Les principales causes de mortalité des jeunes bovins en race Bleu Blanc

audience: researcher, professiona

Growth-Related Changes in the Pulmonary Function of Goats

Growth-related changes in pulmonary function values were investigated in 20 healthy French Alpine goats, aged between 20 and 550 days, weighing 7-55 kg. Pulmonary ventilation, mechanics of breathing and arterial oxygen tension were measured using standardized techniques and methods adapted for goats of different body sizes. The Ppl values and the tI/tTOT ratio showed no significant changes with age and body size. The ventilation values (Vt, Ve, mVI and mVE) increased linearly with growth. There was a significant correlation of age and body weight with dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn), total pulmonary resistance (RL), viscous work of breathing (Wvis tot) and minute viscous work (Wvis min) throughout the age range studied. Cdyn, Wvis tot and Wvis min increased and RL decreased with age and body weight. Arterial blood gases (PaO2 and PaCO2) did not show significant changes over the age range studied. Regression equations for each pulmonary function parameter are given with body weight as the independent variable. Data for the mechanics of breathing were compared with those elsewhere for cattle, horses, man and dogs

Enzootische krankheitserscheinungen der atmunigsorgane in der intensieven stiermastung in Belgien.

The enzootic respiratory diseases observed in two fattening units during two consecutive years were shown to behave as two distinct entities: IBR and shipping fever the precise aetiology of which was not determined. The two entities clearly differ from the point of view of epidemiology, symptomatology and economic impact. As far as IBR was concerned and in spite of symptomatic therapeutics, the high mortality rate was responsable of important losses which can arrival in the fattening unit. On the other hand, medical prevention of shipping fever did not seem to be possible and economic losses could only be reduced by early and intensive therapeutics.Les affections respiratoires enzootiques observées dans deux unités d'engraissement intensif de taurillons durant deux années consécutives se sont présentées sous la forme de deux entités bien distinctes: l'une était liée au virus IBR; l'autre, dont l'étiologie précise n'a pas été déterminée, s'apparentait à la shipping fever. Ces deux entités se différencient par leur épidémiologie, leur symptomatologie et leurs répercussions économiques. Dans le cas de l'IBR, le taux élevé de mortalité, malgré des thérapeutiques sympbmatiques, a entraîné de lourdes pertes qui peuvent être évitées par la vaccination systématique des animaux lors de leur arrivée dans l'exploitation. Par contre, la prévention médicale de la shipping fever ne nous a pas semblé possible et ce n'est que par une surveillance attentive des animaux et une indiviuatlisation des thérapeutiques que les répercussions économiques provoquées par ce syndrome ont pu être minimisées.Die Krankheitserscheinungen der atmungsorgane wurden in zwei betrieben beobachtet bei intensiever Mästung junger stiere. Diese erkrankungen hatten zwei verschiedene Ursachen: die eine wurde in verbindung gebracht mit dem virus IBR; die andere, dessen Utiologie nich festgelegt werden konnete, wurde dem "shippping fever" zugeschrieben. Sie unterschieden sich durch die epidemiologie, die symptomatologie und durch die wirtschaftlichen folgen. Trotz des symtomatische ehandlung führte der IBR durch die hole können durch systematisches impfen der tiere im Moment des Aufstallens. Dagegen schien eine medizienische vorbeugung gegen das "shippping fever" nicht möglich; diese krankheit setzt eine konstante aufsicht der tiere und eine individuelle behandlung voraus, wodurch die wirtschaftlichen folgen in grenzen gehalten werden können

Mechanics of Breathing in Goats

peer reviewedaudience: researcher, professional, studentCommon pulmonary function tests used in man and domestic mammals were adapted to the goat. Requirements for intrathoracic pressure record and pulmonary function investigation were determined. The elastance of the mid-thoracic portion of the oesophagus was measured in 17 healthy goats. The calculated percentage error in identifying the endoesophageal intrathoracic pressure decreased with somatic growth, and was found to be smaller than 2 per cent for adult goats. The location of the oesophageal balloon catheter used to measure the intrathoracic pressure was standardised. The following regression equation calculated between the length of catheter (Lcat) and the thoracic circumference (TC) was found: Lcat (cm) = 6.19 +/- 0.7163 X TC (cm) (R2 = 0.96). The influence of the dead space of a face mask on respiration pattern and arterial blood gas were studied. There were no significant changes in arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO2), pHa, breathing frequency and intrathoracic pressures. The influence of head and neck position was investigated. Upper airway resistance (Ruaw), measured with the head in a normal position did not significantly differ from values obtained with the head in a horizontal position. Ruaw measured with the head in a vertical position was considerably increased. Arterial blood gas tension and pulmonary mechanics were measured to assess the reproducibility of pulmonary function measurements. Variability in blood gas tension, tidal volume and minute volume is small. The variability of peak to peak intrathoracic pressure change (max delta Plp), dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn), total pulmonary resistance (RL) and Rt were relatively large

Respiratory and Pulmonary Haemodynamic Changes During Experimental Organophosphate Poisoning in Goats

Five French Alpine goats received 2 mg kg-1 of dichlorvos (DDVP) by intravenous injection and 0.15 mg kg-1 of atropine sulphate 5-10 min later. Ventilatory mechanics, gas exchanges, pulmonary haemodynamics and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were measured before treatment, 5 min after DDVP injection and 5 min after atropine injection. Within 2 min of DDVP administration, all the goats showed acute respiratory distress, excitation and slight muscle fasciculations. A post-inspiratory pause was recorded in 3 goats. Hypersecretion of saliva or nasal discharge was not observed. Dynamic compliance and heart rate decreased significantly and total pulmonary resistance, pulmonary artery and wedge pressures increased significantly. On the other hand, minute ventilation, arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions were not significantly altered by DDVP. Atropine treatment reversed all the clinical and functional parameters, with the exception of the central nervous and muscular signs, which disappeared within 12 h. It was concluded that experimental DDVP toxicosis induced changes in the mechanics of breathing and pulmonary haemodynamics associated with diffuse bronchoconstriction and cardiac insufficiency respectively

Oxygen Transport Properties of Blood in Two Different Bovine Breeds

1. The whole oxygen dissociation curve of oxyhemoglobin has been determined in double-muscled cattle of the Belgian White Blue breed and in Friesian cattle of different body weight. 2. In calves, P50 values are low and DPG level is high (4-20 mumol/g Hb). 3. P50 values of 25 +/- 1.4 mm Hg (mean +/- SD) and a level of DPG less than 1.5 mumol/g Hb have been found in animals weighing more than 80 kg. 4. Effects of temperature and pH on the oxygen dissociation curve have been measured at all levels of saturation. The temperature coefficient (dlog P50/dT) and the Bohr effect expressed as dlog P50/dpH were 0.017 and -0.40, respectively. 5. Hematocrit, hemoglobin concentrations and oxygen capacity of hemoglobin have been measured. 6. No difference between both breeds has been observed. 7. These data can be used to correct measured values of oxygen tension for temperature and pH and to measure oxygen content of blood in cattle