Johari-Goldstein relaxation far below Tg: Experimental evidence for the Gardner transition in structural glasses?

Experimental evidence for the Gardner transition, theoretically predicted to arise deep in the glassy state of matter, is scarce. At this transition, the energy landscape sensed by the particles forming the glass is expected to become more complex. In the present work, we report the dielectric response of two typical glass formers with well-pronounced Johari-Goldstein beta relaxation following this response down to unprecedented low temperatures, far below the glass transition. As the Johari-Goldstein process is believed to arise from the local structure of the energy landscape, its investigation seems an ideal tool to seek evidence for the Gardner transition. Indeed, we find an unusual broadening of the beta relaxation below TG ~ 110 K for sorbitol and TG ~ 100 K for xylitol, in excess of the expected broadening arising from a distribution of energy barriers. Thus, these results provide hints at the presence of the Gardner transition in canonical structural glass formers.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures + 2 pages, 3 figures in Supplemental Materia

Optical properties of carbon grains: Influence on dynamical models of AGB stars

For amorphous carbon several laboratory extinction data are available, which show quite a wide range of differences due to the structural complexity of this material. We have calculated self-consistent dynamic models of circumstellar dust-shells around carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch stars, based on a number of these data sets. The structure and the wind properties of the dynamical models are directly influenced by the different types of amorphous carbon. In our test models the mass loss is not severely dependent on the difference in the optical properties of the dust, but the influence on the degree of condensation and the final outflow velocity is considerable. Furthermore, the spectral energy distributions and colours resulting from the different data show a much wider spread than the variations within the models due to the variability of the star. Silicon carbide was also considered in the radiative transfer calculations to test its influence on the spectral energy distribution.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures. To appear in A&

α\alpha- and β\beta- Relaxation Dynamics of a fragile plastic crystal

We present a thorough dielectric investigation of the relaxation dynamics of plastic crystalline Freon112, which exhibits freezing of the orientational degrees of freedom into a glassy crystal below 90 K. Among other plastic crystals, Freon112 stands out by being relatively fragile within Angell's classification scheme and by showing an unusually strong $\beta$-relaxation. Comparing the results to those on Freon112a, having only a single molecular conformation, points to the importance of the presence of two molecular conformations in Freon112 for the explanation of its unusual properties.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figure

The influence of dust properties on the mass loss in pulsating AGB stars

We are currently studying carbon based dust types of relevance for carbon-rich AGB stars, to obtain a better understanding of the influence of the optical and chemical properties of the grains on the mass loss of the star. An investigation of the complex interplay between hydrodynamics,radiative transfer and chemistry has to be based on a better knowledge of the micro-physics of the relevant dust species.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Proceedings for IAU Colloquium 185 "Radial and Nonradial Pulsations as Probes of Stellar Physics

Ions in glass forming glycerol: Close correlation of alpha and fast beta relaxation

We provide broadband dielectric loss spectra of glass-forming glycerol with varying additions of LiCl. The measurements covering frequencies up to 10 THz extend well into the region of the fast beta process, commonly ascribed to caged molecule dynamics. Aside of the known variation of the structural alpha relaxation time and a modification of the excess wing with ion content, we also find a clear influence on the shallow loss minimum arising from the fast beta relaxation. Within the framework of mode-coupling theory, the detected significant broadening of this minimum is in reasonable accord with the found variation of the alpha-relaxation dynamics. A correlation between alpha-relaxation rate and minimum position holds for all ion concentrations and temperatures, even below the critical temperature defined by mode-coupling theory.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Low temperature dielectric relaxation study of aqueous solutions of diethylsulfoxide

In the present work, dielectric spectra of mixtures of diethylsulfoxide (DESO) and water are presented, covering a concentration range of 0.2 - 0.3 molar fraction of DESO. The measurements were performed at frequencies between 1 Hz and 10 MHz and for temperatures between 150 and 300 K. It is shown that DESO/water mixtures have strong glass-forming abilities. The permittivity spectra in these mixtures reveal a single relaxation process. It can be described by the Havriliak-Negami relaxation function and its relaxation times follow the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann law, thus showing the typical signatures of glassy dynamics. The concentration dependence of the relaxation parameters, like fragility, broadening, and glass temperature, are discussed in detail.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figure

Magnetic susceptibility of the frustrated spinels ZnCr2O4, MgCr2O4 and CdCr2O4

We analyzed the magnetic susceptibilities of several Cr spinels using two recent models for the geometrically frustrated pyrochlore lattice, the Quantum Tetrahedral Mean Field model and a Generalized Constant Coupling model. Both models can describe the experimental data for ACr2 O4 (with A = Zn, Mg, and Cd) satisfactorily, with the former yielding a somewhat better agreement with experiment for A = Zn, Mg. The obtained exchange constants for nearest and next-nearest neighbors are discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, 1 table, conferenc

Dust grain properties in atmospheres of AGB stars

We present self-consistent dynamical models for dust driven winds of carbon-rich AGB stars. The models are based on the coupled system of frequency-dependent radiation hydrodynamics and time-dependent dust formation. We investigate in detail how the wind properties of the models are influenced by the micro-physical properties of the dust grains that enter as parameters. The models are now at a level where it is necessary to be quantitatively consistent when choosing the dust properties that enters as input into the models. At our current level of sophistication the choice of dust parameters is significant for the derived outflow velocity, the degree of condensation and the estimated mass loss rates of the models. In the transition between models with and without mass-loss the choice ofmicro-physical parameters turns out to be very significant for whether a particular set of stellar parameters will give rise to a dust-driven mass loss or not.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures. To appear in: Modelling of Stellar Atmospheres, N.E. Piskunov, W.W. Weiss, D.F. Gray (eds.), IAU Symposium Vol. xxx. Proceedings for the IAU Symposium 210, Uppsala, June 200