participation in interactive broadcasts in Africa. “Mediated sociability”—the ways in which audience members are socialized into thinking about interactive broadcast shows as a space in which people like them have a voice—emerges as a strong determinant of audience participation. Second, it then uses this evidence from a non-Western perspective to reinforce the importance of conceptualizing the interactive broadcast show as a convened social space that can enable active citizenship. Third, by advancing scholarship on audiences and publics, the article deepens our understanding on the democratic significance of interactive broadcast in Africa and beyond.The research for this article was jointly funded by the Economic and Social Research Council and the Department for International Development in the United Kingdom (ES/J018945/1

A macrooxigenação controlada em mostos brancos: um caso prático

Com este trabalho pretende-se compreender a influência da macrooxigenação controlada em mostos brancos nas características físico-quimicas dos vinhos ao longo do tempo. Para o efeito foi efectuado um ensaio à escala industrial em que um mesmo mosto branco (50 000L) foi dividido em dois (25 000L). A um destes depósitos foi efectuada uma macrooxigenação controlada, e ao outro não. No final das fermentações alcoólicas os vinhos foram filtrados e engarrafados. As amostras em estudo serão sujeitas a um processo de envelhecimento acelerado por forma a avaliar a alteração existente na sua composição química, na sua capacidade antioxidante e nas suas caracteristicas cromáticas

Trend in the prevalence of depression and correlates in Brazil: results from the National Health Surveys 2013 and 2019

This study aims to evaluate national variation in depression prevalence overall and in different socioeconomic and demographic groups, health behaviors, and macro-regions of the country, between 2013 and 2019. Data were obtained from the National Health Surveys – PNS 2013 and 2019, which are cross-sectional surveys of the Brazilian general population. Participants aged 18 years and older included 60,202 individuals in 2013 and 88,531 in 2019. Depression was evaluated through the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Calculations were carried out population-weighted. Additional age-standardized analyses were conducted to account for demographic changes. The results showed that in the six-year period between the two surveys, the prevalence of depression in Brazil increased by 36.7%, going from 7.9% in 2013 to 10.8% in 2019, this increase is more marked among young adults, 18 to 24 years old, who were not working, where there was a significant and almost three-fold absolute difference increase in the prevalence of depression (3.7 in 2013 and 10.3 in 2019), an increase of 178.4%. Those living in urban areas of the country had a greater increase in the prevalence of depression in the six-year period (39.8%) when compared to residents in rural areas (20.2%). There was an increase in the prevalence of depression between 2013 and 2019 for the worst categories of the three health behaviors under study, for both sexes: heavy drinking, smoking, and lack of physical activity, following the pattern observed for the general population. Our results show evidence of a significant increase in the prevalence of depression over the six-year period between the two surveys, mainly among the younger and unemployed men. The country´s economic context of recession during this period may be an explanation for this finding

Organizational support for the workforce and employee safety citizenship behaviors: a social exchange relationship

Employee safety citizenship behaviors are crucial to risk management in safety-critical industries, and identifying ways to encourage them is a priority. This study examines (i) whether safety citizenship behaviors are a product of social exchanges between employees and organizations, and (ii) the organizational exchanges (i.e. actual activities to support employees) that underlie this relationship. We studied this in the offshore oil and gas industry, and investigated whether organizational activities for supporting workforce health are a signal to employees that the organization supports them, and an antecedent to safety citizenship behaviors. Using questionnaires, we collected data from employees (n = 820) and medics (n = 30) on 22 offshore installations. Multi-level path analysis found that where activities to support workforce health were greater, offshore employees were more likely to perceive their organization to support them, and in turn report more commitment to the organization and safety citizenship behaviors. This indicates safety citizenship behaviors are a product of social exchange, and provides insight on how organizations can influence employee engagement in them. It also suggests social exchange theory as a useful framework for investigating how organizational safety is influenced by workforce relations. We contributed to the social exchange literature through conceptualizing and demonstrating how organizational exchanges lead to reciprocal employee citizenship behaviors

Breve Reflexão Sobre a Vinculação entre Criatividade, Improvisação musical como Elementos Importantes na Formação do Musicoterapeuta

O presente trabalho é uma breve reflexão sobre a vinculação entre criatividade e improvisação musical como elementos importantes na formação do musicoterapeuta. Indicando, portanto, nessa direção, o objetivo central deste trabalho. Para responder as questões levantadas iniciou-se o desenvolvimento deste estudo que adotou o seguinte procedimento metodológico: trata-se de um ensaio teórico com abordagem qualitativa que foi realizado através de uma revisão bibliográfica a partir de consultas em livros, artigos publicados em periódicos, e impressos diversos; foram adotadas fontes bibliográficas que constassem os seguintes descritores: Música. Criatividade. Improvisação. Musicoterapia Ao final deste ensaio teórico pretende-se, a partir de uma breve reflexão, compreender diferentes conceitos e pontos-de-vista em relação à improvisação, criatividade como elementos importantes na formação do musicoterapeuta e sua relação com outros temas afins

TOMADA DE DECISÃO INFORMADA EM PROJETO: DA ANÁLISE DIGITAL AO DESENHO URBANO

Este artigo descreve uma nova abordagem ao desenho do espaço público aberto, baseada numa análise multidimensional orientada para a tomada de decisão e para o desenvolvimento de soluções arquitetônicas assentes em evidências. Apresenta uma visão geral das variáveis mais relevantes de projeto e suas restrições, fornecendo assim informações úteis para o desenvolvimento de um desenho urbano mais sustentável, que considera os valores sociais e culturais locais. Este trabalho propõe fornecer uma ferramenta de orientação holística para o desenvolvimento de melhores propostas de projeto em ambientes urbanos contemporâneos; mais especificamente, visa caracterizar de forma síncrona os espaços urbanos através de análises multiescala e multidimensional, quantitativas e qualitativas, incorporando as contribuições da sintaxe espacial, dos estudos de vida pública, da ciência da construção e da análise ambiental/conforto em espaços públicos abertos. Várias ferramentas digitais avançadas são utilizadas para gerir os dados, gerar e testar iterativamente as diferentes propostas do projeto. A metodologia proposta se baseia em diversos testes e análises executados no processo de desenvolvimento de um novo projeto experimental desenvolvido para o Largo da Graça, uma praça urbana localizada no centro histórico de Lisboa que permitiu o teste de diferentes tipos de propostas. Este experimento gerou uma estrutura processual digital para o desenho urbano da praça, no qual se registaram todas as etapas relativas à resolução de vários problemas de projeto, incluindo os objetivos de eficiência (centralidade, conectividade, compacidade, conforto térmico, segurança, igualdade e interação). O processo abarca uma sequência de propostas testadas e comparadas, bem como as escolhas feitas em relação às informações latentes, subjacentes às condições de mudança no uso do espaço público e à adaptabilidade programática da praça portuguesa. A estratégia de projeto adotada e os exemplos extraídos da estrutura processual digital são usados para ilustrar a abordagem prática da metodologia proposta, pretendendo assim demonstrar como o vínculo entre investigação aplicada e desenho urbano sustentável pode ser o adequado para o planejamento e o desenvolvimento de melhores soluções de espaço público.This study describes a new approach to explore the design of public open spaces based on a multidimensional analysis useful to inform decision-making and foster the development of evidence-based architectural solutions. It presents an overview of the most relevant design variables and their constraints, providing, in this way, valuable information for the elaboration of a more sustainable urban design, considerate of the local socio-cultural values. This research aims at providing holistic guidance for the development of better design proposals in contemporary urban environments. More specifically, it seeks to synchronously characterize urban spaces at a multi-scale and multidimensional level, both quantitatively and qualitatively, by collecting contributions from Space Syntax Theory, Public Life Studies, Building Science and Environmental/Comfort Analysis in public open spaces. Many advanced digital tools are used for data management purposes and to generate and test iteratively different design proposals. The proposed methodology is based on a range of tests and analyses performed in the process of developing a new experimental project for Largo da Graça, an urban square located in Lisbon’s historic centre, which allowed the testing of different design solutions. This experiment generated a digital workflow for the design of the urban square, in which are registered all the steps undertaken to solve the many design problems identified by considering the efficiency targets (centrality, connectivity, enclosure, thermal comfort, security, social equity and interaction). The process comprises a sequence of comparative design reviews and records the choices made when dealing with latent information underlying changing conditions in the use of public space and the programmatic malleability of the Portuguese plaza. The description of the adopted design strategy and the examples extracted from the workflow are used to illustrate the practical approach of the proposed methodology. Ultimately, this study seeks to show how tightening the link between applied research and sustainable urban design can effectively support the design and planning of better public open spaces