Antihyperglycemic Effect of Methanolic Extract of Aphanamixis polystachya Leaves on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

This study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic effect of methanolic extract of Aphanamixis polystachya leaves in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Wistar rats in each were divided into six groups and these animals were used for the study. In our study methanolic extract of Aphanamixis polystachya leaves was screened for antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The anti-diabetic activity was assessed using blood glucose level, body weight and various biochemical parameters like serum total cholesterol level (TC), triglyceride (TG) level, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), total protein (TP), serum alanine transaminase (SGPT) and aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT), respectively. The methanolic extract of Aphanamixis polystachya leaves exhibited an antidiabetic effect by significantly decreased the level of blood glucose, body weight, TC, TG, TP and increase HDL. The results of the study demonstrated that the treatment with methanolic extract of Aphanamixis polystachya leaves significantly (P<0.05) and dose-dependently prevented STZ-induced diabetic rats. The antioxidant property of plant phenolic and flavonoid contents present in methanolic extract of Aphanamixis polystachya leaves might be responsible for the antidiabetic activity. Keywords: Aphanamixis polystachya leaves; diabetes; streptozotoci

Screening of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Potential of Leaves Extract of Litsea glutinosa

Litsea glutinosa (Lour) leaves are deliberated as worthy traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to screen the phytochemicals, to evaluate the total flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activity of various extract of Litsea glutinosa (Lour). The phytochemical analysis of each solvent extract was also carried out. Total flavonoid content was determined by aluminium chloride colorimetric assay. Antioxidant activity was determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) free radical scavenger methods. Phytochemical screening of various extract revealed the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Diterpenes, Proteins, Carbohydrate and Saponins. The total flavonoid content was found 1.89, 5.01 and 3.16 mg/100mg of dry weight of pet ether, ethanol and aqueous extract respectively, expressed as Quercetin equivalents. Antioxidant activity was performed using three methods DPPH, Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay and Hydrogen Peroxide scavenging activity.  Our current results emerged that Litsea glutinosa (Lour) act as an antioxidant agent due to its free radical scavenging. So, the plant may be further pursued to find out for its pharmacological active natural products. Keywords: Litsea glutinosa (Lour), Qualitative, Quantitative phytochemical, Antioxidant activity

Development and Characterization of Elastic Liposomes of Metronidazole for the Treatment of Bacterial Infection

Objective: The objective of present study is to develop and evaluate the elastic liposomes of metronidazole so as to provide the sustained release and improve its bioavailability. Methods: Elastic liposomes were prepared by rotary evaporation method using Span 80 and Span 60 as a surfactants. The prepared elastic liposomes were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, vesicle size, In vitro drug release. Results: The drug release profiles from different elastic liposomes-in-vehicle formulations were in agreement with the physicochemical properties of the formulations. The formulation prepared showed an average vesicle size 185.4nm. The amount of drug entrapped into the elastic liposomes formulations was determined. The entrapment efficiency was found to be 73.45±0.78 %. A good amount of drug was entrapped in the liposome formulations prepared. Based on different parameters formulations of batch TG2 was found to be the best formulations. Stability study was performed on the selected formulation TG2. When the regression coefficient values of were compared, it was observed that ‘r’ values of first order was maximum i.e. 0.993 hence indicating drug release from formulations was found to follow Korsmeyer Peppas model release kinetics Conclusion: These results indicate that elastic liposome can function as probable drug delivery systems to enhance transdermal permeation of metronidazole for treating the topical infections. Keywords: Metronidazole, Elastic liposomes, Topical administration, Skin infectio

HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Amlodipine and Atorvastatin in Bulk and Formulation

In the present research work, a successful attempt was made for Validated UV and HPLC method development for the estimation of Amlodipine and Atorvastatin in marketed formulation which was developed by experimentation based on thorough literature survey and ascertained by statistical parameters of sampling. The simplicity, rapidity, accurate and reproducibility of the proposed methods completely fulfill the objective of the research work of estimation of the drug in marketed formulation. Liquid chromatographic system from waters comprising of manual injector, Waters 515 binary pump for constant flow and constant pressure delivery and U.V. detector connected to data ace software controlling the instrumentation as well as processing the data generated were used. The isocratic mobile phase consisted of 20 mM KH2PO4: Acetonitrile (pH 3 with OPA) in the ratio of 20:80 v/v at a flow rate of 1.0 ml min-1. A thermo C-18 column (4.6 x 250mm, 5μ particle size) was used as the stationary phase, 237.0 nm was selected as the detection wavelength for UV-vis. detector.  The proposed methods were found to be linear in the range of 1-5 μg/ml & 5-25 μg/ml with correlation coefficient close to one for amlodipine and atorvastatin respectively. Precision was determined by repeatability, Intermediate precision and reproducibility of the drugs. The robustness of developed method was checked by changing in the deliberate variation in solvent. The Simplicity, Rapidly and Reproducibility of the proposed method completely fulfill the objective of this research work.   Keywords: Amlodipine, Atorvastatin, Method development, HPLC, Validatio

Synthesized Silver Nanoparticle Loaded Gel of Curcuma Caesia for Effective Treatment of Acne

Objective: The objective of our research is to prepare silver nanoparticles from the rhizome extract of Curcuma caesia and develop topical herbal gel formulation for the effective treatment of acne. Methods: In this present study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using hydroalcoholic extract of Curcuma caesia rhizome. Silver nanoparticles loaded gels were evaluated for pH, viscosity, spreadability, in vitro release, estimation of total flavonoids and alkaloid content and antibacterial (propioni bacterium acne) studies. Results: The synthesized silver nanoparticles were stable, spherical shape with average particle size of 220.5 nm. The results obtained in the developed formulation showed no lumps, had uniform color dispersion and were free from any fiber and particle. It was also observed to have easy washablity, good spreadability, pH was found to be 6.58±0.02 and 7.02±0.01 similar to pH of the skin. The antibacterial study of the developed formulation showed inhibitory activity against Propioni bacterium acne. Synthesized silver nanoparticle loaded gel displayed drug release of optimized formulation F3 follows the Higuchi kinetic model, and the mechanism is found to be non Fickian/anomalous according to Korsmeyer–Peppas. Silver nanoparticles effectively inhibited the growth of both microorganism indicating good antibacterial properties. Conclusion: Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Curcuma caesia is a new, green method and not reported yet, as per literature survey done for this project. Successful synthesis and evaluation of silver nanoparticles was proved by the in-vitro study. Keywords: Curcuma caesia, Silver nanoparticles, Propioni bacterium acne, Acne, Flavonoids content, Alkaloid content, Antibacterial