Strengthening mechanisms in thermomechanically processed NbTi-microalloyed steel

The effect of deformation temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated for thermomechanically processed NbTi-microalloyed steel with ferrite-pearlite microstructure. With a decrease in the finish deformation temperature at 1348 K to 1098 K (1075 °C to 825 °C) temperature range, the ambient temperature yield stress did not vary significantly, work hardening rate decreased, ultimate tensile strength decreased, and elongation to failure increased. These variations in mechanical properties were correlated to the variations in microstructural parameters (such as ferrite grain size, solid solution concentrations, precipitate number density and dislocation density). Calculations based on the measured microstructural parameters suggested the grain refinement, solid solution strengthening, precipitation strengthening, and work hardening contributed up to 32 pct, up to 48 pct, up to 25 pct, and less than 3 pct to the yield stress, respectively. With a decrease in the finish deformation temperature, both the grain size strengthening and solid solution strengthening increased, the precipitation strengthening decreased, and the work hardening contribution did not vary significantly

Some Lessons for Bank Regulation from Recent Crises

The causes of systemic bank distress are complex and multi-dimensional involving economic, financial, regulatory and structural weaknesses. This also means that regulatory approaches also need to be multi-dimensional. The paper suggests that an optimum "regulatory regime" needs to incorporate seven key components: regulation (the rules imposed by official agencies), official supervision, incentive structures within banks, market discipline, intervention arrangements in the event of distress, corporate governance arrangements with banks, and the accountability of regulatory agencies. All are necessary but none alone are sufficient for systemic stability. As there are trade-offs between the components, regulatory strategy needs to focus on the overall impact of the regime rather than only the regulation component.

The new economics of banking

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:99/24696 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Future regulatory arrangements for building societies

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:7752.5575(LUBC-RP--54) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Some lessons for bank regulation from recent crises

This paper based on a series of papers given in 1999 at 2nd Int. Conf. Florence, Netherlands, Central Bank ConferencesSIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:7752.5575(140/2000) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Banking in the 21st century The transformation of an industry

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Competition or credit controls?

7.95SIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

The economics of bank charges for personal customers

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:5914.65517(LU-BC-Mono--9) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo