Exemple au service de la spiritualité conjugale : les couples royaux dans « Le Livre de la vertu du sacrement de mariage » de Philippe de Mézières

The reading of the didactic works dedicated to the feminine public at the end of the Middle Ages teaches us that their authors treat the marriage as a natural vocation of the woman and although they are not indifferent to the religious dimension of the conjugal reality, it is the terrestrial and profane aspect that interests them more. So the works such as the Livre pour l'enseignement de ses filles of Geoffroy de La Tour Landry, Mesnagier de Paris and even Le Livre des Trois Vertus of Christine de Pizan appear in the form of textbooks in which the women can find any sort of rules, even practical advice on how to become a good wife and how to make a successful marriage. Among these books concerning the conjugal savoirfaire, the treaty of Philippe de Mézières Le Livre de la Vertu du sacrament de marriage et reconfort des dames mariés (1385-1389) occupies a very particular place. At first because the material sphere and everyday life of the life of a couple interest him only marginally, then because he turns all his attention to the essence of the marriage. Through his return in the spiritual conceptions of the marriage Philippe de Mézières anticipates his time. By putting in the heart of the marriage the love, by putting the love as the foundation of the marital union, he contributes to the advent of the modern couple which will triumph only after the Council of Thirty

Le projet du bonheur conjugal dans Le Mesnagier de Paris

Mesnagier de Paris, drafted in 1393 by an unknown bourgeois person for his young wife, is considered as the most famous medieval treaty concerning the education of women. The happiness is not the main subject of Mesnagier; it is not even evoked in a direct way. The happiness or bliss remains an objective presupposed by the advice given to the young wife. The main purpose of all the eductation is order. The happiness is its corollary. The vision of bliss sketched in Mesnagier de Paris concentrates around the image of the house. The project of the bourgeois authors thus is to build through the structure of the domestic space in its materiał and symbolic dimension a vision of the deserving and honest life. The conception of happiness is based on an at the same time medieval and bourgeois vision of the world. The idea of the stable and unchanging character of the relations between the sexes and that of the ambivalent naturę of women - are medieval. However the ecstasy of conjugal happiness softens in a sensitive way the usual moralizing rhetoric. The need of prosperity and materiał comfort, declared openly, is connected to the urban culture that gets ready for the splendors of the Renaissance

«De la noncin» et «d'une nonne». Lecture cnmparée des structures spatiales dans les miracles

The paper is a comparison of the two narrative and dramatic medieval miracles. The texts come from different times, but they both, tell the same story - a miraculous intervention of the Virgin Mary on a life of a young nun. Written in the 14th century, the dramatic version is an adaptation of Gautier de Coincy narrative miracle. The author of the paper intends to seize the spatial transformations that occur between narrative “hypotexte” and dramatic “hypertexte”. Indirectly, this analysis evokes a question of rewriting in French medieval literature

Si Griseldis m’était conté : entre attendrissement et enseignement

My intention is to show in this article the role of emotions in the reception and dissemination of the Griselda story. Petrarch’s affective reactions to Boccaccio’s tale opened the path that many authors would pursue. I propose to trace the transition from the strange and confusing story to didactic and exemplary and explain the place of Griselda in courtesy literature addressed to women in the late Middle Ages.My intention is to show in this article the role of emotions in the reception and dissemination of the Griselda story. Petrarch’s affective reactions to Boccaccio’s tale opened the path that many authors would pursue. I propose to trace the transition from the strange and confusing story to didactic and exemplary and explain the place of Griselda in courtesy literature addressed to women in the late Middle Ages.My intention is to show in this article the role of emotions in the reception and dissemination of the Griselda story. Petrarch’s affective reactions to Boccaccio’s tale opened the path that many authors would pursue. I propose to trace the transition from the strange and confusing story to didactic and exemplary and explain the place of Griselda in courtesy literature addressed to women in the late Middle Ages

Human life in the rhythm of the seasons and the months – Philippe de Novare Les Quatre âges de l’homme and Les Douze mois figurez

The division of human life into ages is not only a sociological issue but also includes a philosophical, moral and religious reflection. The relationship between human life and the course of the year punctuated by the seasons and months has not remained without influence on the very notion of the ages of life. The question that arises is whether we can harmonize the unpredictable flow of human life with the calendar. The confrontation of two medieval works which develop this parallel: the treatise by Philippe de Novare Les Quatre âges de l’homme, and the anonymous poem Les Douze mois figurez, should provide an answer to this question.The division of human life into ages is not only a sociological issue but also includes a philosophical, moral and religious reflection. The relationship between human life and the course of the year punctuated by the seasons and months has not remained without influence on the very notion of the ages of life. The question that arises is whether we can harmonize the unpredictable flow of human life with the calendar. The confrontation of two medieval works which develop this parallel: the treatise by Philippe de Novare Les Quatre âges de l’homme, and the anonymous poem Les Douze mois figurez, should provide an answer to this question

Avant-propos

Avant-propo

Time of onset of coronary artery disease in diabetic patients depends on genetic polymorphism in region 9p21 but not in 1p25

Introduction. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is an important risk factor for development of coronary artery disease (CAD) and its complications. Recent genetic studies revealed possible association between those two conditions on the genome level. In our study we analysed whether polymorphisms in loci 1q25 and 9p21, previously characterized as risk factors of CVD, have an influence on early-onset CAD in T2DM patients. Materials and methods. Our case-control study included 338 patients suffering from T2DM and CAD. For the study purpose the cohort was divided into two groups based on the age of CAD onset: case group with earlyonset CAD (< 55 for males and < 65 years for females, n = 180) and control group (≥ 55 and ≥ 65 years respectively, n = 158). Epidemiological data was taken from medical history and retrospective questionnaire; blood samples were collected. The rs2383206, rs1333049 and rs10911021 were genotyped using method of fluorescently labelled allele specific oligonucleotides. Results. Statistical analysis did not reveal any significant differences between two groups in the mean duration of diabetes, metabolic parameters (weight, waist circum- ference, frequency of obesity according to BMI, mean blood pressure or lipids levels) and smoking history. There were statistical differences between groups in family incidence of CAD (70.0% patients in cases vs. 45.6% in controls; p < 0.005), hypertension (77.1% vs. 47.8%; p < 0.005) and obesity (61.2% vs. 49.0%; p < 0.05). Genetic analysis revealed that frequency of the G allele of rs2383206 in 9p21 region was significantly higher in cases than in controls (62.4% vs 44.0% p < 0.00001). Homozygotes GG were 39.4% of cases and 18.8% in controls (p = 0.0001). The OR for increased risk of early CAD in GG homozygotes was 2.81, 95% CI: 2.39–3.24, after adjustment for conventional risk factors it was reduced to 2.58. There was statistically significantly higher frequency of GG homozygotes among patients with poor glycaemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7%; 41.3% vs. 15.9; p = 0.0011) and non-obese subjects (BMI < 30 kg/m2; 39.7% vs. 18.2%, p = 0.0002). Similar association between genotype and risk of early CAD was found for another polymorphism rs1333049 in 9p21 region. Frequency of allele C was significantly higher in cases than in controls (56.3% vs 43.4, p = 0.0036) and homozygotes CC were 31.6% in cases and 17.4% in controls (p = 0.0083). OR for this association was 2.2 (95% CI: 1.83–2.56); after adjustments 1.96. We didn’t find any association between genotypes distribution of rs10911021 and early onset of CAD. Conclusions. Our findings clearly suggest that polymorphisms in 9p21 region have an influence on development of early-onset CAD in T2DM, especially in non-obese patients and subjects with poor glycaemic control. (Clin Diabet 2016; 5, 1: 7–14

Experimental investigation of the use of sharp edges for the production of positive ions in field-ionization mass spectrometry

Various commercial razor blades have been tested for field ionization performance and compared with edges prepared electrochemically from platinum and tungsten foils. The results are correlated with data obtained from electron micrographs of the various edges. It is concluded that tungsten edges offer the best compromise between field ionization efficiency and durability of the edge

Time of onset of coronary artery disease in diabetic patients depends on genetic polymorphism in region 9p21 but not in 1p25

Wstęp. Cukrzyca typu 2 (DM2) jest ważnym czynnikiem ryzyka rozwoju choroby niedokrwiennej serca (CAD) i jej powikłań. W badaniach genetycznych prowadzonych w ciągu ostatnich lat wykazano potencjalny związek między tymi chorobami na poziomie genetycznym. Celem pracy była analiza związku między polimorfizmem w loci 1q25 oraz 9p21 (znanym jako czynnik ryzyka chorób sercowo-naczyniowych) a wczesnym początkiem choroby niedokrwiennej serca u chorych na cukrzycę typu 2. Materiał i metody. Do kliniczno-kontrolnego badania włączono 338 chorych na cukrzycę typu 2 ze współistniejącą chorobą niedokrwienną serca. Na potrzeby badania uczestników podzielono na dwie grupy w zależności od wieku w momencie rozpoznania choroby niedokrwiennej serca: grupę osób z wczesnym początkiem choroby (< 55. rż. u mężczyzn i < 65. rż. u kobiet, n = 180) oraz grupę kontrolną (odpowiednio ≥ 55. oraz ≥ 65. rż., n = 158). Dane epidemiologiczne uzyskano z dokumentacji medycznej oraz retrospektywnego kwestionariusza, od każdego chorego pobrano próbkę krwi do badań genetycznych, polimorfizmy rs2383206, rs1333049 i rs10911021 oznaczono za pomocą specyficznych primerów. Wyniki. W analizie statystycznej nie wykazano istotnych różnic pomiędzy średnim czasem trwania cukrzycy, parametrami metabolicznymi (masa ciała, obwód talii, otyłość, wartości ciśnienia tętniczego krwi, profil lipidowy) ani wywiadem w kierunku palenia tytoniu. Wykazano istotną statystycznie różnicę między grupami pod względem rodzinnego występowania choroby niedokrwiennej serca (70,0% chorych w grupie badanej vs. 45,6% w grupie kontrolnej; p < 0,005), nadciśnienia tętniczego (77,1% vs. 47,8%; p < 0,005) oraz otyłości (61,2% vs. 49,0%; p < 0,05). W analizie genetycznej wykazano, że allel G rs2383206 istotnie częściej występował w badanej grupie (62,4% vs. 44,0%; p < 0,00001). Homozygoty GG stanowiły 39,4% grupy badanej oraz 18,8% grupy kontrolnej (p = 0,0001). Iloraz szans (OR) wystąpienia wczesnej choroby niedokrwiennej serca wynosił 2,81; 95-procentowy przedział ufności (95% CI) 2,39–3,24, a po skorygowaniu względem innych tradycyjnych czynników ryzyka wartość OR zmniejszyła się do 2,58. Homozygoty GG istotnie częściej występowały u chorych z niewyrównaną glikemią [wartość hemoglobiny glikowanej (HbA1c) ≥ 7% — 41,3% vs. 15,9; p = 0,0011) oraz szczupłych [wskaźnik masy ciała (BMI) < 30 kg/m2 — 39,7% vs. 18,2%; p = 0,0002]. Podobny związek między wczesnym występowaniem choroby niedokrwiennej serca obserwowano w przypadku innego polimorfizmu w regionie 9p21 rs1333049. Częstość allelu C była znamiennie wyższa w u chorych z wczesną chorobą niedokrwienną serca (56,3% vs. 43,4, p = 0,0036). Homozygoty CC stanowiły w tej podgrupie 31,6%, natomiast w grupie kontrolnej — 17,4% (p = 0,0083). Iloraz szans wynosił 2,2 (95%CI 1,83–2,56), a po skorygowaniu względem innych czynników ryzyka — 1,96. Nie obserwowano istotnej statystycznie różnicy pod względem dystrybucji genotypów rs10911021 w badanych grupach. Wnioski. Uzyskane przez autorów wyniki pozwalają potwierdzić, że polimorfizmy w regionie 9p21 wpływają na wczesny wiek wystąpienia choroby niedokrwiennej serca u osób chorych na cukrzycę typu 2, szczególnie w grupie szczupłych chorych z niewyrównaną glikemią.  Introduction. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is an important risk factor for development of coronary artery disease (CAD) and its complications. Recent genetic studies revealed possible association between those two conditions on the genome level. In our study we analysed whether polymorphisms in loci 1q25 and 9p21, previously characterized as risk factors of CVD, have an influence on early-onset CAD in T2DM patients. Materials and methods. Our case-control study included 338 patients suffering from T2DM and CAD. For the study purpose the cohort was divided into two groups based on the age of CAD onset: case group with earlyonset CAD (< 55 for males and < 65 years for females, n = 180) and control group (≥ 55 and ≥ 65 years respectively, n = 158). Epidemiological data was taken from medical history and retrospective questionnaire; blood samples were collected. The rs2383206, rs1333049 and rs10911021 were genotyped using method of fluorescently labelled allele specific oligonucleotides. Results. Statistical analysis did not reveal any significant differences between two groups in the mean duration of diabetes, metabolic parameters (weight, waist circumference, frequency of obesity according to BMI, mean blood pressure or lipids levels) and smoking history. There were statistical differences between groups in family incidence of CAD (70.0% patients in cases vs. 45.6% in controls; p < 0.005), hypertension (77.1% vs. 47.8%; p < 0.005) and obesity (61.2% vs. 49.0%; p < 0.05). Genetic analysis revealed that frequency of the G allele of rs2383206 in 9p21 region was significantly higher in cases than in controls (62.4% vs. 44.0% p < 0.00001). Homozygotes GG were 39.4% of cases and 18.8% in controls (p = 0.0001). The OR for increased risk of early CAD in GG homozygotes was 2.81, 95% CI: 2.39–3.24, after adjustment for conventional risk factors it was reduced to 2.58. There was statistically significantly higher frequency of GG homozygotes among patients with poor glycaemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7%; 41.3% vs. 15.9; p = 0.0011) and non-obese subjects (BMI < 30 kg/m2; 39.7% vs. 18.2%, p = 0.0002). Similar association between genotype and risk of early CAD was found for another polymorphism rs1333049 in 9p21 region. Frequency of allele C was significantly higher in cases than in controls (56.3% vs. 43.4, p = 0.0036) and homozygotes CC were 31.6% in cases and 17.4% in controls (p = 0.0083). OR for this association was 2.2 (95% CI: 1.83–2.56); after adjustments 1.96. We didn’t find any association between genotypes distribution of rs10911021 and early onset of CAD. Conclusions. Our findings clearly suggest that polymorphisms in 9p21 region have an influence on development of early-onset CAD in T2DM, especially in non-obese patients and subjects with poor glycaemic control.