PREVENTION METHODS AND TYPES OF ACADEMIC MISCONDUCT

Purpose and Background: The purpose of the present study is to examine the influence of prevention methods on the incidence of different types of academic misconduct. Plagiarism is a pervasive occurrence and educational systems have had to deal with it and paid a lot because of it for a long time.Methodology: The method of this study is descriptive, in terms of implementation, it is a survey, and in terms of purpose, it is practical. Data for this study were collected using a researcher-constructed questionnaire. Its validity was confirmed by a number of sports management faculty and its reliability calculated 87/0 with Cronbach's alpha. The questionnaire was designed with a Likert scale of 5 values. The participants of the study include physical education students all over the country. Based on geographic regions of the country, five universities selected from the North, South, East, West and center of the country all of which were graduate students of physical education. The statistical sample of the study included graduate students of Physical Education in Tehran, Shiraz, Kurdistan, Mazandaran and Mashhad Universities. The selection of sample was available by stratified-Stochastic sampling method. Sample size in five colleges determined, based on the number of graduate students of this five faculty and using Morgan table.Results: The findings show the importance of prevention methods, especially the knowledgeable observers and judges at various stages of research in occurring academic misconduct.Conclusion: In order to deal with all kinds of academic misconduct, the directors of the affair must give special attention to the prevention methods, especially the knowledgeable observers and judges as an affecting factor in the incidence of academic misconducts.  Article visualizations

Association of two high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV18 and HPV16) with breast cancer in the patients using polymerase chain reaction

Introduction: Two high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV18 and HPV16) immortalize human mammary epithelial cells and reduce their growth factor requirements. Recent studies have identified HPV in a broad range of breast cancer samples. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the association of the mentioned high-risk HPV strains (HPV18, HPV16) with breast cancer in the patients using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) due to the increasing prevalence of breast cancer. Methods: The current work was a retrospective study involving 60 participants (40 patients with breast cancer and 20 healthy people) at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2018-2019. The participants were selected using a convenience sampling method. PCR was used to detect DNA genomes of HPV18 and HPV16. Data was analyzed using Phi and Cramér’s V with SPSS v. 21 by taking into account OR=95% and P=0.05. Results: There was a significant relationship (P value=0.014) between HPV18 and HPV16 infection and breast cancer. Conclusion: A significant relationship was found between the presence of DNA genomes of HPV16 and HPV18 and breast cancer. Therefore, HPV has a significant role in breast cancer

Mechanical Behavior of A MEMS Based Capacitive Energy Harvester

Energy harvesting is defined as a technology that converts the available excess energy in the environment into usable energy for low power consuming electronics. Past researches on vibration energy harvesting has focused mainly on the use of magnets or piezoelectric materials as the basis of energy transduction. This paper presents a new design for extracting energy using an electrostatic capacitive energy harvester which can be considered as a combination of charge constrained and voltage constrain cycles. In previous analyses, the constant charge and constant voltage operation were studied separately, but in this work both of these operations have been studied in a combination with each other. In this paper, the variable capacitor is formed by an out of plane gap closing structure. In order to investigate the mechanical behaviour of the capacitive energy harvester, a rectangular micro plate is considered with geometrical and material properties. Due to the nonlinearity and low displacement amplitude that result from electrostatic force, energy can be generated. In order to study the primer factors for increasing generated energy, geometrical parameters of the system have been changed. Time history of the shuttle mass and micro-plate undergone vibration are illustrated. It must be noted that after several cycle vibration of the plate, it reaches to stability and regular cycles