Awarding Counsel Fees; American Rule; Equitable Exceptions; Private Attorney General Theory; Limitations; Alyeska Pipeline Service Co. v. Wilderness Society

THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT, in its decision in Alyeska Pipeline Service Co. v. Wilderness Society,\u27 denied the federal courts the power to assess attorney\u27s fees against a party to a suit, solely upon the court\u27s appraisement of the social value of a successful plaintiff\u27s suit

Cuba and the Secret World

© 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This article explores the career of Maj. Juan Rodríguez, who served in Cuban intelligence from 1958 to 1987. It discusses the origins and nature of the Castro regime’s security and intelligence services, including the development and prioritization of their missions. It identifies the milestones that defined these services’ institutional history. It connects this history to US–Cuban relations in the post-Cold War period. And it proposes a research agenda that will contribute to more equitable and integrated approaches to the modern and contemporary history of the Americas and the developing world, and to more diverse and representative security and intelligence studies

The carbon dioxide combining power of the blood plasma, its determination and its significance in certain pathological conditions

1. There is a marked fall in the CO₂ combining power of the blood plasma in states of uraemia as estimated by the Van Slyke apparatus.2. Relative normal in Chronic Interstitial Nephritis where there is no clinical evidence of uraemia.3. If the CO₂ combining power reading of the blood plasma remains high then less likelihood of uraemia supervening.4. Suggested early treatment of uraemia before definite clinical signs of this condition appear if one finds the reading of the CO₂ combining power commencing to fall.5. Patient is more likely to die suddenly of cerebral haemorrhage than go into uraemic coma if the CO₂ combining power reading remains high. It is in cases of high blood pressures:- all the cases I have mentioned had relatively high blood pressures.)6. CO₂ combining power reading of the blood plasma is of useful diagnostic value in comatose or semi-comatose patients. If the CO₂ combining power reading is high then less likelihood of patient being in uraemic coma,7. If CO₂ combining,power reading is low in an unconscious patient and after examination of urine no sugar is found, the patient is likely to be in uraemic coma.8. Findings are not so low in this short series of cases as others have found (i.e. the CO₂ combining power readings of the blood plasma).9. There is no particular correlation between the CO₂ combining power findings and the blood chemistry findings.10. CO₂ combining power readings useful in diagnosis of epileptic seizures from uraemic convulsions, if any dubiety should arise in the diagnosis.11. Relative lowness of supposed normal figures found as compared to those found by Van Slyke, Dunlop Stewart and others

Executive Education: Can it Be Too Good?

A successful business school must serve two communities: the research community on one hand; and the business community on the other. However, despite the spectacular growth of business education over the last four or five decades, there has been growing criticism of the relevance of much business school activity: The academic-practitioner divide has emerged and largely refuses to close. To bridge the gap b-schools must serve both communities concurrently. Executive education is identified as being a critical strategy in the repertoire of b-school deans through which to do so. The aim of this paper is to discuss the construct of executive education, and to challenge some of the dominant logics that executive education is simply education for executives. Executive education is reported as being distinctive from most content focused education – the tangible material that most universities teach. The successful design and delivery of a suite of non-credit executive education courses, with a focus on corporate and institutional governance, is presented. Their underpinning pedagogy, based on developing a critically reflective practitioner, is discussed. Executive education courses are found to be distinctive on the basis that responsibility for learning, and the direction of the journey being taken, rests largely with the participants themselves. The adverse reaction to a six month long not-for-credit short course, offered in-house annually for four years is then briefly described. Observations are shared as to the source of this reaction. The means of avoiding similar adversity towards effective executive education in the future is then identified

Principal Consumer: President Biden\u27s Approach To Intelligence

United States President Joe Biden has been in government since 1973. Despite the changing nature of international relations since then, his approach to intelligence has remained consistent and stable, including his enthusiasm for national intelligence and uneasiness about militarizing it. This article assesses United States President Joe Biden\u27s approach to intelligence. It evaluates his evolving relationship with the Central Intelligence Agency and the rest of the intelligence community from the early 1970s, when he was elected to Congress, to the early 2020s, when he became the forty-sixth president of the United States. It concludes that, against the ever-changing context of international affairs, from the late Cold War to the global \u27war on terror\u27, Biden\u27s approach to intelligence has remained consistent and stable, showing, on the one hand, enthusiasm for the production of national intelligence, and, on the other, a marked uneasiness about paramilitary covert action and the militarization of intelligence. The discussion that follows speaks to a larger debate, dating to the 1940s and still ongoing, in the executive and legislative branches of government, concerning the purposes and proper use of intelligence. This will interest policy-makers, officials and lawmakers responsible for intelligence and oversight, researchers and practitioners in security and intelligence, and scholars of American foreign relations