The same storm but not the same boat: Effects of COVID ‐19 stay‐at‐home order on mental health in individuals with overweight

Objective: To describe the effects of stay‐at‐home orders and social distancing during the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) outbreak on mental health and to compare these outcomes between individuals with normal weight and overweight. Methods: This cross‐sectional study included 1857 Brazilian adults, who were invited through social media to answer an online questionnaire from 5 May 2020 to 17 May 2020. The instrument included questions related to health behaviour, mental health (anxiety, depression, self‐esteem, sadness and stress) and overall health. Overweight was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 Kg/m2. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to identify whether overweight is associated with mental health variables. Results: Women reported increased anxiety (36.5% vs 22.2%, P < .01), depression (16.2% vs 8.8%, P < .01), low self‐esteem (19.8% vs 10.6%, P < .01), sadness (17.7% vs 10.2%, P < .01), and stress (29.5% vs 19.3%, P < .01) relative to men. Women with overweight are more likely to report higher feeling of anxiety (OR 1.62, CI 95% 1.22‐2.14), depression (OR 1.79, CI 95% 1.25‐2.55), low self‐esteem (OR 1.82, CI95% 1.28‐2.58) and sadness (OR 1.51, CI 95% 1.08‐2.10), adjusted for age, social isolation days, educational level, chronic diseases, smoke, alcohol intake and physical activity. Conclusion: Women, specially those with overweight are more vulnerable to the deleterious effects of stay‐at‐home orders on mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Eating disorders in weight-related therapy (EDIT): Protocol for a systematic review with individual participant data meta-analysis of eating disorder risk in behavioural weight management

The Eating Disorders In weight-related Therapy (EDIT) Collaboration brings together data from randomised controlled trials of behavioural weight management interventions to identify individual participant risk factors and intervention strategies that contribute to eating disorder risk. We present a protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis which aims to identify participants at risk of developing eating disorders, or related symptoms, during or after weight management interventions conducted in adolescents or adults with overweight or obesity. We systematically searched four databases up to March 2022 and clinical trials registries to May 2022 to identify randomised controlled trials of weight management interventions conducted in adolescents or adults with overweight or obesity that measured eating disorder risk at pre- and post-intervention or follow-up. Authors from eligible trials have been invited to share their deidentified IPD. Two IPD meta-analyses will be conducted. The first IPD meta-analysis aims to examine participant level factors associated with a change in eating disorder scores during and following a weight management intervention. To do this we will examine baseline variables that predict change in eating disorder risk within intervention arms. The second IPD meta-analysis aims to assess whether there are participant level factors that predict whether participation in an intervention is more or less likely than no intervention to lead to a change in eating disorder risk. To do this, we will examine if there are differences in predictors of eating disorder risk between intervention and no-treatment control arms. The primary outcome will be a standardised mean difference in global eating disorder score from baseline to immediately post-intervention and at 6- and 12- months follow-up. Identifying participant level risk factors predicting eating disorder risk will inform screening and monitoring protocols to allow early identification and intervention for those at risk

Eating disorders in weight-related therapy (EDIT): protocol for a systematic review with individual participant data meta-analysis of eating disorder risk in behavioural weight management

The Eating Disorders In weight-related Therapy (EDIT) Collaboration brings together data from randomised controlled trials of behavioural weight management interventions to identify individual participant risk factors and intervention strategies that contribute to eating disorder risk. We present a protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis which aims to identify participants at risk of developing eating disorders, or related symptoms, during or after weight management interventions conducted in adolescents or adults with overweight or obesity. We systematically searched four databases up to March 2022 and clinical trials registries to May 2022 to identify randomised controlled trials of weight management interventions conducted in adolescents or adults with overweight or obesity that measured eating disorder risk at pre- and post-intervention or follow-up. Authors from eligible trials have been invited to share their deidentified IPD. Two IPD meta-analyses will be conducted. The first IPD meta-analysis aims to examine participant level factors associated with a change in eating disorder scores during and following a weight management intervention. To do this we will examine baseline variables that predict change in eating disorder risk within intervention arms. The second IPD meta-analysis aims to assess whether there are participant level factors that predict whether participation in an intervention is more or less likely than no intervention to lead to a change in eating disorder risk. To do this, we will examine if there are differences in predictors of eating disorder risk between intervention and no-treatment control arms. The primary outcome will be a standardised mean difference in global eating disorder score from baseline to immediately post-intervention and at 6- and 12- months follow-up. Identifying participant level risk factors predicting eating disorder risk will inform screening and monitoring protocols to allow early identification and intervention for those at risk

Relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence and visceral fat in obese adolescents

Background. Visceral adiposity is the major risk factor for paediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Aims. Determine the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease according to the visceral fat quartile. Subjects. 181 obese adolescents including 113 girls (16.58 +/- 1.56 years) and 68 boys (16.87 +/- 1.62 years) were evaluated. Methods. the inclusion criteria were obesity and post-pubertal stage of Tanner. Visceral fat of obese adolescents was distributed in quartiles after ultrasound nonalcoholic fatty liver disease diagnosis. Results. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence was 45.30%. It was observed that 62.07% and 76.47% of girls and boys with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were found in the 4th quartile. in a multivariate logistic analysis it was observed that only visceral fat remained statistically significant, every I cm increase in visceral fat was associated with a 1.97 fold (95% CI 1.06-3.66) in boys and 2.08 fold (95% CI 1.38-3.13) in girls increased risk to develop nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Indeed it was verified a positive correlation between visceral fat, body mass index, insulin levels, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index and steatosis degree. Conclusions. Our findings suggested that the expansion of visceral fat was a determinant factor to increase nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence and the visceral fat measured by ultrasound might be a good predictor to identify risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese adolescents. It was confirmed by a stronger correlation between visceral fat and body mass index. (c) 2007 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista Med Sch, UNIFESP EPM, Post Grad Program Nutr, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista Med Sch, UNIFESP EPM, Dept Diagnost Imaging, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista Med Sch, UNIFESP EPM, Dept Psychobiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista Med Sch, UNIFESP EPM, Dept Hlth Sci, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista Med Sch, UNIFESP EPM, Post Grad Program Nutr, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista Med Sch, UNIFESP EPM, Dept Diagnost Imaging, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista Med Sch, UNIFESP EPM, Dept Psychobiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista Med Sch, UNIFESP EPM, Dept Hlth Sci, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Metabolic and nutritional profile of obese adolescents with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Background: the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing due to its prevalence in obesity, diabetes, and insulin-resistance syndrome. the best treatment protocol for NAFLD has not been determined. However, there is evidence that exercise and nutritional intervention can improve and prevent it. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the dietary and metabolic profiles of obese adolescents with NAFLD who participated in a multidisciplinary program.Patients and Methods: We studied 43 adolescents ages 15 to 19 years (17.18 +/- 1.66 years) with a body mass index (BMI) >= 30, consisting of 30 patients without NAFLD (BMI = 35.80 +/- 3.44 kg/m(2)) and 13 with NAFLD (BMI=33.4 +/- 2.34kg/m(2)). the NAFLD diagnosis was determined by ultrasonography. Blood samples were collected to analyze glycemia, hepatic aminotransferase levels, and lipid profiles. Insulin resistance was measured by homeostasis model assessment insulin-resistance index (HOMA-IR). the analyses of baseline and postintervention food intake were made by a 3-day inquiry.Results: At baseline conditions, the patients with NAFLD showed significant differences in body mass, BMI, and visceral and subcutaneous fat. Glucose and visceral and subcutaneous fat presented a significant reduction after treatment in patients with NAFLD. Analyzing the food intake, at baseline we observed a positive correlation between the visceral obesity and lipid consumption only in patients with NAFLD. We also observed significant decrease in energy and cholesterol consumption in patients with NAFLD after the multidisciplinary therapy.Conclusions: the intervention promoted a decrease in the prevalence of NAFLD, a significant decrease in visceral obesity, and improved HOMA-IR, glycemia, and serum lipid levels that are risk factors for NAFLD. in summary, the multidisciplinary program is essential in the treatment and prevention of NAFLD.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, EPM, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, EPM, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc