12 research outputs found
Estructura y composición vegetal de un bosque seco tropical en regeneración en Bataclán (Cali, Colombia)
Characterization of long-term vegetation in a tropical dry forest (TDF) that is in the process of regeneration permits establishment of patterns of composition, structure and dynamics of plant communities and sheds light on the different stages of plant succession. In this study, the plant community of ecoparque Bataclán, Cali, Colombia was evaluated by determining its structure and composition in two regeneration strategies. One strategy consisted of natural regeneration with bamboo barriers and the other of natural regeneration without bamboo barriers. Three permanent plots of 500 m2 were established in each regeneration strategy (six plots in total). Composition and structure was determined, taking into account all the growth habits, with different sampling methods. We found no significant differences between vegetation structure and composition of the two strategies for forest regeneration. forty-one species belonging to 27 families were recorded (trees and shrubs 58.5 %, herbs 24.4 %, climbers or scandents 14.6 %, epiphytes 2.4 %). The dominant family was Melastomataceae and the dominant species was Miconia prasina. The orchidCatasetum ochraceum and the grass Thrasya petrosa were indicator species for high luminosity. We conclude that the plant community is in an early successional stage, where there is a mixture of planted and naturally regenerated species in the zone, characterized by pioneer species from TDF and other nearby life zones.La caracterización de la vegetación a largo plazo en los bosques secos tropicales (bs-T) en regeneración, permite establecer los patrones de composición, estructura y dinámica de las comunidades vegetales, así como conocer los diferentes estados del proceso de sucesión vegetal. En este estudio se evaluó la comunidad vegetal del bosque del ecoparque Bataclán, Cali, Colombia; mediante el establecimiento de su estructura y composición en dos estrategias de regeneración. Una de las estrategias consistió en regeneración natural con barreras de bambú y la otra en regeneración natural sin barreras de bambú. Se establecieron tres parcelas permanentes de 500 m2 en cada una de las estrategias de regeneración (seis parcelas en total). Se estableció la composición y estructura, teniendo en cuenta todos los hábitos de crecimiento, con diferentes tipos de muestreo. Se encontró que no hay diferencias significativas entre la estructura y composición vegetal de las dos estrategias de regeneración del bosque. Se registraron 41 especies pertenecientes a 27 familias (árboles y arbustos 58.5 %, hierbas 24.4 %, trepadoras o escandentes 14.6 %, epífitas 2.4 %). La familia dominante fue Melastomataceae y la especie dominante fue Miconia prasina (Sw.) DC. La orquídea Catasetum ochraceum Lindl. y el pasto Thrasya petrosa (Trin.) Chase fueron especies indicadoras de alta luminosidad en el bosque. Se concluye que la comunidad vegetal se encuentra en un estado sucesional temprano, donde existe una mezcla de especies plantadas y otras naturalmente regeneradas en la zona, caracterizada por especies pioneras provenientes de bs-T cercanos y de otras zonas de vida
Vegetación leñosa de un remanente de bosque seco tropical en el Caribe colombiano
The Cartagena Botanical Garden tropical dry forest is one of the few protected forest remnants near Cartagena. Its conservation state and the abundance of water sources in the area make it unique among this ecosystem's remnants in the Colombian Caribbean. We evaluated the structure, composition, and the functional and phylogenetic diversity of the plant community by setting up a permanent plot. We recorded 2023 ramets of 62 species. The family with the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) was Moraceae. The total aboveground biomass was 61.8 t.ha-1. Two functional types of plants were found: one adapted to the understory, and the other one adapted to the canopy, and a low phylogenetic grouping. We concluded that the forest is in a late to intermediate secondary succession state. The high availability of water in the area and its isolated location have been determining factors for its vegetation.El bosque seco tropical del Jardín Botánico de Cartagena es uno de los pocos remanentes protegidos cerca de esta ciudad. Su estado de conservación y la abundancia de nacimientos de agua en la zona lo hacen único entre los remanentes de este ecosistema en el Caribe colombiano. En este contexto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la estructura, composición, diversidad funcional y filogenética de la comunidad vegetal del área mediante una parcela permanente. Para ello se registraron 2023 tallos de 62 especies y la familia con mayor Índice de Valor de Importancia (IVI) fue Moraceae. La biomasa aérea total fue de 61.8 t.ha-1. Se encontraron dos tipos funcionales de plantas: uno adaptado al sotobosque y otro al dosel, y un bajo agrupamiento filogenético. Se concluyó que el bosque se encuentra en un estado de sucesión secundario intermedio a tardío y que la alta disponibilidad de agua en la zona, además de su ubicación aislada, han sido factores determinantes para su vegetación
Recommended from our members
Intra- and interannual changes in isoprene emission from central Amazonia
Isoprene emissions are a key component in biosphere-atmosphere interactions, and the most significant global source is the Amazon rainforest. However, intra- and interannual variations in biological and environmental factors that regulate isoprene emission from Amazonia are not well understood and, thereby, are poorly represented in models. Here, with datasets covering several years of measurements at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) in central Amazonia, Brazil, we (1) quantified canopy profiles of isoprene mixing ratios across seasons of normal and anomalous years and related them to the main drivers of isoprene emission - solar radiation, temperature, and leaf phenology; (2) evaluated the effect of leaf age on the magnitude of the isoprene emission factor (Es) from different tree species and scaled up to canopy with intra- and interannual leaf age distribution derived by a phenocam; and (3) adapted the leaf age algorithm from the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) with observed changes in Es across leaf ages. Our results showed that the variability in isoprene mixing ratios was higher between seasons (max during the dry-to-wet transition seasons) than between years, with values from the extreme 2015 El Niño year not significantly higher than in normal years. In addition, model runs considering in situ observations of canopy Es and the modification on the leaf age algorithm with leaf-level observations of Es presented considerable improvements in the simulated isoprene flux. This shows that MEGAN estimates of isoprene emission can be improved when biological processes are mechanistically incorporated into the model.This research was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, BMBF funds 01LB1001A; Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication; FINEP/MCTIC contract 01.11.01248.00); UEA; FAPEAM; LBA/INPA; and SDS/CEUC/RDS-Uatumã. It was also supported by grant nos. NSF-PRFB-1711997 and NSF-1754163.
The article processing charges for this open-access publication were covered by the Max Planck Society.Peer reviewe
Germination ecology in a Caribbean seasonally dry forest : on the fabaceae seed germination niche hypothesis
"La germinación es la etapa más crítica del ciclo de vida de las plantas y tiene influencia directa en la estructura y la composición de una comunidad vegetal. En bosques en peligro, como el bosque seco tropical estacional (BSTE) es importante generar conocimiento sobre las condiciones para la propagación y la germinación de especies nativas. Así, se evaluó la ecología de la germinación de especies nativas al BSTE del Caribe colombiano. Primero, se realizaron pruebas de latencia física, respuesta de la germinación a diferentes calidades de luz y la relación de algunos rasgos de semilla y fruto con la germinación entre las familias más comunes del BSTE. Además, se puso a prueba la hipótesis de nicho de germinación para Fabaceae. Finalmente, se realizó un análisis para entender si las características de las semillas de cada familia son limitaciones impuestas por BTSE o por la filogenia." -- Tomado del Formato de Documento de Grado."Germination is the most critical stage of the plants' life cycle and has a direct influence in determining the plant's community's structure and composition. In endangered ecosystems, as the seasonal tropical dry forest (STDF) it is essential to generate knowledge on the propagation and the germination conditions of the native species. Given this, we aimed to evaluate the germination ecology in a Colombian Caribbean STDF. First, we tested the physical dormancy, the germination response to different light qualities and the relation of some seed and fruit traits with the germination traits of woody native species and to compare germination traits between the most common families in the STDF. Furthermore, we pursue to retest Fabaceae niche germination hypothesis. Finally, we try to assess whether the traits of each family are constraints imposed by the environmental characteristics of the STDF or by phylogenetic inertia." -- Tomado del Formato de Documento de GradoMagíster en Ciencias BiológicasMaestrí
Estructura y composición vegetal de un bosque seco tropical en regeneración en Bataclán (Cali, Colombia)
Characterization of long-term vegetation in a tropical dry forest (TDF) that is in the process of regeneration permits establishment of patterns of composition, structure and dynamics of plant communities and sheds light on the different stages of plant succession. In this study, the plant community of ecoparque Bataclán, Cali, Colombia was evaluated by determining its structure and composition in two regeneration strategies. One strategy consisted of natural regeneration with bamboo barriers and the other of natural regeneration without bamboo barriers. Three permanent plots of 500 m2 were established in each regeneration strategy (six plots in total). Composition and structure was determined, taking into account all the growth habits, with different sampling methods. We found no significant differences between vegetation structure and composition of the two strategies for forest regeneration. forty-one species belonging to 27 families were recorded (trees and shrubs 58.5 %, herbs 24.4 %, climbers or scandents 14.6 %, epiphytes 2.4 %). The dominant family was Melastomataceae and the dominant species was Miconia prasina. The orchidCatasetum ochraceum and the grass Thrasya petrosa were indicator species for high luminosity. We conclude that the plant community is in an early successional stage, where there is a mixture of planted and naturally regenerated species in the zone, characterized by pioneer species from TDF and other nearby life zones.La caracterización de la vegetación a largo plazo en los bosques secos tropicales (bs-T) en regeneración, permite establecer los patrones de composición, estructura y dinámica de las comunidades vegetales, así como conocer los diferentes estados del proceso de sucesión vegetal. En este estudio se evaluó la comunidad vegetal del bosque del ecoparque Bataclán, Cali, Colombia; mediante el establecimiento de su estructura y composición en dos estrategias de regeneración. Una de las estrategias consistió en regeneración natural con barreras de bambú y la otra en regeneración natural sin barreras de bambú. Se establecieron tres parcelas permanentes de 500 m2 en cada una de las estrategias de regeneración (seis parcelas en total). Se estableció la composición y estructura, teniendo en cuenta todos los hábitos de crecimiento, con diferentes tipos de muestreo. Se encontró que no hay diferencias significativas entre la estructura y composición vegetal de las dos estrategias de regeneración del bosque. Se registraron 41 especies pertenecientes a 27 familias (árboles y arbustos 58.5 %, hierbas 24.4 %, trepadoras o escandentes 14.6 %, epífitas 2.4 %). La familia dominante fue Melastomataceae y la especie dominante fue Miconia prasina (Sw.) DC. La orquídea Catasetum ochraceum Lindl. y el pasto Thrasya petrosa (Trin.) Chase fueron especies indicadoras de alta luminosidad en el bosque. Se concluye que la comunidad vegetal se encuentra en un estado sucesional temprano, donde existe una mezcla de especies plantadas y otras naturalmente regeneradas en la zona, caracterizada por especies pioneras provenientes de bs-T cercanos y de otras zonas de vida
Vegetation structure and composition of a tropical dry forest in regeneration in Bataclán (Cali, Colombia)
Characterization of long-term vegetation in a tropical dry forest (TDF) that is in the process of regeneration permits establishment of patterns of composition, structure and dynamics of plant communities and sheds light on the different stages of plant succession. In this study, the plant community of ecoparque Bataclán, Cali, Colombia was evaluated by determining its structure and composition in two regeneration strategies. One strategy consisted of natural regeneration with bamboo barriers and the other of natural regeneration without bamboo barriers. Three permanent plots of 500 m2 were established in each regeneration strategy (six plots in total). Composition and structure was determined, taking into account all the growth habits, with different sampling methods. We found no significant differences between vegetation structure and composition of the two strategies for forest regeneration. forty-one species belonging to 27 families were recorded (trees and shrubs 58.5 %, herbs 24.4 %, climbers or scandents 14.6 %, epiphytes 2.4 %). The dominant family was Melastomataceae and the dominant species was Miconia prasina. The orchidCatasetum ochraceum and the grass Thrasya petrosa were indicator species for high luminosity. We conclude that the plant community is in an early successional stage, where there is a mixture of planted and naturally regenerated species in the zone, characterized by pioneer species from TDF and other nearby life zones
Linking Seed Traits and Germination Responses in Caribbean Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest Species
Understanding the relationships between seed traits and germination responses is crucial for assessing natural regeneration, particularly in threatened ecosystems like the seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF). This study explored links between seed traits (mass, volume, moisture content, and dispersal type), germination responses (germinability, germination speed (v¯), time to 50% of germination (T50), synchrony, and photoblastism), and physical dormancy (PY) in 65 SDTF species under experimental laboratory conditions. We found that species with smaller seeds (low mass and volume) had higher v¯ and reached T50 faster than species with larger seeds. For moisture content, species with lower moisture content had higher germinability and reached the T50 faster than seeds with high moisture content. Abiotic dispersed species germinated faster and reached the T50 in fewer days. Most of the SDTF species (60%) did not present PY, and the presence of PY was associated with seeds with lower moisture content. As for photoblastism (germination sensitivity to light), we classified the species into three ecological categories: generalists (42 species, non-photoblastic), heliophytes (18 species, positive photoblastic, germination inhibited by darkness), and sciadophytes (5 species, negative photoblastic, light inhibited germination). This study intends to be a baseline for the study of seed ecophysiology in the SDTF
Epífitas en una zona boscosa de transición en la región biogeográfica Chocó, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
Tropical moist forests are ecosystems of high biodiversity and high endemism, like the Choco biogeographic ecoregion. Few studies have characterized this vegetation system, and less attention has been given to the epiphytes. The aim of this study, was to evaluate the diversity and composition of vascular and nonvascular epiphytes, in a transition zone between tropical moist forest and tropical dry forest in the Choco biogeographic region of Valle del Cauca, Colombia. For this study, the data were grouped into six zones along the Loboguerrero-Buenaventura road: Zone 1 was closest to the Pacific Ocean (tropical moist forest) and Zone 6 was closest to the subxerophytic enclave of The Dagua River (transition zone to tropical dry forest). The data also were grouped depending on exposure to light (microsites), and the sites were categorized as open, semi-open and closed. A total of 43 trees densely covered by epiphytes were sampled: non-vascular epiphytes were sampled up to 2 m high, while vascular epiphytes were sampled along the entire phorophyte. A total of 485 specimens of non-vascular epiphytes belonging to 77 species of lichens, five of liverworts and eight of mosses were collected, for a total of 90 species. In addition, 5 987 individuals belonging to 24 species of vascular epiphytes were found; Bromeliaceae (six species) was the richest in species, followed by Gesneriaceae, Orchidaceae and Polypodiaceae (each with four species). We found 25 new records of lichens for Colombia and 26 for the Choco biogeographic region; for vascular epiphytes, we found 11 new records for this same Choco region. The richness and diversity of nonvascular epiphytic communities were affected by the zone and the microsite in which the trees were located, while the vascular epiphytic communities, were affected by the zone along the road. Thus, the richness and diversity of the communities of nonvascular epiphytes were affected by both the forest type and the microsite where the trees were found, while communities of vascular epiphytes, were affected only by the forest type.Los bosques húmedos tropicales son ecosistemas que acumulan una alta biodiversidad y alto endemismo, principalmente en la ecorregión del Chocó biogeográfico. La vegetación en esta zona ha sido poco estudiada, sobre todo para el grupo de las epífitas. De esta forma, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la diversidad y composición de estas plantas (vasculares y no vasculares) en una zona de transición entre bosque húmedo tropical y bosque seco tropical en el Chocó biogeográfico. Se muestrearon 43 árboles con abundante cobertura de epífitas: las no vasculares fueron muestreadas hasta los 2 m de altura, mientras que las vasculares a lo largo de todo el forófito. Los datos se agruparon en seis zonas a lo largo de la vía, siendo la zona 1 la más cercana al Pacífico (bosque húmedo tropical) y la zona 6 la más cercana al enclave subxerofítico del río Dagua (bosque seco tropical); también se agruparon dependiendo de la exposición a la luz en tres micrositios: abiertos, semi abiertos y cerrados. Se recolectaron 485 ejemplares de epífitas no vasculares pertenecientes a 77 especies de líquenes, cinco de hepáticas y ocho de musgos, para un total de 90 especies. Por otro lado, se registraron 5 987 individuos pertenecientes a 24 especies de epífitas vasculares, siendo la familia Bromeliaceae la más rica en especies (seis especies), seguida de Gesneriaceae, Orchidaceae y Polypodiaceae (cuatro especies). Se encontraron 25 nuevos registros de líquenes para Colombia, 26 para el Chocó biogeográfico, también 11 nuevos registros de epífitas vasculares para Chocó biogeográfico. La riqueza y diversidad de las comunidades de no vasculares fueron afectadas por la zona y el micrositio donde estaban los árboles, mientras que en las comunidades de vasculares, fueron afectadas por la zona a lo largo de la carretera
Composición y estructura vegetal de una parcela de vegetación en un relicto de bosque seco tropical en el Caribe colombiano
The tropical dry forest (TDF) is one of the most threatened ecosystems worldwide due to the historical conversion of its lands to pastures and crops. The TDF of the Cartagena Botanical Garden "Guillermo Piñeres" (JBGP), one of the last TDF relicts near Cartagena, is an isolated fragment of 3 ha located in a humid area caused by the presence of the spring of the Matute stream, one of the primary water sources of Cartagena. We built a 1 ha permanent plot to study the composition and plant structure of this forest. We measured the woody vegetation with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 2.5 cm. We recorded 1568 individuals and 2023 stems of 62 species distributed in 34 families. Of the individuals registered, 85 % were trees and shrubs, 11 % lianas and 4 % palms. The family with the highest species richness was Sapindaceae, with four, followed by Apocynaceae, Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Meliaceae, Moraceae, Nyctaginaceae, and Urticaceae, each with three species. We conclude that the forest is in a late secondary state of succession. Its location and history of disturbances are essential factors in determining its composition, structure, and diversity.El bosque seco tropical (bs-T) es uno de los ecosistemas más amenazados a nivel mundial debido a la conversión histórica de sus tierras hacia pastos y cultivos. El bs-T del Jardín Botánico de Cartagena “Guillermo Piñeres” (JBGP) es un fragmento de 3 ha, aislado ubicado en un enclave húmedo donde nace el arroyo Matute, uno de los principales afluentes de Cartagena. Con el objetivo de estudiar la composición y estructura vegetal en uno de los últimos remanentes de bs-T cercanos a Cartagena, se construyó una parcela permanente de 1 ha y se censó la vegetación leñosa con diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) ≥ 2.5 cm. Se registraron 1568 individuos y 2023 tallos de 62 especies distribuidas en 34 familias. El 85 % de los individuos registrados fueron árboles y arbustos, el 11 % lianas y el 4 % palmas. La familia con mayor riqueza de especies fue Sapindaceae, con cuatro, seguida de Apocynaceae, Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Meliaceae, Moraceae, Nyctaginaceae y Urticaceae, cada una con tres. Se concluye que el bosque se encuentra en un estado de sucesión secundaria tardía, y que su ubicación e historial de perturbaciones son factores importantes en la determinación de su composición y estructura