Constitutional Law - Due Process - Limits on Investigative Power of State Legislative Committees

Defendant appeared before the New Hampshire attorney general, who was authorized by statute to investigate violations of the state subversive activities law and to determine if subversive persons, as defined therein, were present within the state. Defendant refused to answer certain questions about the contents of a university class lecture delivered by him and about his knowledge of other persons\u27 activities in the Progressive Party, contending that such questions infringed an area protected by the First Amendment. The state superior court conceded the infringement of defendant\u27s rights, but found this to be justified by state interest in self-protection, and convicted defendant for contempt. The New Hampshire Supreme Court affirmed. On certiorari to the United States Supreme Court, held, reversed, two justices dissenting. The investigation invaded defendant\u27s rights of academic freedom and political expression protected by the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Because of the breadth of the resolution authorizing the investigation, no state interest was validly expressed, thus obviating any balancing of state and individual interests. Sweezy v. New Hampshire, 354 U.S. 234 (1957)

Labor Law - Union Internal Affairs - Right of Union Members to Inspect Union Books and Exhaustion of Internal Remedies as a Prerequisite to Judicial Enforcement of that Right

Plaintiff, a member of defendant labor union, requested permission to examine all defendant\u27s financial records for a specified period. The request was refused. The constitution of the international union required members to exhaust internal remedies before resorting to the courts. Without exhausting these remedies plaintiff applied for, and received from the trial court, a writ of mandate directing that he be permitted to inspect all the defendant\u27s records and books of account. On appeal, held, affirmed. A member of an unincorporated labor union has a right to inspect its financial records, and it would serve no useful purpose to delay judicial enforcement of that right until all remedies within the union have been exhausted. Mooney v. Bartenders Union Local No. 284, (Calif. 1957) 313 P. (2d) 857

Air Law - Imputed Negligence - Liability of Airplane Owner for Negligence of Pilot

Plaintiff, passenger in an airplane owned by defendant as proprietor of the flight school and piloted by a flight trainee with defendant\u27s permission, suffered injuries in a crash allegedly caused by the negligence of the pilot and brought this action against defendant owner to recover damages. The trial court sustained defendant\u27s motion to dismiss the complaint. On appeal, held, reversed and remanded for new trial. If the allegations of negligence of the pilot are found to be true, defendant would be liable for plaintiff\u27s injuries even though he was not in actual control of the airplane. The governing statutory provisions define operation of aircraft to include causing or authorizing the operation of aircraft, and make it unlawful to operate an aircraft in a careless or reckless manner so as to endanger others. Such operation makes the owner negligent per se and liable for the resulting damage. Lamasters v. Snodgrass, 248 Iowa 1377, 85 N.W. (2d) 622 (1957)

Natural Resources Litigation: A Dialogue on Discovery Abuse and the New Federal Rules

11 p. ; 28 cmhttps://scholar.law.colorado.edu/books_reports_studies/1062/thumbnail.jp

Natural Resources Litigation: A Dialogue on Discovery Abuse and the New Federal Rules

11 p. ; 28 cmhttps://scholar.law.colorado.edu/books_reports_studies/1062/thumbnail.jp

Evaluating the role of quality assessment of primary studies in systematic reviews of cancer practice guidelines

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of study quality assessment of primary studies in cancer practice guidelines. METHODS: Reliable and valid study quality assessment scales were sought and applied to published reports of trials included in systematic reviews of cancer guidelines. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between quality scores and pooled odds ratios (OR) for mortality and need for blood transfusion. RESULTS: Results found that that whether trials were classified as high or low quality depended on the scale used to assess them. Although the results of the sensitivity analyses found some variation in the ORs observed, the confidence intervals (CIs) of the pooled effects from each of the analyses of high quality trials overlapped with the CI of the pooled odds of all trials. Quality score was not predictive of pooled ORs studied here. CONCLUSIONS: Had sensitivity analyses based on study quality been conducted prospectively, it is highly unlikely that different conclusions would have been found or that different clinical recommendations would have emerged in the guidelines

The \u3cem\u3eChlamydomonas\u3c/em\u3e Genome Reveals the Evolution of Key Animal and Plant Functions

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga whose lineage diverged from land plants over 1 billion years ago. It is a model system for studying chloroplast-based photosynthesis, as well as the structure, assembly, and function of eukaryotic flagella (cilia), which were inherited from the common ancestor of plants and animals, but lost in land plants. We sequenced the ∼120-megabase nuclear genome of Chlamydomonas and performed comparative phylogenomic analyses, identifying genes encoding uncharacterized proteins that are likely associated with the function and biogenesis of chloroplasts or eukaryotic flagella. Analyses of the Chlamydomonas genome advance our understanding of the ancestral eukaryotic cell, reveal previously unknown genes associated with photosynthetic and flagellar functions, and establish links between ciliopathy and the composition and function of flagella

When Is a Preannounced New Product Likely to Be Delayed?

Consider that a firm announces a deadline for a new product introduction. Conditional on such a preannouncement, how must an external observer evaluate whether the product will be delayed beyond that deadline? Using data collected from managers in the computer hardware, software, and telecommunications industries, the authors present an analysis that demonstrates that delays in new product introductions beyond preannounced deadlines can be jointly explained by factors related to (1) the firm's motivations to delay the product, (2) the presence of constraints that prevent delay (or the availability of opportunities to delay the product), and (3) the firm's abilities pertaining to product development

Early loss of Crebbp confers malignant stem cell properties on lymphoid progenitors.

Loss-of-function mutations of cyclic-AMP response element binding protein, binding protein (CREBBP) are prevalent in lymphoid malignancies. However, the tumour suppressor functions of CREBBP remain unclear. We demonstrate that loss of Crebbp in murine haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) leads to increased development of B-cell lymphomas. This is preceded by accumulation of hyperproliferative lymphoid progenitors with a defective DNA damage response (DDR) due to a failure to acetylate p53. We identify a premalignant lymphoma stem cell population with decreased H3K27ac, which undergoes transcriptional and genetic evolution due to the altered DDR, resulting in lymphomagenesis. Importantly, when Crebbp is lost later in lymphopoiesis, cellular abnormalities are lost and tumour generation is attenuated. We also document that CREBBP mutations may occur in HSPCs from patients with CREBBP-mutated lymphoma. These data suggest that earlier loss of Crebbp is advantageous for lymphoid transformation and inform the cellular origins and subsequent evolution of lymphoid malignancies