Evasão estudantil no curso de licenciatura em química da FECLESC/UECE

This article addresses the topic of student dropout in higher education and presents preliminary data on types and causes of dropout in the Chemistry degree course at FECLESC/UECE. Data from a sample of 11 subjects whom dropped out in the period between 2012 and 2020, identified in the academic control system of the Faculty, were analyzed. As a data collection instrument, we used a form prepared through the Google Forms platform and contact with the subjects were established through social networks. Preliminary results already demonstrate the diversity of types and causes of dropout in the researched course, indicating a tendency for the lack of identification with the course and the profession to be the main cause. However, as it still represents only 8% of the total sample, we cannot consider this data as an ultimate result.Este artigo aborda o tema da evasão estudantil no ensino superior e apresenta dados preliminares sobre os tipos e as causas da evasão no curso de licenciatura em Química da FECLESC/UECE. Foram analisados dados de uma amostra de 11 sujeitos que evadiram, no período entre 2012 e 2020, identificados no sistema de controle acadêmico da Faculdade. Além disso, utilizamos como instrumental de coleta de dados um formulário elaborado por intermédio da plataforma Google Forms e o contato com os sujeitos se deu por meio das redes sociais. Os resultados preliminares já demonstram a diversidade de tipos e causas da evasão no curso pesquisado, indicando uma tendência para falta de identificação com o curso e com a profissão ser a principal causa. Não obstante, por tratar-se ainda de 8% da amostra total, não podemos considerar esse dado como definitivo.  &nbsp

Bloodstream infections in late-stage acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients evaluated by a lysis centrifugation system

Opportunistic infections, which affect acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Aids) patients, are frequently disseminated and may cause bloodstream infections (BSI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the main causes of BSI in Aids patients with advanced stage of the disease, with special emphasis on the identification of fungemia. During a 21 months period, all patients with Aids (CD4 < 200) and febrile syndrome admitted to 3 university hospitals were systematically evaluated. For each patient presenting fever, a pair of blood cultures was collected and processed by using a commercial lysis-centrifugation system. One hundred and eleven patients (75 males) with a mean age of 36 years (median 33 years) and mean CD4 count of 64 cells/ml were included. Among the 111 patients evaluated we documented 54 episodes of BSI, including 46 patients with truly systemic infections and 8 episodes considered as contaminants. BSI were caused by gram-positive bacteria (43%), fungi (20%), gram-negative bacteria (15%), mycobacteria (15%), and mixed flora (7%). The crude mortality rate of our patients was 39%, being 50% for patients with BSI and 31% for the others. In conclusion, BSI are a common related to systemic infections on Aids patients with advanced stage of disease and is associated with a high rate of mortality.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Hospital São PauloHospital e Maternidade Santa MarcelinaHospital HeliópolisUNIFESP, Hospital São PauloSciEL

EDUCADORA FRANCIMEIRY:: TRAÇADO E CAMINHADA DA SUA FORMAÇÃO

The present article had as main objective to present the trajectory lived by Francimeiry de Alencar Pereira until the realization of her dream of being a teacher. During the text, difficulties and impasses occurred during the process are noted, but the interviewee's resistance to each problem encountered is clear. We count as a methodology for the construction of this production the oral history and memory of the study participant, through an interview it was possible to collect data that were used in writing. Even in the face of a favorable scenario for school dropout, Francimeiry resisted. Currently graduated in Pedagogy, she can experience the desired profession.O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal apresentar a trajetória vivida por Francimeiry de Alencar Pereira até a realização de seu sonho de ser uma professora. Durante o texto nota-se dificuldades e empasses ocorridos durante o processo, mas fica claro a resistência da entrevistada diante de cada problema encontrado. Contamos como metodologia para a construção dessa produção a história oral e a memória da participante do estudo, por meio de uma entrevista foi possível a coleta de dados que foram utilizados na escrita. Mesmo diante de um cenário propício para o abandono escolar, Francimeiry resistiu. Atualmente formada em Pedagogia pode vivenciar a profissão desejada

CLARIPED: a new tool for risk classification in pediatric emergencies

AbstractObjectiveTo present a new pediatric risk classification tool, CLARIPED, and describe its development steps.MethodsDevelopment steps: (i) first round of discussion among experts, first prototype; (ii) pre-test of reliability, 36 hypothetical cases; (iii) second round of discussion to perform adjustments; (iv) team training; (v) pre-test with patients in real time; (vi) third round of discussion to perform new adjustments; (vii) final pre-test of validity (20% of medical treatments in five days).ResultsCLARIPED features five urgency categories: Red (Emergency), Orange (very urgent), Yellow (urgent), Green (little urgent) and Blue (not urgent). The first classification step includes the measurement of four vital signs (VIPE score); the second step consists in the urgency discrimination assessment. Each step results in assigning a color, selecting the most urgent one for the final classification. Each color corresponds to a maximum waiting time for medical care and referral to the most appropriate physical area for the patient's clinical condition. The interobserver agreement was substantial (kappa=0.79) and the final pre-test, with 82 medical treatments, showed good correlation between the proportion of patients in each urgency category and the number of used resources (p<0.001).ConclusionsCLARIPED is an objective and easy-to-use tool for simple risk classification, of which pre-tests suggest good reliability and validity. Larger-scale studies on its validity and reliability in different health contexts are ongoing and can contribute to the implementation of a nationwide pediatric risk classification system

CLARIPED: um novo instrumento para classificação de risco em emergências pediátricas

ResumoObjetivoApresentar um novo instrumento de classificação de risco pediátrico, o CLARIPED, e descrever as etapas de seu desenvolvimento.MétodosEtapas do desenvolvimento: (i) primeira rodada de discussão entre especialistas, primeiro protótipo; (ii) pré‐teste de confiabilidade, 36 casos hipotéticos; (iii) segunda rodada de discussão para ajustes; (iv) treinamento da equipe; (v) pré‐teste com pacientes em tempo real; (vi) terceira rodada de discussão para novos ajustes; (vii) pré‐teste final de validade (20% dos atendimentos de cinco dias).ResultadosO CLARIPED apresenta cinco categorias de urgência: Vermelha (emergência), Laranja (muito urgente), Amarela (urgente), Verde (pouco urgente) e Azul (sem urgência). A primeira etapa da classificação inclui a aferição de quatro sinais vitais (escore Vipe); a segunda etapa consiste na avaliação de discriminadores de urgência. Cada etapa resulta na atribuição de uma cor, seleciona‐se a de maior urgência para a classificação final. Cada cor corresponde a um tempo máximo de espera pelo atendimento médico e ao encaminhamento à área física mais adequada à condição clínica do paciente. A concordância interobservador foi substancial (kappa=0,79) e o pré‐teste final, com 82 atendimentos, evidenciou boa correlação entre a proporção de pacientes em cada categoria de urgência e o número de recursos usados (p<0,001).ConclusõesO CLARIPED é um instrumento para classificação de risco simples, objetivo e de fácil uso, cujos pré‐testes sugerem boa confiabilidade e validade. Estudos em maior escala sobre sua validade e confiabilidade em diferentes contextos de saúde estão em curso e podem contribuir para a adoção de um sistema de classificação de risco pediátrico em âmbito nacional.AbstractObjectiveTo present a new pediatric risk classification tool, CLARIPED, and describe its development steps.MethodsDevelopment steps: (i) first round of discussion among experts, first prototype; (ii) pre‐test of reliability, 36 hypothetical cases; (iii) second round of discussion to perform adjustments; (iv) team training; (v) pre‐test with patients in real time; (vi) third round of discussion to perform new adjustments; (vii) final pre‐test of validity (20% of medical treatments in five days).ResultsCLARIPED features five urgency categories: Red (Emergency), Orange (very urgent), Yellow (urgent), Green (little urgent) and Blue (not urgent). The first classification step includes the measurement of four vital signs (Vipe score); the second step consists in the urgency discrimination assessment. Each step results in assigning a color, selecting the most urgent one for the final classification. Each color corresponds to a maximum waiting time for medical care and referral to the most appropriate physical area for the patient's clinical condition. The interobserver agreement was substantial (kappa=0.79) and the final pre‐test, with 82 medical treatments, showed good correlation between the proportion of patients in each urgency category and the number of used resources (p<0.001).ConclusionsCLARIPED is an objective and easy‐to‐use tool for simple risk classification, of which pre‐tests suggest good reliability and validity. Larger‐scale studies on its validity and reliability in different health contexts are ongoing and can contribute to the implementation of a nationwide pediatric risk classification system

Surveillance programs for detection and characterization of emergent pathogens and antimicrobial resistance: results from the Division of Infectious Diseases, UNIFESP

Several epidemiological changes have occurred in the pattern of nosocomial and community acquired infectious diseases during the past 25 years. Social and demographic changes possibly related to this phenomenon include a rapid population growth, the increase in urban migration and movement across international borders by tourists and immigrants, alterations in the habitats of animals and arthropods that transmit disease, as well as the raise of patients with impaired host defense abilities. Continuous surveillance programs of emergent pathogens and antimicrobial resistance are warranted for detecting in real time new pathogens, as well as to characterize molecular mechanisms of resistance. In order to become more effective, surveillance programs of emergent pathogens should be organized as a multicenter laboratory network connected to the main public and private infection control centers. Microbiological data should be integrated to guide therapy, adapting therapy to local ecology and resistance patterns. This paper presents an overview of data generated by the Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, along with its participation in different surveillance programs of nosocomial and community acquired infectious diseases.Várias alterações epidemiológicas ocorreram no perfil das doenças infecciosas hospitalares e comunitárias nos últimos 25 anos. Mudanças sociais e demográficas possivelmente relacionadas com esse fenômeno incluem o rápido crescimento populacional, o aumento da migração urbana e deslocamento através de fronteiras internacionais por turistas e imigrantes, alterações nos habitats de animais e artrópodes que transmitem doença assim como o aumento no número de pacientes com deficiências nas respostas de defesa. Os programas contínuos de vigilância de patógenos emergentes e resistência antimicrobiana são necessários para a detecção em tempo real de novos patógenos assim como para caracterizar mecanismos moleculares de resistência. Para serem mais efetivos, os programasde vigilância dos patógenos emergentes devem ser organizados em uma rede de laboratórios multicêntricos ligados aos principais centros de controle de infecções, públicos e privados. Os dados microbiológicos devem ser integrados a guias terapêuticos adaptando práticas terapêuticas à ecologia local eaos padrões de resistência. O artigo apresenta uma revisão dos dados gerados pela Disciplina de Infectologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), contemplando sua participação nos diferentes programas de vigilância de doenças infecciosas hospitalares e adquiridas na comunidade.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Medicina Divisão de Doenças InfecciosasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e ParasitologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de Medicina Divisão de Doenças InfecciosasUNIFESP, Depto. de Microbiologia, Imunologia e ParasitologiaSciEL

The water supply system as a potential source of fungal infection in paediatric haematopoietic stem cell units

Background: We conducted a prospective study to investigate the presence of microfungal contamination in the water supply system of the Oncology Paediatric Institute, São Paulo - Brazil after the occurrence of one invasive Fusarium solani infection in a patient after Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). During a twelve-month period, we investigated the water supply system of the HSCT unit by monitoring a total of fourteen different collection sites.Methods: One litre of water was collected in each location, filtered through a 0.45 mu m membrane and cultured on SDA to detect the presence of filamentous fungi. Physicochemical analyses of samples were performed to evaluate the temperature, turbidity, pH, and the concentration of free residual chlorine.Results: Over the 12 months of the study, 164 samples were collected from the water supply system of the HSCT unit, and 139 of the samples tested positive for filamentous fungi (84.8%), generating a total of 2,362 colonies. Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp., Purpureocillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. were ranked as the most commonly found genera of mould in the collected samples. of note, Fusarium solani complex isolates were obtained from 14 out of the 106 samples that were collected from tap water (mean of 20 CFU/L). There was a positive correlation between the total number of fungal CFU obtained in all cultures and both water turbidity and temperature parameters. Our findings emphasise the need for the establishment of strict measures to limit the exposure of high-risk patients to waterborne fungal propagules.Conclusions: We were able to isolate a wide variety of filamentous fungi from the water of the HSCT unit where several immunocompromised patients are assisted.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Med, Disciplina Infectol, BR-04024002 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Austral Chile, Inst Clin Microbiol, Valdivia, ChileUniv Antofagasta, Antofagasta, ChileUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Inst Oncol Pediat, GRAACC, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Med, Disciplina Infectol, BR-04024002 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Inst Oncol Pediat, GRAACC, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 2005/02138-3CNPq: 133621/2007-3CAPES: PNPD 2312/2011CNPq: 150368/2005-4Web of Scienc

A multicenter multinational study of abdominal candidiasis: epidemiology, outcomes and predictors of mortality

Abstract Purpose: Clinical data on patients with intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC) is still scarce. Methods: We collected data from 13 hospitals in Italy, Spain, Brazil, and Greece over a 3-year period (2011\u20132013) including patients from ICU, medical, and surgical wards. Results: A total of 481 patients were included in the study. Of these, 27 % were hospitalized in ICU. Mean age was 63 years and 57 % of patients were male. IAC mainly consisted of secondary peritonitis (41 %) and abdominal abscesses (30 %); 68 (14 %) cases were also candidemic and 331 (69 %) hadconcomitant bacterial infections. The most commonly isolated Candida species were C. albicans (n = 308 isolates, 64 %) and C. glabrata (n = 76, 16 %). Antifungal treatment included echinocandins (64 %), azoles (32 %), and amphotericin B (4 %). Septic shock was documented in 40.5 % of patients. Overall 30-day hospital mortality was 27 % with 38.9 % mortality in ICU. Multivariate logistic regression showed that age (OR 1.05, 95 % CI 1.03\u20131.07, P\0.001), increments in 1-point APACHE II scores (OR 1.05, 95 % CI 1.01\u20131.08, P = 0.028), secondary peritonitis (OR 1.72, 95 % CI 1.02\u20132.89, P = 0.019), septic shock (OR 3.29, 95 % CI 1.88\u20135.86, P\0.001), and absence of adequate abdominal source control (OR 3.35, 95 % CI 2.01\u20135.63, P\0.001) wereassociated with mortality. In patients with septic shock, absence of source control correlated with mortality rates above 60 % irrespective of administration of an adequate antifungal therapy. Conclusions: Low percentages of concomitant candidemia and high mortality rates are documented in IAC. In patients presenting with septic shock, source control is fundamental