Perceived oral health condition and self-satisfaction with oral health

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Impact of dye interlayer on the performance of organic photovoltaic devices

The influences of buffer interlayer at the donor/acceptor interface on the open circuit voltage (VOC) of typical copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) / C60 organic photovoltaic devices are studied. Six fluorescent dyes with progressively increasing ionization potentials (I P) were used to investigate the factors influencing the VOC. The short-circuit current and fill factor of CuPc/ C60 device incorporating dye interlayer are lower than those of standard bilayer device. On the other hand, the VOC increases linearly with the I P of dye material and falls off when the I P is equal to or greater than 5.6 eV, in which the energy offset between the highest occupied molecular orbitals at the interlayer/ C60 heterojunction is smaller than the C60 exciton binding energy. The findings underscore the importance of energy offsets in photovoltaic responses. © 2009 American Institute of Physics.published_or_final_versio

Cognitive function in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with a history of neuropsychiatric manifestations: a longitudinal study

Poster PresentationBACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is commonly reported in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its associations with neuropsychiatric involvement (NPSLE) and psychiatric factors have been inconsistently reported in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate full neurocognitive function in relation to psychiatric factors including anxiety and depression in NPSLE patients longitudinally compared to …published_or_final_versio

Antiphospholipid (aPL) antibody profiles in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

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Contribution of discourse and morphosyntax skills to reading comprehension in Chinese dyslexic and typically developing children

This study aimed at identifying important skills for reading comprehension in Chinese dyslexic children and their typically developing counterparts matched on age (CA controls) or reading level (RL controls). The children were assessed on Chinese reading comprehension, cognitive, and reading-related skills. Results showed that the dyslexic children performed significantly less well than the CA controls but similarly to RL controls in most measures. Results of multiple regression analyses showed that word-level reading-related skills like oral vocabulary and word semantics were found to be strong predictors of reading comprehension among typically developing junior graders and dyslexic readers of senior grades, whereas morphosyntax, a text-level skill, was most predictive for typically developing senior graders. It was concluded that discourse and morphosyntax skills are particularly important for reading comprehension in the non-inflectional and topic-prominent Chinese system. © 2010 The Author(s).published_or_final_versionSpringer Open Choice, 21 Feb 201

Hong Kong domestic health spending: financial years 1989/90 to 2005/06

This report presents the latest estimates of Hong Kong domestic health spending between fiscal years 1989/90 and 2005/06, cross-stratified and categorised by financing source, provider, and function on an annual basis. In fiscal year 2005/06, total health expenditure was HK$71 557 million. In real terms, it grew 6.5$71 557 million total health expenditure in 2005/06, HK$68 810 million (96.2$2746 million (3.8%) on capital expenses (ie investment in medical facilities). Services of curative care accounted for the largest share (67.3%) and were made up of ambulatory services (35.7%), in-patient services (27.7%), day patient hospital services (3.4%), and home care (0.6%). The second largest share was spending on medical goods outside the patient care setting (10.8%). In terms of health care providers, hospitals (44.0%) accounted for the largest share of total health expenditure in 2005/06, followed by providers of ambulatory health care (31.4%). We observed a system-wide trend towards service consolidation at institutions (as opposed to free-standing ambulatory clinics, most of which are staffed by solo practitioners). Not taking capital expenses (ie investment in medical facilities) into account, public current expenditure on health amounted to HK$34 849 million (50.6$33 961 million) was mostly incurred at providers of ambulatory health care (55.8%). This reflects the mixed health care economy of Hong Kong, where public hospitals generally account for about 90% of total bed-days and private doctors (including western and Chinese medicine practitioners) provide about 70% of out-patient care. Although both public and private spending were mostly expended on personal health care services and goods (93.0%), the patterns of distribution among functional categories differed. Public expenditure was targeted at in-patient care (53.7%) and substantially less on out-patient care (24.6%), especially low-intensity first-contact care. In comparison, private spending was concentrated on out-patient care (49.9%), followed by medical goods outside the patient care setting (22.0%) and in-patient care (19.0%). Compared to countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Hong Kong has devoted a relatively low percentage of gross domestic product on health services in the last decade. As a share of total spending, public funding (either general government revenue or social security funds) was also lower than in most comparably developed economies, although commensurate with its public revenue collection base.published_or_final_versio

Clinical predictors of fetal and maternal outcome in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

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Syntactic skills in sentence reading comprehension among Chinese elementary school children

The present study examined the role of syntactic skills for reading comprehension in Chinese. Two hundred and seventy-two Chinese children were tested on their phonological processing, orthographic, morphological, syntactic, and literacy skills at Grades 1 and 2. Hierarchical multiple regression results showed that syntactic skills, in terms of word order, connective usage, and knowledge of morphosyntactic structure (measured by an oral cloze task) in Grade 1, significantly predicted sentence reading comprehension in Grade 2 after controlling for the children's age, IQ, and word level reading-related cognitive skills in Grade 1, and word reading in Grade 2. As in alphabetic languages, syntactic skills are essential for reading comprehension in Chinese. The unique roles of individual syntactic skills for understanding sentences in Chinese are discussed. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.postprin

Cervical dysplasia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

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Hong Kong's domestic health spending—financial years 1989/90 through 2004/05

This report presents the latest estimates of Hong Kong’s domestic health spending between fiscal years 1989/90 and 2004/05, cross-stratified and categorised by financing source, provider and function on an annual basis. Total expenditure on health was HK$67 807 million in fiscal year 2004/05. In real erms, total expenditure on health showed positive growth averaging 7This increase was largely driven by the rise in public spending, which rose 9Of the$67 807 million total health expenditure in 2004/05, current xpenditure comprised $65 429 million (96$2378 million (4%) were apital expenses (ie investment in medical facilities). Services of curative care ccounted for the largest share of total health spending (67%) which were made p of ambulatory services (35%), in-patient curative care (28%), day patient ospital services (3%), and home care (1%). The next largest share of total health xpenditure was spent on medical goods outside the patient care setting (10%). Analysed by health care provider, hospitals accounted for the largest share (46%) and providers of ambulatory health care the second largest share (30%) f total health spending in 2004/05. We observed a system-wide trend towards ervice consolidation at institutions (as opposed to free-standing ambulatory linics, most of which are staffed by solo practitioner). In 2004/05, public expenditure on health amounted to $35 247 million (53.9$30 182 million) was mostly incurred at providers of mbulatory health care (54.6%). This reflects the mixed health care economy of ong Kong where public hospitals generally account for about 90% of total beddays nd private doctors (including Western and Chinese medicine practitioners) rovide 75% to 80% of out-patient care. While both public and private spending were mostly expended on personal ealth care services and goods (92.9%), the distributional patterns among functional ategories differed. Public expenditure was targeted at in-patient care (54.2%) and ubstantially less on out-patient care (24.5%), especially low-intensity first-contact are. In comparison, private spending was mostly concentrated on out-patient care (49.6%), whereas medical goods outside the patient care setting (22 .6%) and inpatient are (18.8%) comprised the majority of the remaining share. Compared to OECD countries, Hong Kong has devoted a relatively low percentage of gross domestic product to health in he last decade. As a share of total spending, public funding (either general government revenue or social security funds) was lso lower than in most comparably developed economies, although commensurate with its public revenue collection base.published_or_final_versio