3 research outputs found
Broad spectrum SARSâCoV â2âspecific immunity in hospitalized First Nations peoples recovering from COVID â19
Indigenous peoples globally are at increased risk of COVIDâ19âassociated morbidity and mortality. However, data that describe immune responses to SARSâCoVâ2 infection in Indigenous populations are lacking. We evaluated immune responses in Australian First Nations peoples hospitalized with COVIDâ19. Our work comprehensively mapped out inflammatory, humoral and adaptive immune responses following SARSâCoVâ2 infection. Patients were recruited early following the lifting of strict public health measures in the Northern Territory, Australia, between November 2021 and May 2022. Australian First Nations peoples recovering from COVIDâ19 showed increased levels of MCPâ1 and ILâ8 cytokines, IgGâantibodies against DeltaâRBD and memory SARSâCoVâ2âspecific T cell responses prior to hospital discharge in comparison with hospital admission, with resolution of hyperactivated HLAâDR+CD38+ T cells. SARSâCoVâ2 infection elicited coordinated ASC, Tfh and CD8+ T cell responses in concert with CD4+ T cell responses. Delta and Omicron RBDâIgG, as well as Ancestral NâIgG antibodies, strongly correlated with Ancestral RBDâIgG antibodies and Spikeâspecific memory B cells. We provide evidence of broad and robust immune responses following SARSâCoVâ2 infection in Indigenous peoples, resembling those of nonâIndigenous COVIDâ19 hospitalized patients
Robust and prototypical immune responses toward COVID-19 vaccine in First Nations peoples are impacted by comorbidities
High-risk groups, including Indigenous people, are at risk of severe COVID-19. Here we found that Australian First Nations peoples elicit effective immune responses to COVID-19 BNT162b2 vaccination, including neutralizing antibodies, receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies, SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific B cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In First Nations participants, RBD IgG antibody titers were correlated with body mass index and negatively correlated with age. Reduced RBD antibodies, spike-specific B cells and follicular helper T cells were found in vaccinated participants with chronic conditions (diabetes, renal disease) and were strongly associated with altered glycosylation of IgG and increased interleukin-18 levels in the plasma. These immune perturbations were also found in non-Indigenous people with comorbidities, indicating that they were related to comorbidities rather than ethnicity. However, our study is of a great importance to First Nations peoples who have disproportionate rates of chronic comorbidities and provides evidence of robust immune responses after COVID-19 vaccination in Indigenous people