11,002 research outputs found
The curvature-induced gauge potential and the geometric momentum for a particle on a hypersphere
For a particle that is constrained to freely move on a hypersurface, the
curvature of the surface can induce a gauge potential; and for a particle on
the hypersphere, the gauge potential derived from the \textit{generalized
angular momentum algebra }on it has been known long before (J. Math. Phys.
\textbf{34}(1993)2827). We demonstrate that the momentum for the particle on
the hyperspherecan be the geometric one which obey commutation relations , in which is the
Planck's constant, and () symbolizes the th component
of the geometric momentum, and specifies the th component of the
angular momentum containing the spin-curvature coupling, and denotes the
radius of the dimensional hypersphere.Comment: 6 pages, no figur
Mathematical Modelling of a Brain Tumour Initiation and Early Development: A Coupled Model of Glioblastoma Growth, Pre-Existing Vessel Co-Option, Angiogenesis and Blood Perfusion
We propose a coupled mathematical modelling system to investigate glioblastoma growth in response to dynamic changes in chemical and haemodynamic microenvironments caused by pre-existing vessel co-option, remodelling, collapse and angiogenesis. A typical tree-like architecture network with different orders for vessel diameter is designed to model pre-existing vasculature in host tissue. The chemical substances including oxygen, vascular endothelial growth factor, extra-cellular matrix and matrix degradation enzymes are alculated based on the haemodynamic environment which is obtained by coupled modelling of intravascular blood flow with interstitial fluid flow. The haemodynamic changes, including vessel diameter and permeability, are introduced to reflect a series of pathological characteristics of abnormal tumour vessels including vessel dilation, leakage, angiogenesis, regression and collapse. Migrating cells are included as a new phenotype to describe the migration behaviour of malignant tumour cells. The simulation focuses on the avascular phase of tumour development and stops at an early phase of angiogenesis. The model is able to demonstrate the
main features of glioblastoma growth in this phase such as the formation of pseudopalisades, cell migration along the host vessels, the pre-existing vasculature co-option, angiogenesis and remodelling. The model also enables us to examine the influence of initial conditions and local environment on the early phase of glioblastoma growth.The authors like to thank Mr. Justin Halls for his kind help on manuscript preparation. This research is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2013CB733800), the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 11302050, No. 11272091), the Nature Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20130593)
A nonlinear equation system approach to the dynamic stochastic user equilibrium simultaneous route and departure time choice problem
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A knowledge-based ideation approach for bio-inspired design
Bio-inspired design (BID) involves generating innovative ideas for engineering design by drawing inspiration from natural biological phenomena and systems, using a form of design-by-analogy. Despite its many successes, BID approaches encounter research challenges including unstructured data and existing models that hinder comprehension and processing, limited focus on finding biological knowledge compared to defined problems, and insufficient guidance of the ideation process with algorithms. This paper proposes a knowledge-based approach to address the challenges. The approach involves transforming unstructured data into structured knowledge, including information about natural sources, their benefits, and applications. The structured knowledge is then used to construct a semantic network, enabling designers to retrieve information for BID in two ways. Furthermore, a three-step ideation method is developed to encourage divergent thinking and explore additional potential solutions by drawing inspiration and utilizing knowledge. The knowledge-based BID approach is implemented as a tool and design cases are conducted to illustrate the process of applying this tool for BID
Elliptic flow of meson and strange quark collectivity at RHIC
Based on A Multi-Phase Transport (AMPT) model, we have studied the elliptic
flow of mesons from reconstructed decay channel at
the top Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider energy at Brookhaven National
Laboratory. The dependences of on transverse momentum and
collision centrality are presented and the rescattering effect of mesons
in the hadronic phase is also investigated. The results show that experimental
measurement of for mesons can retain the early collision
information before decays and that the value obeys the
constituent quark number scaling which has been observed for other mesons and
baryons. Our study indicates that the mostly reflects partonic
level collectivity developed during the early stage of the nucleus-nucleus
collision and the strange and light up/down quarks have developed similar
angular anistropy properties at the hadronization.Comment: 5 pages and 5 figures; accepted by Physical Review
Echoes of charged black-bounce spacetimes
In present work, the evolution of scalar field and electromagnetic field
under the background of the charged black-bounce spacetimes are investigated,
and we obtain an obvious echoes signal which appropriately reports the
properties of the charged black-bounce spacetimes and disclose the physical
reasons behind such phenomena. Furthermore, by studying the quasinormal
ringdown, we analyze the three states of the charged black-bounce spacetimes in
detail, our results show that the echoes signal only appears when and in this
spacetime, while when the parameters demand , the echoes
signal will be transformed into a quasinormal ringdown of the two-way
traversable wormhole, and the charged black-bounce is a regular black hole with
normal horizons by requiring and
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