Cultural heritage and fortifications built for defence of the Strait of Messina in the late 19th century

Cultural heritage and fortifications built for defence of the Strait of Messina in the late 19th centuryCultural heritage and fortifications built for defence of the Strait of Messina in the late 19th centur

Una splendida cittadella fortificata a presidio dello Stretto di Messina

[EN] The Real Citadel of Messina is among the most spectacular fortifications built in the Mediterranean in the late seventeenth century. Planned by the Spaniard rulers following the bloody suppression of the 1674-78’s revolt, Carlos de Grunenbergh conceived it according to two converging needs: controlling the Strait of Messina and inhibiting future ideas of revolt. Significant presence with a strong visual impact. Set in the middle of the “scythe” of the natural harbour, this imposing appearance results from a well definite pentagonal layout. Conceived as a "citadel", unlike the other fortifications of the city laid out as "strongholds" on the hills, it has a considerable size and the possibility of military hosting. Today it lays in poor condition, partly destroyed, badly preserved and unfitted to a correct use. A program of actions would be advisable for its conservation in order to give the monument a new life, within an innovative circuit of functions.Lo Curzio, M.; Lo Curzio, M. (2015). Una splendida cittadella fortificata a presidio dello Stretto di Messina. En Defensive architecture of the mediterranean: XV to XVIII centuries. Vol. I. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 183-190. https://doi.org/10.4995/FORTMED2015.2015.1738OCS18319

Delayed diagnosis of coeliac disease increases cancer risk

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens

Developments in the remote sensing of soil erosion in the perspective of sub-Saharan Africa. Implications on future food security and biodiversity

The remote sensing of soil erosion has gained substantial consideration, with considerable scientific research work having been conducted in the past, due to technological improvements that have resulted in the release of robust, cheap and high resolution datasets with a global foot-print. This paper reviews developments in the application of remote sensing technologies in sub-Saharan Africa with a explicit emphasis on soil erosion monitoring. Soil loss due to soil erosion by water has been identified by African geomorphologists, environmentalists and governments, as the primary threat to agriculture, biodiversity and food security across the continent. The article offers a detailed review of the progress in the remote sensing as it summarises research work that have been conducted, using various remote sensing sensors and platforms and further evaluates the significance of variations in sensor resolutions and data availability for sub-Saharan Africa. Explicit application examples are used to highlight and outline this progress. Although some progress has been made, this review has revealed the necessity for further remote sensing work to provide time-series soil erosion modelling and its implications on future food security and biodiversity in the face of changing climate and food insecurity. Overall, this review have shown the immediate need for a drastical move towards the use of new generation sensors with a plausible spatial, temporal characteristics and more importantly a global foot-print

The Ricardo Reis of Pessoa and the Ricardo Reis of Saramago: differences and similarities

reservedIl seguente elaborato punta ad analizzare le interpretazioni di Fernando Pessoa e José Saramago del personaggio di Ricardo Reis, eteronimo di Pessoa e protagonista del romanzo "O ano da Morte de Ricardo Reis" di Saramago. Attraverso le opere di Reis eteronimo e il romanzo, vengono iindividuate della macro tematiche, a cui si riccore come strumenti di analisi per individuare a approfondire le differenze e somiglianze tra i due personaggi. Inoltre, l'elaborato mira ad esplorare l'importanza dell'interpretazione e dell'eredità culturale, elementi alla base della costruzione di un'opera

Cultural heritage and fortifications built for defence of the Strait of Messina in the late 19th century

Cultural heritage and fortifications built for defence of the Strait of Messina in the late 19th century</jats:p