Survey Of Bouldering Problems And Enhanced Documentation Of Native American Rock Imagery, Hueco Tanks State Park And Historic Site, El Paso County, Texas

This report presents the results of an extensive photographic survey of recreational boulder climbing routes (i.e., bouldering problems) and enhanced documentation of Native American rock imagery at Hueco Tanks State Park and Historic Site in El Paso County, Texas, by Versar, Inc., for Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Fieldwork for this project was conducted between March and June 2016. Based on the two most comprehensive bouldering guidebooks available for Hueco Tanks, approximately 1,901 published bouldering problems exist within the park. Of these, 172 bouldering problems are within areas indicated as closed as of June 2015 by the Public Use Plan and park administration for erosion control, rock art protection, or other resource conflicts and therefore were not part of the survey scope; however, 18 of these closed bouldering problems were documented during training exercises for this survey. An additional 122 previously unpublished bouldering problems were identified and documented during this survey. In total, 1,869 bouldering problems were documented by this project. During this survey, the rock surface along each boulder problem was systematically photographed. A digital image enhancement algorithm (DStretch) was applied to each survey photograph, which were then reviewed for the presence of Native American rock art imagery or pigment remnants. Native American imagery or pigment remnants were identified and documented at 31 locations within or near currently open bouldering problems and at three locations adjacent to currently closed problems. Native American rock imagery identified and documented during this effort range from sparse pigment remnants to identifiable stylistic elements and patterns characteristic of the Jornada Mogollon prehistoric cultural region

Two Hawk Dreams

Bighorn sheep graze on the last of the green grass on Gets-Struck-By-Lightning Mountain in the late fall. Two Hawk’s father and older brother, Night Heron, set off through newly fallen snow to hunt with their dogs. Two Hawk is sad to be left behind, but he has heard the bull elk’s mating call for only seven seasons, too few to be old enough to hunt. So begins another day for a boy of the Tukudika (Sheep Eater) Shoshones, living in the traditional ways in what will one day be known as Yellowstone National Park. Two Hawk is learning those ways, accompanied by his dog, Gypsum, and a talkative magpie whose secrets only Two Hawk can hear. His adventures, beautifully illustrated by Davíd Joaquín, show Two Hawk, and the reader, the meaning of rituals and responsibilities and the mystical origins of Two Hawk’s name. Only the appearance of the hairy-face man who crosses paths with Two Hawk’s family suggests the vast changes that are soon to shake the Shoshones’ world

Tumpituxwinap (Storied Rocks): Southern Paiute Rock Art in the Colorado River Corridor

The Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) is interested in understanding the human and environmental consequences of past Glen Canyon Dam water release policies and using these data to inform future water release and land management policies. One step in this direction is to understand how American Indian people have used the Colorado River and adjoining lands in Glen Canyon and Grand Canyon. The BOR, through its Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) office, has provided funds for various American Indian groups to identify places and things of cultural significance in the 300 mile long river and canyon ecosystem that has come to be called the Colorado River Corridor. This study is the second to report on the cultural resources of the Southern Paiute people found in this riverine ecosystem. The rock art study funded by the BOR and managed by the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) office is the basis of this report. This study is unique in the history of rock art studies and is unusual when compared with other American Indian cultural resource assessments. There are five unique features of this study. First, all funds for conducting the research were contracted to the Southern Paiute Consortium. Second, the Southern Paiute people decided during the previous studies that their next study would be about rock art. Third, the GCES /BOR permitted research to be conducted in terms of Paiute perceptions of the study area rather than specifically in terms of the scientifically established study area for the project. Thus, it was possible to conduct the Kanab Creek side canyon study. Fourth, all interviews were guided by a ten -page survey instrument, so Southern Paiute responses could be systematically compared. Fifth, both all-male and all- female research trips were conducted, thus producing the first gender - specific interviews of rock art sites. The resulting study is both interdisciplinary and multivocal.This is the public version of this report. A restricted access version was prepared for tribal members only. This report is one of three reports produced for the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Program.This item is part of the Richard Stoffle Collection. It was digitized from a physical copy provided by Richard Stoffle, Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology, School of Anthropology at the University of Arizona. For more information about items in this collection, please email Special Collections, [email protected]

Ceramics from the Firehole Basin Site and Firehole Phase in the Wyoming Basin

The Firehole Basin site (48SW1217), excavated in 1976 and 1977, is the type site for the Firehole phase proposed by Metcalf for the Wyoming Basin of central and western Wyoming. Given the dearth of excavated sites for the period from 700-300 B.P, and dated ceramics in Wyoming Basin in general, the Firehole Basin assemblage is an important indicator of material culture in this time period, but the artifacts have never been analyzed or reported in detail. Most researchers have characterized the Firehole Basin ceramics as Intermountain ware, but the ceramics have few affinities with this type, and this label should not be applied. Likewise, the Firehole Basin ceramics do not fit the definition of Boars Tusk Gray ware, a proposed southwest Wyoming type. The closest stylistic and technological affinities may be with Uncompahgre Brown ware or the recently proposed Waltman Brown ware